Evaluation of Stope Stability in Underground Mine;Hermyingyi (Sn-W Deposit) Mine in Myanmar

The stability of underground excavations has become an important issue in order to extend underground mining operations and extract deeper deposits. The increasing demand for Tin-Tungsten (Sn-W) for industry and its market price has created a motivation for mining companies to extract deep-seated Sn-W ore deposits in Myanmar. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the stability of underground openings, especially, the stope with considering the mining methods. To meet the objective, FLAC3D 5.0 simulation was used for the assessment of stope under different stress ratios, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 for two types of underground mines;Open stoping and Cut and Fill stoping. The results show that the risk of instability of stope is high under the stress ratio of K = 0.5 than that of K = 1.0 and K = 1.5 in both mining methods. However, the stability of the stope in open stope method is lower than that of cut-and-fill method obviously. This result shows that the appropriate mining method has to be selected for extraction of Sn-W deposit carefully in terms of the balance of safety and cost.

Constraints of molybdenite Re-Os and scheelite Sm-Nd ages on mineralization time of the Kukaazi Pb-Zn-Cu-W deposit, Western Kunlun, NW China

The Kukaazi Pb-Zn-Cu-W polymetallic deposit, located in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, is a newly discovered skarn-type deposit. Ore bodies mainly occur in the forms of lenses and veins along beddings of the Mesoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. Three ore blocks, KⅠ,KⅡ, and KⅢ, have been outlined in different parts of the Kukaazi deposit in terms of mineral assemblages. The KⅠ ore block is mainly composed of chalcopyrite, scheelite,pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and minor pyrite, arsenopyrite,and molybdenite, whereas the other two ore blocks are made up of galena, sphalerite, magnetite and minor arsenopyrite and pyrite. In this study, we obtained a molybdenite isochron Re–Os age of 450.5 ± 6.4 Ma(2σ,MSWD = 0.057) and a scheelite Sm–Nd isochron age of 426 ± 59 Ma(2σ, MSWD = 0.49) for the KⅠ ore block.They are broadly comparable to the ages of granitoid in the region. Scheelite grains from the KⅠ ore block contain high abundances of rare earth elements(REE, 42.0–95.7 ppm)and are enriched in light REE compared to heavy REE, with negative Eu anomalies(δEu = 0.13–0.55). They display similar REE patterns and Sm/Nd ratios to those of the coeval granitoids in the region. Moreover, they also have similar Sr and Nd isotopes [ ^(87)Sr/ ^(86)Sr = 0.7107–0.7118;ε_(Nd)(t) =-4.1 to-4.0] to those of such granitoids, implying that the tungsten-bearing fluids in the Kukaazi deposit probably originate from the granitic magmas. Our results first defined that the Early Paleozoic granitoids could lead to economic Mo–W–(Cu) mineralization at some favorable districts in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt and could be prospecting exploration targets.

表面活性剂对Ni-W-P化学镀层沉积行为及性能的影响

Ni-W-P化学镀层因具有良好的耐蚀、耐磨性能而成为重要的“代铬”镀层。表面活性剂可以增强镀液对基体润湿能力,加快界面处H2逸出速率,减少镀层针孔数量或氢缺陷,从而提高镀层质量。本论文探究了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)以及聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)三种典型表面活性剂对Ni-W-P镀层沉积行为及性能的影响。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射以及电化学方法对Ni-W-P镀层的表面微观形貌、物相、气孔率和耐蚀性能进行了表征,并通过接触角、沉积电位阐述了表面活性剂在化学镀Ni-W-P过程中的作用机理。研究结果表明,表面活性剂可改善镀层表面质量以及颗粒尺寸均匀性,并显著降低镀层内部针孔数量,优先顺序为PEG-200>SDS>CTAB。XRD衍射结果显示,表面活性剂可提高镀层内合金元素W和P含量,有利于形成耐蚀性能良好的Ni-W-P非晶镀层。此外,三种表面活性剂均能改善镀液对基体的润湿能力,其中PEG-200对基体的润湿角最小(65°),说明PEG-200对于提高界面处H2逸出速度,降低化学镀过程中电位波动效果更为明显。论文研究结果可以为制备内部缺陷较少、耐蚀性能优良的Ni-W-P化学镀层提供一定的理论基础。

In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of mica and wolframite from the Maoping tungsten deposit,southern Jiangxi,China

The Maoping tungsten deposit is located in the Nanling W-Sn metallogenic belt in South China.Greisen and quartz vein types of mineralization developed in this deposit.Protolithionite occurs in the granite.Zinnwaldite is occurs mainly in greisen and wolframite-quartz veins whereas phengite is found in the underground quartz veinlets.In granite and greisen,protolithionite,and zinnwaldite are partly replaced by Li-phengite.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of micas and wolframite are employed to characterize the ore-forming source and evolution of ore forming fluids.Micas show compositional variation trend in vertical directions with a decrease of W,Sn,Nb,and Ta and an increase of MgO,V,Ni,and Co.Wolframite in greisen has higher Mo,Sn,Nb,Ta,and REEs than those in quartz veins.All wolframites show similar REE patterns with enrichment of HREE.Wolframites in greisen and quartz veins have negative Eu anomalies,while wolframites in quartz veinlet display positive Eu anomalies.Compositions of mica and wolframite from different mining levels of the Maoping deposit suggest that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic hydrothermal fluids in the deep with a slight addition of meteoric water in the shallow.Brittle fractureinduced depressurization and fluid mixing controlled the evolution of ore-forming fluids and possibly lead to the wolframite deposition.

Scheelite Sm-Nd dating and quartz Ar-Ar dating for Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit,western Hunan

Scheelite Sm-Nd and quartz Ar-Ar dating were accomplished for the Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit in western hu-nan. The results show that the Sm and Nd concentrations of scheelite are relatively high, and Sm/Nd ratios are usually high and variable. In the 147Sm/144Nd vs. 143Nd/144Nd diagram, the disseminated scheelites show a good linear array, which corresponds to an isochron age of 402 6 Ma and an initial 143Nd/144Nd ratio of 0.510544 9 (2s ) with a e Nd(t) value of -30.7. The Ar-Ar age spectra for 2 quartz samples display the saddle shape. The minimum apparent age, plateau age and isochron age of each quartz sample generally overlap within errors; and both the minimum apparent ages of 420 20 and 414 19 Ma coincide well with the scheelite Sm-Nd age. Both Sm-Nd and Ar-Ar dating results reveal that the Au-Sb-W mineralization at Woxi district took place in the Late Caledonian. This is in good agreement with the tectonic evolution of the Xuefengshan district and with some geo-chronological data available for Au, Sb and W deposits in this area. The low initial Nd isotope ratio of scheelites sug-gests that the fluid responsible for Au-Sb-W mineralization at the Woxi is of deep crustal origin and probably originated from the underlying Archaean continental basement rather than the host Proterozoic strata in western Hunan. The con-straints on the mineralization time and on the fluid source provide insight into the genesis of the Woxi deposit.

Properties of electrodeposited amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits

A new technique of electroplating amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits was proposed.The structure and morphology o Fe-Ni-W alloy deposit were detected by XRD and SEM.The friction and wear behavior of Fe-Ni-W alloy deposit were studied and compared with that of chromium deposit.The corrosion properties against 5% sodium chloride,5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide were also discussed.The experimental results indicate that Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits have superior properties against wea than hard chromium deposits under dry sliding condition.Under oil sliding condition,except their better wear resistance,the deposits can protect their counterparts against wear.The deposits plated on brass and AISI 1045 steel show good behavior against corrosion o 5% sodium chloride,5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide.The bath of electroplating amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits is environmentally friendly and would find widely use in industry.

Re-Os geochronology of Cu and W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan and its geological significance

The Central Asian metallogenic domain （CAMD） is a multi-core metallogenic system controlled by boundary strike-slip fault systems. The Balkhash metallogenic belt in Kazakhstan, in which occur many large and super-large porphyritic Cu--Mo deposits and some quartz vein- and greisen-type W-Mo deposits, is a well-known porphyritic Cu--Mo metallogenic belt in the CAMD. In this paper 11 molybdenite samples from the western segment of the Balkhash metallogenic belt are selected for Re--Os compositional analyses and Re--Os isotopic dating. Molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit and the three quartz vein-greisen W--Mo deposits--East Kounrad, Akshatau and Zhanet--all have relatively high Re contents （2712--2772 μg/g for Borly and 2.267--31.50 μg/g for the other three W-Mo deposits）, and lower common Os contents （0.670-2.696 ng/g for Borly and 0.0051--0.056 ng/g for the other three）. The molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu--Mo deposit and the East Kounrad, Zhanet, and Akshatau quartz vein- and greisen-type W-Mo deposits give average model Re--Os ages of 315.9 Ma, 298.0 Ma, 295.0 Ma, and 289.3 Ma respectively. Meanwhile, molybde- nites from the East Kounrad, Zhanet, and Akshatan W-Mo deposits give a Re--Os isochron age of 297.9 Ma, with an MSWD value of 0.97. Re--Os dating of the molybdenites indicates that Cu-W-Mo metallogenesis in the western Balkhash metallogeuic belt occurred during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian （315.9--289.3 Ma）, while the porphyry Cu--Mo deposits formed at ~316 Ma, and the quartz vein-greisen W--Mo deposits formed at ~298 Ma. The Re--Os model and isochron ages thus suggest that Late Carboniferous porphyry granitoid and pegmatite magmatism took place during the late Hercy- nian movement. Compared to the Junggar-East Tianshan porphyry Cu metallogenic belt in northwestern China, the formation of the Cu-Mo metallogenesis in the Balkhash rnetallogenic belt occurred between that of the Tuwu-Yandong in East Tianshan and the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposits in West Junggar. Collectively, the large-scale Late Carboniferous porphyry Cu-Mo metallogenesis in the Central Asian metallogenic domain is related to Hercynian tectono-magmatic activities.

Chronology of the Tungsten Deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province, and Episodes and Zonation of the Regional W-Sn Mineralization-Evidence from High-precision Zircon U-Pb, Molybdenite Re-Os and Muscovite Ar-Ar Ages

Previous studies have obtained some petrogenetic and metallogenic chronological data with SHRIMP （sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe） zircon U-Pb, zircon LA-ICPMS （laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy） U-Pb, molybdenite Re-Os isochron and muscovite Ar-Ar methods in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas. Based on these, the purpose of this paper is to study the petrogenetic and metallogenic ages and their time gap for different genetic types of W-Sn deposits, and thus to research their numerous episodes, zonal arrangement and their geodynamic background. The result shows that the large-scale W-Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province occurred in the middle to late Jurassic （170-150 Ma）, the skarn W-Sn-polymetallic deposits formed much earlier （170-161 Ma）, and all of the wolframite-quartz vein type, greisen type, altered granite type and fractured zone type tungsten deposits formed in the late Jurassic （160-150 Ma）. In one ore field or ore district, greisen type tungsten deposits formed earlier than quartz vein type ones hosted in the endoor exo-contact zone; and quartz vein type hosted in the endocontact zone formed earlier than that of exocontact zone. There is no significant time difference between tungstentin mineralization and its intimately associated parent granite emplacement （1-6 Ma）. They all formed in the same rock-forming and ore-forming system and under the same geodynamic setting. Regionally, rock-forming and ore-forming processes of the W-Sn deposits in the Nanling region （include southern Jiangxi Province, southern Hunan Province, northern Guangdong Province and eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region） exhibit numerous episodes. The mineralization in the Nanling region mainly occurred at （240-210） Ma, （170-150） Ma and （130-90） Ma. The tungsten-tin deposits in this region are centered by the largest scale in southern Jiangxi Province and southern Hunan Province, and become small in the east, west, south and north directions. This displays a zonal arrangement and temporal and spatial distribution regularity. Integrated with the latest research results, it is concluded that the W-Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas corresponds to the second large-scale mineralization in South China. The Indosinian W-Sn mineralization formed under the extensional tectonic regime between collisional compressional stages, while the Yanshanian large-scale petrogenetic and metallogenic processes occurred in the Jurassic intraplate extensional geodynamic setting of lithosphere extension.

Electroless deposition of W-doped Ag films onto p-Si(100)from diluted HF solution

Tungsten-doped silver films were prepared by immersing hydrogen-terminated silicon wafers into the solution of 2.5 mmol/L[Ag2WO4]+0.1 mol/L HF at 50℃.Their growth and composition were characterized with atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The effect of tungstate ions on the deposition of silver was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)by comparing W-doped Ag film with Ag film.It is found that the molar fraction of tungsten in the deposits is about 2.3%and the O to W molar ratio was about 4.0 and W-doped Ag films have good anti-corrosion in air at 350℃.The doping of tungsten cannot change the deposition of silver.

Metallogenic controls on the granite-related W–Sn deposits in the Hunan–Jiangxi region, China: evidence from zircon trace element geochemistry

The Nanling Range in South China is well known for its rich granite-related W–Sn deposits.To elucidate the controls of different granite-related W–Sn metallogenesis in the region,we chose five representative orerelated granites(Yanbei,Mikengshan,Tieshanlong,Qianlishan,and Yaogangxian intrusions)in the Hunan–Jiangxi region,and studied their magmatic zircon ages and trace element geochemistry.Our new zircon data showed the differences in ages,temperatures and oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming magmas.Zircon U–Pb ages of the Yanbei and Mikengshan intrusions are characterized by 142.4±2.4 and 143.0±2.3 Ma,respectively,whereas the Tieshanlong and Qianlishan intrusions are 159.5±2.3and 153.2±3.3 Ma,respectively.The Sn-related intrusions were younger than the W-related intrusions.The Tiin-zircon thermometry showed that there was no systematic difference between the Sn-related Yanbei(680–744℃)and Mikengshan(697–763℃)intrusions and the W-related Tieshanlong(730–800℃),Qianlishan(690–755℃)and Yaogangxian(686–751℃)intrusions.However,the zircon Ce^4+/Ce^3+ratios of the Yanbei(averaged at 18.3)and Mikengshan(averaged at 18.8)intrusions are lower than those of the Tieshanlong(averaged at 36.9),Qianlishan(averaged at 38.4)and Yaogangxian(averaged at 37)intrusions,indicating that the Sn-related granitic magmas might have lower oxygen fugacities than those of the W-related.This can be explained by that,in more reduced magmas,Sn is more soluble than W and thus is more enriched in the residual melt to form Sn mineralization.The difference in source materials between the Sn-related and the W-related granites seems to have contributed to the different redox conditions of the melts.

Friction and wear behavior of electrodeposited amorphous Fe-Co-W alloy deposits

The microstructures, friction and wear behavior under dry sliding condition of electrodeposited amorphous Fe-Co-W alloy deposits heat treated at different temperatures were studied. A comparative study of hard chrome deposit under the same testing condition was also made. The experimental results show that the hardness and wear resistance of amorphous Fe-Co-W alloy deposits are improved with the increasing of heat treatment temperature, and reach the maximum value at 800 ℃, then decrease above 800 ℃. Under 40 N load, the wear resistance properties of the alloy deposits heat treated at 800 ℃ are superior to those of hard chrome deposit. The main wear mechanisms of amorphous Fe-Co-W alloy deposits heat treated below 600 ℃ are peeling, plastic and flowing deformation; when the deposits are heat treated above 700 ℃, they are plastic and flowing deformation. While the main wear mechanisms of hard chrome are abrasive wear, fatigue and peeling.

Re-Os Isotopic Dating of a W-Be Polymetallic Deposit in the Southern Qinling Region, China

Objective In recent years, a series of tungsten prospecting breakthroughs have been made in the southern Qinling Mountains. Especially, a new deposit type with a scheelite -beryl-molybdenite assemblage in the Zhen＇an area of Shaanxi Province was firstly discovered. This deposit is currently in a detailed investigation stage, and no detailed study has been yet conducted. This work selected one molybdenite sample from the Be （W） ores in this deposit for Re-Os isotope measurements to define the time limit of tungsten and beryllium mineralization, and to further reveal the ore-forming geological setting of rare metals in the southern Qinling region.

Electroless Deposition of Fe-Mo-W-B Amorphous Alloys

The preparation, formation mechanism, surface appearance and structure of electroless plating Fe-Mo-W-B amorphous alloys were systematically studied. The deposition rates of the deposits in different bath composition as plated were measured. The formation mechanism of the deposits was discussed. The parameter for amorphous structures formation was suggested for the deposits.

榍石和石榴子石U-Pb定年和微量元素对矽卡岩型W矿成矿时代和成矿条件的指示:以皖南逍遥钨多金属矿床为例

逍遥矿床是安徽南部新发现的大型钨多金属矿床,其精细的岩浆-热液时限及成矿作用仍不明确。本文对其开展了石榴子石和榍石的U-Pb年代学和微量元素分析,发现逍遥矿床发育多阶段榍石(岩浆榍石和热液榍石),岩浆榍石与石英、磁铁矿、长石共生,而热液榍石与石英、方解石、辉钼矿、黄铜矿关系密切。逍遥矿床中石榴子石和榍石中均具有一定的U含量,其中石榴子石中U含量较低(平均为15.9×10^(-6)),岩浆榍石和热液榍石的U含量较高(平均值大于100×10^(-6))。石榴子石和榍石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示成岩和W多金属矿化均形成于150Ma左右,指示W多金属矿化与花岗闪长岩密切相关。岩浆榍石、钾长石、石英、磁铁矿矿物组合指示逍遥成矿岩浆具有氧化性强和富水的特征。逍遥钨矿中的石榴子石以钙铁榴石为主且富集W、Sn特征,指示早期流体为氧化性流体。此外,热液榍石中HFSE元素的高度富集表明其成矿流体为富碱、富F的热液系统,为钨、铅、锌、铜、银、钼多金属的富集提供了有利热液条件。综上所述,石榴子石和榍石能够有效指示矽卡岩W矿的成矿时代和成岩成矿条件。

湘中成矿带杏枫山Au-W矿床白钨矿特征及地质意义

杏枫山Au-W矿床位于湘中Au-Sb-W成矿带西部,以发育矽卡岩型钨矿化和席状石英脉型金矿化两套成矿系统为典型特征,明显有别于区域其它Au-W矿床,为进一步研究区域金、钨成矿机制提供了理想对象。文章根据野外穿切关系、矿物共生组合以及结构特征,将杏枫山白钨矿按次序划分为早期矽卡岩型钨矿化中具振荡环带的Sch-1、内部结构均一的Sch-2、多孔状的Sch-3和晚期席状石英脉型金矿化中结构均一的Sch-4。Sch-1和Sch-2的Mo含量和Eu异常(δEu)分别呈现逐渐降低(47.5×10^(-6)→0.044×10^(-6))和升高(1.74→3.18)的趋势,暗示其成矿热液氧逸度的逐步降低,这可能与其富Sr特征(251×10^(-6)~4916×10^(-6))和与矽卡岩矿物共生所指示的强烈水岩反应相关。同时,Sch-1至Sch-3整体上与白马山印支期岩体具有相似的Y/Ho比值,结合前人的年代学研究指示其成矿热液可能来自白马山印支期岩体。Sch-4的低Mo含量(0.014×10^(-6)~0.068×10^(-6))、高δEu(平均值3.96)和与磁黄铁矿的共生关系均揭示席状石英脉型金矿化成矿热液的低氧逸度特征,其高Sr含量(2319×10^(-6)~5329×10^(-6))也说明其形成受到明显的水岩反应控制,这与其脉侧明显的黑云母蚀变晕特征吻合,也揭示水岩反应及其相关的氧逸度下降可能是杏枫山金沉淀的重要控制因素。另外,席状石英脉中电气石的发育及其脉侧的黑云母蚀变晕显示其具高温岩浆热液成矿特征,揭示矽卡岩型钨矿化与席状石英脉型金矿化应分属两次不同的成矿事件,可能对应白马山复式岩体不同时期的岩浆活动,其中矽卡岩型钨矿化与白马山晚三叠世侵入岩相关,石英脉型金矿化则可能与白马山早侏罗世岩浆活动相关,而杏枫山矿床属于早期矽卡岩型钨矿化和晚期席状石英脉型金矿化的叠加复合成矿。

Ti、Mn对Q690钢SMAW熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响

以开发与Q690高强钢匹配的焊接材料为目的,通过扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段研究了Ti和Mn含量对焊条电弧焊(SMAW,shielded metal arc welding)熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti和Mn可以有效地改善熔敷金属的微观组织和力学性能。适量添加Ti、Mn会促使熔敷金属中针状铁素体的形成。随着Mn含量的增加,熔敷金属的微观组织由粒状贝氏体+针状铁素体转变为板条贝氏体+马氏体,导致其抗拉强度升高,冲击性能下降。

Deposition of electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

The electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings were deposited directly on AZ91D magnesium alloy by an acid-sulfate nickel bath.Nickel sulphate and sodium tungstate were used as metal ion sources and sodium hypophosphite was used as reducing agent.The coating was characterized for its structure,morphologies,microhardness and corrosion properties.The presence of dense and coarse nodules in the duplex coatings was observed by SEM and EDS.Tungsten content in Ni-P/Ni-W-P alloy is about 0.65%(mass fraction) and the phosphorus content is 8.18%(mass fraction).The microhardness of the coatings is 622 VHN.The coating shows good adhesion to the substrate.The results of electrochemical analysis,the porosity and the immersion test show that Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings possess noble anticorrosion properties to protect the AZ91D magnesium alloy.

Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coating in phosphoric and ferric chloride

Corrosion rate and anode polarization curves of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coating in various concentrations of phosphoric and ferric chloride were researched. The results show that corrosion rate of the composite coatings increases with the increasing concentrations of phosphoric and ferric chloride, and reaches the maximum value when phosphoric concentration is 40% and ferric chloride concentration is 20% (mass fraction, the same below if not mentioned). Anode polarization curves of the composite coatings show that anode polarization current density of the composite coatings heat-treated at 200 ℃ or 500 ℃ is lower than that of other coatings heat-treated at 300 ℃ or 400 ℃, which displays that the composite coatings heat-treated at 200 ℃ or 500 ℃ have better corrosion resistance. Besides, corrosion resistance of the composite coating heat-treated at 500 ℃ is better than that as deposited and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating heat-treated at 400 ℃, and is also better than that of 316L stainless steel.

滇东南老君山矿集区北部长田W(Sn)矿床成矿时代:来自白钨矿和萤石Sm-Nd同位素定年的制约

滇东南是我国重要的钨锡多金属成矿区,老君山矿集区是其重要组成部分,围绕燕山期老君山复式花岗岩体,分布有都龙、南秧田、新寨大型-超大型Sn-W多金属矿床及多个中小型矿床(点)。该区地质演化复杂,Sn、W多金属可能存在多期成矿作用,包括燕山期、印支期和加里东期。由于目前该区发现的Sn-W矿化多分布于老君山岩体南、东侧,而岩体北部Sn-W成矿作用的研究相对较薄弱,特别是成矿年代学方面,多数矿床依然缺少精确同位素年代学数据,制约了该区Sn-W多金属成矿作用的认识和地质勘探的深入。长田是老君山岩体北缘代表性W(Sn)多金属矿床,区内加里东期和燕山期花岗岩均有分布,由于缺少年代学数据和地质地球化学研究,W(Sn)成矿作用的认识尚缺少实际地质地球化学依据,难以建立合理的成矿模式,制约了区内地质勘探的深入和突破。基于此,本文通过对长田W(Sn)矿床中白钨矿及共生萤石的Sm-Nd同位素定年,分别获得97 Ma和79 Ma两个年代学数据,显示该矿床钨矿化主成矿期应为燕山晚期,与老君山花岗岩活动时限一致,表明长田钨成矿作用与燕山期老君山花岗岩的侵入活动关系密切,而与加里东期岩浆活动关系不大。该成果丰富了燕山晚期老君山花岗岩Sn-W成矿作用及其影响范围,也为进一步完善该区的年代学格架提供重要的成矿年代学数据。

Electrochemical Deposition of Ni-W Gradient Deposit and Its Structural Characterization

The Ni-W gradient deposit with nano-structure was prepared by an electrochemical deposition method.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) indicate that the crystallite size of the deposit decreases from 10.3nm to 1.5nm and the crystal grating aberrance increases with the increase of W content in the growing direction of the deposit. The structure of deposit changes from crystalline to amorphous stepwise with associated increase of crystal grating aberrance, and presents gradient distribution. These show that the deposit isgradient with nano-structure.