A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite materials

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) composite materials are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials that do not exhibit plastic deformation. They have been used in a wide range of contemporary applications particularly in space and aviation,automotive,maritime and manufacturing of sports equipment. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) composite materials,among other fiber reinforced materials,have been increasingly replacing conventional materials with their excellent strength and low specific weight properties. Their manufacturability in varying combinations with customized strength properties,also their high fatigue,toughness and high temperature wear and oxidation resistance capabilities render these materials an excellent choice in engineering applications.In the present review study,a literature survey was conducted on the machinability properties and related approaches for CFRP and GFRP composite materials. As in the machining of all anisotropic and heterogeneous materials,failure mechanisms were also reported in the machining of CFRP and GFRP materials with both conventional and modern manufacturing methods and the results of these studies were obtained by use of variance analysis(ANOVA),artificial neural networks(ANN) model,fuzzy inference system(FIS),harmony search(HS) algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA),Taguchi's optimization technique,multi-criteria optimization,analytical modeling,stress analysis,finite elements method(FEM),data analysis,and linear regression technique. Failure mechanisms and surface quality is discussed with the help of optical and scanning electron microscopy,and profilometry. ANOVA,GA,FEM,etc. are used to analyze and generate predictive models.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF SLENDER COLUMN WITH FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Equilibrium paths of post-buckling are measured for large slenderness column specimens made of the fiber reinforced composite material. The influence of the initial curvature is investigated experimentally and compared with the result of the initial post-buckling theory. Both the theoretical and experimental results reveal that the column with the initial curvature has stable post-buckling behaviors and is not sensitive to the imperfection in the form of initial curvature. The experimental results show that when the lateral buckling displacement is less than 20 percent of the column length, the experimental results agree with the results from the theory of initial post-buckling quite well, while they agree with the results from the large deflection theory in a quite large range.

Ballistic impact simulation of Kevlar-129 fiber reinforced composite material

The penetration resistance of Kevlar-129 fiber reinforced composite materials was investigated with AUTODYN software.The ballistic limits of the fragment that pierced 6kinds of target plates were obtained by finite element simulation when the 10 g fragment simulation projectile（FSP）impacting to the target plates of different thickness values of 8,10,12,14,16 and 18mm with appropriate velocity,respectively,and the influences of thickness on the ballistic limits and the specific energy absorption were analyzed.The results show that the ballistic limit of Kevlar-129 fiber reinforced composite plates presents linear growth with the increase of the target thickness in the range from 8to 18 mm.The specific energy absorption of plates presents approximately linear growth,but there is slightly slow growth in the range from 10 to 16mm of the target thickness.It also can be found that the influences of plate thickness and surface density on the varying pattern of specific energy absorption are almost the same.Therefore,both of them can be used to characterize the variation of specific energy absorption under the impact of the FSP fragment.

Influence of Some Plant Fibers on the Mechanical Performance of Composite Materials

This work focused on the search for biobased materials capable of being used in road techniques as soil inclusions, and on studying the influence of their incorporation on the characteristic parameters of pavement layers. To this end, pineapple, cyperus and imperata plant fibers, due to their endemic availability, were used as reinforcement on sourced materials, notably bar soil, lateritic gravel and silty sand. Complete identification and mechanical tests (Proctor and CBR) were carried out on materials in their natural state (soil) and on composite materials (soil + plant fibers) in the laboratory to determine their classification in road geotechnics, their compaction parameters and their mechanical behavior. Firstly, the various types of 2.5 cm long fibers were incorporated into the different types of soil at mass contents of 1% and 2%. This part of the study showed that the pineapple fiber composite incorporated into class A2 bar soil offered the best results, with a 38% gain in CBR index compared with the natural soil. Pineapple fibers incorporated at 1% in lateritic gravel raise the CBR value of the reinforced soil to 10% of the CBR value of the natural soil and to 7% for silty sand.

Experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil infrastructures.Engineered geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and construction.However,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are uncertain.In this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and flexure.The experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of fibers.After that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical elements.The tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion.It was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different scenarios.For AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly reduced.For plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

Natural Composite Material from Steelwool or Luffa cylindrica under Natural, Rigid and Flexible Resin

In a changing world with a high interest in new ecomaterials, natural fibers such as the steelwool or Luffa cylindriea appear in new presentations and mixing with other materials to develop better opportunities to replace synthetic fibers. This work presents a research on the use of steelwool fiber for composite materials, on the basis of the physical properties, that generate conditions of mixing with three binders （matrix） natural： the rosin, artificial hard： polyurethane resin and artificial flexible： flexible twin resin （epoxy） and finally a polyester resin to make a comparison with other major resins. A testing of compression and tension is carried out to the materials analyzed, obtaining three types of composite materials by the above mentioned binders and three proposed presentations of fiber （complete, tissue and ground）. The test tube in tension with polyester resin presented a high rigidity and a percentage of deformation of 14%, resulting in less distortion than the woven with resin polyurethane with 12% of deformation. The presentation with resin polyurethane presented greater resistance to compression, because the resin acts as a sponge absorbing the energy of charge and the join of particles is larger than the other presentations generating greater cohesion among them and avoiding its rupture easily for a load of 2,000 kg. The presentation that is least resisted was the woven in two resins in the stage of energy absorption of load where polyurethane is 800 kg and the flexible twin is 850 kg, because the form of woven fiber distribution creates spaces where there are more resin than fiber.

The impact of the new composite material technology on the performance of the tennis rackets

With the continues improving of people＇s living standards, more and more people work out in all kinds of sports fields beyond the busy work. On the other hand, the development of the modem competitive sports also requires that the sports experts should not only strive for the scientific training, but should also pay much attention on the improvement and development of the sports equipment at the same time, which makes the sports equipment market have achieved unprecedented prosperity. This paper introduces the application of the fiber reinforced composite materials in the field of sports equipment, which is described mainly from the advantages of the fiber reinforced composite materials used in sports equipment areas, and from the aspects of the principles of material selection, the product varieties, the application examples and the status.

A Fiber Pull-Out Based Model for Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams under a Flexural Load

This work is intended to be a simple contribution to building a model able to implement theoretical results related to the random oriented fiber reinforced concrete in a procedure that could be used in structures analysis and design involving fiber reinforced elements. Here follows a short outline: In the introduction chapter the problem is presented together the work done. Section 2 develops some ancillary concepts of this material and its mechanical properties, while in Section 3, following the path of other researchers, the assumptions made to solve the problem are presented, together with the most relevant results related to presence of 3D randomly oriented fiber. In the following section a review of the mechanical process of fiber pull-out is done, and the results, mostly due to Victor Li researches, of a 3D randomly oriented synthetic fiber stress vs crack opening in a pull-out process from a cement matrix. In Section 5 the author, after making some assumptions about the configuration of the strain and crack geometry in the cross section where failure is assume to occur under flexural bending moment, the resultant stress is integrated to find the resultant internal moment vs increasing strain and crack width. In this analysis, the crack bridging law for synthetic fiber in FRC presented in the previous section is taken into account. In Section 6, a procedure to find a cross section configuration in equilibrium under external bending moment has been built. Under the assumption of a perfectly plastic collapse mechanism a numerical simulation is conducted on a specimen that undergoes a four-point bending test. A comparison with the trend of a similar test on a synthetic FRC sample has been done. The work is completed by the conclusions that could be inferred from this work.

SUPER-THIN COATING MATERIAL FOR HIGH-GRADE HIGHWAY

The road surface of cement concrete in highway is easily cracked and even destroyed due to inhomogeneous subsiding of the road foundation. In this work, a super-thin-coating material is prepared in order to repair the destroyed thin road surface, in which polymers and steel-fiber are added into ordinary concrete to form a steel fiber reinforced polymer-cement-based composite, the composite was successfully used to repair road surface. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites are measured and analyzed.

含缺陷管道碳纤维复合材料补强数值模拟研究

当代石油、天然气等能源的主要运输方式为管道运输,管道在长期使用时会产生各种缺陷,这些缺陷将对管道的结构和强度产生影响。目前先进的管道修复技术为复合材料补强技术,其中碳纤维复合材料是较优的选择。为了测试有/无碳纤维补强管道缺陷处的效果,开展了不同层数碳纤维复合材料的拉伸实验研究,结合ANSYS数值模拟探究了修复前后不同缺陷管道在承载时的应力、应变分布,分析了修复补强效果的影响因素。结果表明:缺陷减薄厚度对管道的应力、应变状态影响较大,碳纤维复合材料修复技术能在减小管道缺陷处应力、应变的同时优化其应力、应变分布,可以通过增加碳纤维修复层数来提升修复效果,相关研究对于管道的修复补强有一定指导意义。

基于像素标记法的复合材料异型构件均匀性表征

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料由孔隙缺陷引起的结构不均匀会严重影响构件的宏观力学性能,而整体孔隙率无法有效表征均匀性。针对此问题,提出了一种基于像素标记的空间区块划分方法,实现对异型构件CT扫描体数据的自动分块。在计算出每个区块体孔隙率值的基础上,以孔隙率均值与标准差的乘积为指标,对构件结构均匀性进行定量表征。采用光线投射法对孔隙率进行三维映射,对孔隙率分布进行直观的可视化表征。结果表明:该方法能有效定量表征出异型构件整体及局部均匀性,并从三维角度给出构件局部孔隙率的大小、空间位置信息,为进一步优化制造工艺参数、提高构件服役的可靠性提供了有力依据。

碳纤维复合材料在建筑加固工程中的应用

碳纤维复合材料具有强度高、质量轻等特点,在建筑加固工程中应用的碳纤维材料包含碳纤维板及碳纤维布两种,其加固操作简单、适用面广,相比传统加固方式优势明显。本文主要分析了碳纤维复合材料的加固原理及其优势,介绍了碳纤维复合材料在建筑加固中所应用的内嵌入式及外贴式加固方法,并对未来的应用做出展望,以期能够为碳纤维复合材料在建筑加固工程中的使用提供借鉴意义。

浅谈建筑结构加固工艺

我国在基础建设快速发展的阶段,进一步加大了对基础设施建设的投入,从而加快了建筑业的发展,充分发挥国家科技力量的支撑作用,相继修建了各种类型的道路、桥梁、高楼、会展中心、重大水利工程等。由于受到自然灾害、空气影响等,这些建筑的结构往往出现过早老化的情况。据相关统计数据显示,全国城镇需要开展加固工作的民用建筑有30亿平方米,其中亟待修复加固处理的建筑有10亿平方米。如何对这些老旧建筑检测加固,需要进行研究探讨。

树脂基纤维复合材料在新能源汽车上的应用

树脂基纤维复合材料具有密度小、模量高、比强度高等优点,是优异的车用轻量化材料。为更好地探寻新能源汽车零部件的用材趋势,文章对树脂基纤维复合材料在国内外新能源汽车上的应用进行了详细的分析。研究发现,碳纤维增强复合材料虽然成本高,但由于优异的性能,仍在部分高端车型上大量使用,用以提升品牌影响力;玻纤增强复合材料,成本较低,是理想的轻量化材料,近几年在新能源汽车上大量应用;天然纤维增强复合材料的应用主要是为了提升低碳、环保的形象;玄武岩纤维增强复合材料目前还未形成完整的产业链,但未来有广阔的发展空间。文章的分析为新能源汽车零部件的选材提供了依据和指引方向。

Zr基非晶破片对碳纤维复合靶及后效铝靶的侵彻试验研究

Zr基非晶破片是一种新兴的活性高效毁伤元,其着靶速度达到一定阈值时会发生燃烧反应并破碎,从而大幅提高其后效毁伤能力。为研究Zr基非晶破片对碳纤维增强复合材料的侵彻破坏机理及后效毁伤能力,利用弹道枪加载球形破片,分别以496.4~1 085.8 m/s、571.4~1 103.9 m/s的速度范围撞击8和6 mm厚的碳纤维复合靶,并布置2 mm厚LY12铝靶板作为后效靶,以比较破片在不同工况下的后效毁伤能力。实验结果表明:碳纤维靶受活性破片冲击时,其迎弹面的破坏形式主要是压缩失效与剪切失效的耦合破坏,其背弹面的破坏形式主要是拉伸失效破坏与层间的脱粘分裂;随着破片着靶速度的提高,碳纤维靶板的压剪耦合破坏比例逐渐增加,拉伸断裂与分层现象逐渐减弱;破片对于8和6 mm厚碳纤维靶的弹道极限速度分别为351.9、264.6 m/s;相同着靶速度下,8 mm厚碳纤维靶的后效毁伤面积大于6 mm厚碳纤维靶的后效毁伤面积,两者之间的差异随着着靶速度的提高而逐渐减小;破片冲击等厚度碳纤维靶时,破片的后效毁伤能力随着靶速度的提高而增强。

纤维增强复合材料在土建结构加固工程中的应用

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)具有施工方便、力学性能高和耐候性好等优势,在土建结构加固中具有广泛应用前景。在介绍FRP基本概念和应用特点的基础上,从混凝土结构加固、钢结构加固及桥梁加固等方面综述其在土建结构加固中的具体应用,并对FRP在土建结构加固应用中的研究进行了展望,以期为FRP在土建结构加固中的应用提供参考。

硬质合金涂层刀具车削GFRP的切削力研究

研究了硬质合金涂层刀具车削玻璃纤维增强复合材料时,切削用量对切削力的影响,并通过正交试验建立了切削力经验公式。结果表明:切削速度引起的树脂软化对切削力的影响较大,切削分力随切削速度的增加先减后增,但切削速度由243 m/min增至342 m/min时,切削力变化趋于平缓;切削力随进给量和背吃刀量的增加而增大,但在进给量为0.05 mm/r时,由于涂层刀具刃口的挤压作用,轴向切削力反而较大。正交试验和极差分析表明,背吃刀量对切削合力及各切削分力的影响最大,切削速度对切削合力及轴向分力Fx和径向分力Fy的影响次之,进给量对主切削力Fz的影响较切削速度大。

基于玄武岩纤维的功能化复合材料的研究进展

玄武岩纤维(BF)作为一种低成本、高性能的天然纤维已被列为21世纪中国新兴战略资源,也是制备先进复合材料的基础。在玄武岩纤维的实际应用中,纤维自身的性能以及在复合材料中的界面行为等是影响最终制品性能的关键因素。本文阐述了BF的化学组成,并探讨了组成对BF力学性能的影响。重点关注了BF的应用,详细介绍了BF的表面改性及力学增强。此外,从纤维的表面功能化改性、第三相功能粒子的添加以及BF自身性能的应用等几个方面总结了BF在电磁波防护、水处理、催化、抗菌及能源领域的研究进展。最后指出了BF复合材料目前存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究方向做出展望。

W纤维增强Zr基非晶复合材料的界面研究现状

评述了W纤维增强Zr非晶合金复合材料的界面润湿行为、界面反应和残余应力等研究现状,分析了影响复合材料界面的因素,讨论了控制和优化界面特性的途径和方法。

冰球和钨珠非正冲击下T800-CFRP层合板损伤特性的研究

通过试验和仿真相结合的方法研究了T800碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)层合板在冰球和钨珠非正冲击作用下的损伤特性。首先开展了冰球和钨珠在给定工况下高速撞击T800-CFRP层合板试验,以此对仿真模型的有效性进行验证;然后讨论了T800-CFRP层合板在两种冲击体以不同冲击能量与冲击角度作用下的损伤特性及其差异性。研究表明:钨珠在冲击能量较低时就能对层合板造成穿孔损伤,但随着冲击能量增大层合板的损伤程度呈下降趋势;冰球对层合板造成损伤的冲击能量阈值与钨珠的相比要高很多,且随着冲击能量的增加损伤程度明显加剧;钨珠在冲击角度为45°和60°时造成的损伤与正冲击的情况相比要更加严重,而冲击角度为30°时造成的损伤却小于正冲击的情况;冰球冲击时,层合板的损伤程度随冲击角度的增加而减小。该研究有助于深化对T800-CFRP层合板在冲击载荷作用下的损伤与破坏行为的认识,具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。