The Effect of Using Nano ZrO₂on the Properties of W-ZrC Composite Fabricated through Reaction Sintering

To fabricate W-ZrC composite through reaction sintering at first WC and ZrO2 powders with molar ratio of 3-1 are ball milled, then the green body made from this mixture is sintered. Since reactivity is the main problem in sintering of mironized powders the starting ZrO2 powder is selected in nano size to see whether the reaction improves. The XRD pattern indicates that W-ZrC composite has been formed, although some unreacted compounds still exist and some unwanted components have been created. In the case of using nano powders the amount of unreacted WC and ZrO2 phases and unwanted W2C phase reduces and the reaction progresses better. Additionally by using nano powders the reaction progressed and the mechanical proprieties including density, hardness, Elastic modulus and Flexural strength improved.

Effect of ZrC-SiC content on microstructure and ablation properties of C/C composites

C/C-ZrC-SiC composites with different ZrC-SiC contents were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis. The effect of ceramic content on the microstructure and ablation resistance was investigated. Both the C/C-SiC and C/C-ZrC-SiC composites exhibited good ablation resistance under the plasma flame above 2300℃. Withtheincreaseof ZrC content, a continuous oxide layer and a solid Zr-Si-O mesophase were formed during the ablation. And the structure of the formed oxides layer closely linked with the contents of ZrC-SiC ceramics. The solid ZrO2-ZrC and Zr-Si-O mesophase could increase the viscosity of SiO2 moderately and improve the anti-scouring ability. The continuous SiO2-ZrO2-ZrC-SiC layer would serve as a thermal and oxygen barrier for preventing the substratefrom further ablation. The C/C-ZrC-SiC composites with 27.2%ZrC and 7.56%SiC shows superior ablation resistance, and the mass and linear ablation rates are-3.51 mg/s and-1.88 μm/s, respectively.

Pyrolysis mechanism of ZrC precursor and fabrication of C/C-ZrC composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

C/C-ZrC composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis using the organic zirconium as precursor.The conversion mechanisms of the precursors such as the thermal behavior,structural evolution,phase composition,microstructure,composition of the precursors and products were analyzed by thermal gravimetric analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope.The results indicate that the ZrC precursor transforms to inorganic ZrO2 from room temperature to 1200 ℃,then reduces to ZrC at 1600 ℃ through the carbothermal reduction reaction.The microstructure of the C/C-ZrC composites was also investigated.The composites exhibit an interesting structure,a coating composed of ZrC ceramic covers the exterior of the composite,and the ZrC ceramic is embedded in the pores of the matrix inside the composite.

Properties of W/DLC/W-S-C composite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering

A kind of W/DLC/W-S-C composite film was fabricated by magnetron sputtering method.Effects of WSx content on the structure and the adhesion of the composite films were investigated.In addition,tribological behavior of the composite films was studied in the conditions of the ambient air and N2 gas atmosphere by ball-on-disk tester.The results indicate that the composite films show dense and amorphous microstructure.The WCx and WSx compounds are found in amorphous diamond like carbon matrix in the top layers of W-S-C.A proper WSx content is beneficial for improving the adhesion of the composite films.In air atmosphere,the composite films with high C content have better wear resistance and the friction coefficients range from 0.15 to 0.25.In N2 condition,high WSx content is benefit for the wear resistance and the friction coefficients of the composite films range from 0.03 to 0.1.

三维互穿结构Cu-W触头抗熔焊机理

触头闭合回跳电弧引起的开关电器动熔焊问题,直接影响大功率接触器的电寿命和可靠性。为此设计了2种三维互穿有序结构的四边形和菱形十二面体的Cu-W复合材料触头,围绕触头动熔焊过程中的电弧、熔池、液滴溅射及凝固相变降温等问题,建立触头熔池流体动力学模型和冷凝降温数学模型,研究了2种有序结构和商用无序结构的触头阳极在闭合回跳电弧作用下熔化温度分布、熔池喷溅形貌和接触区域金属凝固过程,通过模拟熔焊实验平台进行了熔焊力验证。结果表明,通过调节三维互穿有序W骨架结构,能够有效抑制熔池扩散和液态金属喷溅,并降低熔焊力,从而提高Cu-W复合材料的抗熔焊性能。

结构钢电沉积Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层及其性能研究

选择CeO_(2)颗粒作为复合相,利用电沉积技术在普通结构钢表面制备出Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层,并研究镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度对复合镀层的微观形貌、化学成分、结合力、硬度、耐磨性能以及高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层与基体结合牢固,表面分布着类似胞状的晶粒团聚体,其化学成分为Co、W、Ce和O元素。随着镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度从2 g/L升高到15 g/L,复合镀层的晶粒团聚体尺寸差异先减小后增大,吸附在晶粒团聚体表面及边界处的CeO_(2)颗粒量先增多后减少,导致复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性能和高温抗氧化性能都呈先增强后下降的趋势。当镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度为8g/L时,Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层的晶粒团聚体大小较为均匀,具有良好的致密性,其表面粗糙度仅为0.39μm。该复合镀层的硬度较Co-W合金镀层增大约76 HV,表现出良好的耐磨性能和高温抗氧化性能,摩擦系数和氧化增重量仅为0.43和0.74mg/cm^(2)。

Preparation of nanosized W/Cu composite powder by sol-gel technique

Cu(NO3)(2) and (NH4)(6)H(2)W(12)O(40)center dot 4H(2)O were used to prepare W/Cu nanosized composite powder by sol-gel technique. The influences of heat treatment process, pH value of the solution and the amount of an addition agent on particle size were investigated by DSC, XRD and TEM. The results show that, at a certain heat treatment temperature, the W/Cu nanoparticle size increases with the pH value or the amount of the addition agent increasing.

MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

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Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

Immersion experiment results show that corrosion rate of the as deposited RE Ni W P SiC composite coating in HCl solutions increases with the rise of HCl concentration. On the contrary, the corrosion rate of the composite coating after heat treatment decreases with increasing HCl concentration. The corrosion rates of the composite coatings in as deposited state and after heat treatment in H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 solutions respectively decrease with the rise of H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 concentrations. The corrosion rate of the composite coating as deposited in FeCl 3 solutions decreases with increasing FeCl 3 concentration, while the rate of the composite coating after heat treatment increases with the rise of FeCl 3 concentration. The corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions at different concentrations increases with rising concentration. In addition, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions respectively is much greater than that of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating as deposited and after heat treatment in the same corrosion media. [

Effects of addition of rare earth on properties and structures of Ni-W-B-SiC composite coatings

The effects of rare earth (RE) on the composition, phase structures, surface morphologies and hardness of electrodeposited RE Ni W B SiC composite coatings were discussed. The results show that W and SiC contents in the coatings increase with the increase of RE in the bath. When RE is added in the coatings, the grains are refined and the trend of formation of amorphous coatings is increased. Moreover, the thermal stability of the RE Ni W B SiC composite coatings is enhanced. The hardness of the coatings is increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature, and it reaches the peak value when heated at 400 ℃. Besides, the hardness of the RE Ni W B SiC coatings is higher than that of the Ni W B SiC coatings.

Microstructure of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

The components and microstructure of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating were analyzed by means of EPXDS, SEM and XRD. The results showed that the composite coating containing 5%～14%RE, 4%～7%SiC, 12%～15%P and 5%～6%W was obtained by use of appropriate bath composition and plating conditions. The as deposited composite coating is amorphous and it becomes mixture when the temperature is raised from 200 ℃ to 400 ℃. However, the composite coating is crystal when the temperature is over 400 ℃. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that the heat treatment temperature has no effect on the surface morphologies of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating. This is to say that the composite coating has a better heat stability of microstructure and high temperature oxidation.

SiC-ZrC复相超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料的研究进展

SiC-ZrC复相超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料的制备工艺原理与单一陶瓷相改性C/C复合材料的工艺原理基本相同,但SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷具有耐高温、温域宽(1600~2500℃)、抗氧化、工艺适应性好等优点,在测试和应用中表现出优异的力学性能和抗烧蚀性能,能够有效填补目前高温段热防护材料的空缺,因此已经成为C/C复合材料基体掺杂改性的重要选择,在航天飞行器防热领域极具应用潜力。本文针对C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的发展潜力和应用空间,从制备工艺、结构特征以及性能特点三个方面综述了C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料当前的研究进展,分析了制备工艺对复合材料微结构和性能的影响规律,提出了基于工程应用C/C-SiC-ZrC防热材料的发展建议。

纳米W-Cu复合粉体制备的研究进展

W-Cu复合材料结合了W、Cu金属各自优良性能,具有良好的高温强度、延展性、抗电弧烧结性、耐高温氧化和低膨胀系数等特点,广泛应用于机械加工、国防工业、航空航天、电子信息、军事等领域。以超细纳米W-Cu复合粉体为原材料是制备出性能优越的W-Cu复合材料的主要途径之一,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。主要总结了W-Cu超细纳米复合粉体的制备方法,如机械合金化法、化学共沉淀法、水热合成-共还原法、喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法、冷冻-干燥法、燃烧法等,并通过分析现阶段制备W-Cu纳米复合粉体存在的问题,提出了未来该领域的研究方向。

Effect of rare earth La_2O_3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/W composites

In this study, La2O3 was investigated as an additive to TiC/W composites. The composites were prepared by vacuum hot pressing, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Experimental results show that the grain size of the TiC/W composites is reduced by TiC particles. When 0.5 wt.% La2O3 is added to the composites, the grain size is reduced further. According to TEM analysis, La2O3 can alleviate the aggregation of TiC particles. With La2O3 addition, the relative density of the TiC/W composites can be improved from 95.1% to 96.5%. The hardness and elastic modulus of the TiC/W ＋ 0.5 wt.% La2O3 composite are little improved, but the flexural strength and the fracture toughness increase to 796 MPa and 10.07 MPa·m^1/2 respectively, which are higher than those of the TiC/W composites.

Evolution of microstructure and electromagnetic interference shielding performance during the ZrC precursor thermal decomposition process

A polymer-derived ZrC ceramic with excellent electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance was developed to meet ultra-high temperature requirements.The thermal decomposition process of ZrC organic precursor was studied to reveal the evolution of phase composition,microstructure,and EMI shielding performance.Furthermore,the carbothermal reduction reaction occurred at 1300℃,and the transition from ZrO_(2) to ZrC was completed at 1700℃.With the increase in the annealing temperature,the tetragonal zirconia gradually transformed into monoclinic zirconia,and the transition was completed at the annealing temperature of 1500℃ due to the consumption of a large amount of the carbon phase.The average total shielding effectiveness values were 11.63,22.67,22.91,22.81,and 34.73 dB when the polymerderived ZrC was annealed at 900,1100,1300,1500,and 1700℃,respectively.During the thermal decomposition process,the graphitization degree and phase distribution of free carbon played a dominant role in the shielding performance.The typical core–shell structure composed of carbon and ZrC can be formed at the annealing temperature of 1700℃,which results in excellent shielding performance.

HfO_(2)掺杂对湿化学法制备W-20Cu复合材料微观组织和性能的影响

采用湿化学法制备W-20Cu复合粉体,通过喷雾干燥法得到球壳状前驱体,再通过氢气还原成功将弥散分布的HfO_(2)第二相颗粒引入W-20Cu复合粉体,确定了引入的HfO_(2)在W-20Cu复合粉体中的存在形式以及分布状态。采用高温液相烧结制备了细小HfO_(2)颗粒均匀分布的W-20Cu复合材料。结果表明:由于HfO_(2)颗粒在W颗粒表面和W/Cu界面间隙中弥散分布,抑制了W颗粒在烧结过程中的粗化,从而降低了W-W的连通性,使得W-20Cu复合材料表现出较高的综合性能。其中,烧结温度在1350℃时,块体的致密度较高,均为97%,掺杂0.5%HfO_(2)制备得到的复合材料综合性能最佳,其硬度最大可达到338HV,抗弯强度为826 MPa,热导率为209 W/(m·K)。

选区激光熔化成形2%TiB_(w)/TA15复合材料的显微组织与性能

本文通过选区激光熔化成形技术(Selective laser melting,SLM)制备原位自生2%(体积分数)TiB_(w)/TA15钛基复合材料,探究激光功率和扫描速率对该复合材料的显微组织和室温/高温力学性能的影响规律,并揭示其强化机理。结果表明:SLM-2%TiB_(w)/TA15复合材料中存在孔隙缺陷,其数量随激光功率的降低和扫描速率的增大而增加。该复合材料基体由一定生长方向的原始柱状β晶和细小层片状α相组成,TiB晶须呈弥散分布;其抗拉强度随激光功率的增大而减小,随扫描速率的增大而增大,最高室温抗拉强度为1337.8 MPa,与SLM-TA15合金相比提高了15.1%;600℃抗拉强度最高值为651.1 MPa,与SLM-TA15合金相比提高了10.1%。复合材料的维氏硬度最高为403.21HV,显著高于SLM-TA15合金(345.3HV)。该复合材料强度提升的主要强化机制为载荷传递强化、热错配强化和细晶强化。

PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED AMORPHOUS Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The Effects of heat treatment temperature on the hardness,wear resistance and structure of the amorphous Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been investigated.The results show that Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are amorphous under 300℃, partially crystalline at 300-400℃,and crystalline when heat treatment temperature reaches 400℃,the crystals being fine Ni3P phase particles.The hardness,wear resistance and the crystallization temperature of the composite coatings increase when an additive is added into the bath.The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings increase with increasing heat treatment temperature,and they will reach their peak values when the heat treatment temperature reaches 400℃.Corrosion experiment indicates that the corrosion resistance of amorphous Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings in various kinds of corrosive media except nitric acid is better than that of stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti.Scanning electron microscopy observation shows that the additive has no effect on the surface appearance of the coatings,but the current density and the pH value have considerable effects on the surface appearance.

Structure and characteristics of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-B_4C-PTFE composite coatings

Hardness, friction and wear characteristics of electrodeposited RE Ni W P B 4C PTFE composite coatings were studied, and the reason for these fine characteristics was explained in respect of structure. The results show that 1) the structure of RE Ni W P B 4C PTFE composite coatings experiences a transformation process from amorphous to mixture then to crystal as the heat treatment temperature rises; 2) incorporating of B 4C greatly increases the hardness of the coating; 3) the wear resistance of the coating is best with heat treatment for 1?h at 300?℃, which is greatly superior to that of the other traditional coatings.

W-Cu复合材料的应用现状及掺杂改性的研究进展

W-Cu复合材料因具有高的硬度、耐磨性、抗烧蚀性能、导电性和导热性以及低热膨胀系数等综合性能而被广泛应用于多种工业领域。本文介绍了W-Cu复合材料的最新研究进展及其在电触头、微电子、军事、功能梯度材料方面的应用现状,着重总结和分析了目前W-Cu复合材料掺杂改性的分类及原理,以及掺杂改性对材料性能的影响,最后提出了W-Cu复合材料未来发展的潜在问题和值得关注的研究方向。