Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity re...Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation.However,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales.This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple comparisons.The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number.Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth.Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body size.These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch sizes.This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.展开更多
Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection...Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.展开更多
To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is...To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is developed.The procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric coordinates.For an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress specimen.Using Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.展开更多
BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has emerged as a promising alternative compared to conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(LATG)for treating gastric cancer(GC).However,evidenc...BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has emerged as a promising alternative compared to conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(LATG)for treating gastric cancer(GC).However,evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of NOSES for GC surgery is limited.This study aimed to compare the safety and feasibility,in addition to postoperative complications of NOSES and LATG.METHODS Dual circular staplers were used in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction for transvaginal specimen extraction LATG,and its outcomes were compared with LATG in a cohort of 51 GC patients with tumor size≤5 cm.The study was conducted from May 2018 to September 2020,and patients were categorized into the NOSES group(n=22)and LATG group(n=29).Perioperative parameters were compared and analyzed,including patient and tumor characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and anastomosis-related complications,postoperative hospital stay,the length of abdominal incision,difference in tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival.RESULTS Postoperative exhaust time,operation duration,mean postoperative hospital stay,length of abdominal incision,number of specific staplers used,and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire score were significant in both groups(P<0.01).In the NOSES group,the postoperative time to first flatus,mean postoperative hospital stay,and length of abdominal incision were significantly shorter than those in the LATG group.Patients in the NOSES group had faster postoperative recovery,and achieved abdominal minimally invasive incision that met aesthetic requirements.There were no significant differences in gender,age,tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival between the two groups.CONCLUSION The application of dual circular staplers in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction combined with NOSES gastrectomy is safe and convenient.This approach offers better short-term outcomes compared to LATG,while long-term survival rates are comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic surgery.展开更多
Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (ISCC) of α-brass in neutral Mattsson's solution was found to be controlled by an unusual 'W'-shaped galvanic cell whose cathode is the grain boundary oxide film (G...Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (ISCC) of α-brass in neutral Mattsson's solution was found to be controlled by an unusual 'W'-shaped galvanic cell whose cathode is the grain boundary oxide film (G.B.0. film) and surface film and the anode is fresh metal at the cracked tip on both sides of the G.B.0. film. Redox reactions involved in the cell have been proposed here. According to this mdel, initidtion of ISCC is caused by the rupturing of surface film along grain boundaries, thus forming a galvanic cell. Propagation of ISCC resulted from alternate advances of G.B.0. film and dissolution on both sides of G.B.0. film caused by the effect of electrochemical reaction. This work developed an effective approach to investigate the embrittlement process at the tip of the crack, by increasing the length of the embrittlement region through constant strain test and distinguishing the morphology and the nature of the corrosion products by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEH).展开更多
BACKGROUND Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method(R-NOSES I-F)is a novel minimally invasive surgical strategy for the treatment of lower rectal cancer.However,the curre...BACKGROUND Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method(R-NOSES I-F)is a novel minimally invasive surgical strategy for the treatment of lower rectal cancer.However,the current literature on this method is limited to case reports,and further investigation into its safety and feasibility is warranted.AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of R-NOSES I-F for the treatment of low rectal cancer.METHODS From September 2018 to February 2022,206 patients diagnosed with low rectal cancer at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were included in this retrospective analysis.Of these patients,22 underwent R-NOSES I-F surgery(RNOSES I-F group)and 76 underwent conventional robotic-assisted low rectal cancer resection(RLRC group).Clinicopathological data of all patients were collected and analyzed.Postoperative outcomes and prognoses were compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.RESULTS Patients in the R-NOSES I-F group had a significantly lower visual analog score for pain on postoperative day 1(1.7±0.7 vs 2.2±0.6,P=0.003)and shorter postoperative anal venting time(2.7±0.6 vs 3.5±0.7,P<0.001)than those in the RLRC group.There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,age,body mass index,tumor size,TNM stage,operative time,intrao-perative bleeding,postoperative complications,or inflammatory response(P>0.05).Postoperative anal and urinary functions,as assessed by Wexner,low anterior resection syndrome,and International Prostate Symptom Scale scores,were similar in both groups(P>0.05).Long-term follow-up revealed no significant differences in the rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION R-NOSES I-F is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lower rectal cancer.It improves pain relief,promotes gastrointestinal function recovery,and helps avoid incision-related complications.展开更多
This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) method using W- shaped light sheet and color PIV with a digital SLR camera. The uncertainty of the velocity measurement was also studied an...This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) method using W- shaped light sheet and color PIV with a digital SLR camera. The uncertainty of the velocity measurement was also studied and it was acceptable. The spatial resolution of the z-direction has much room for improvement by increasing the number of cameras. When applied to the velocity distribution measurement of a thermal vertical buoyant plume, the proposed 3D PIV method is found to be very effective for studying thermal structures and well suited for measuring the airflow velocity field.展开更多
To explore ways to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of samples in the micrometer to nanometer range of magnitudes,we adopted analytical transmission electron microscopy(AEM/EDS)for qualitative and quantit...To explore ways to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of samples in the micrometer to nanometer range of magnitudes,we adopted analytical transmission electron microscopy(AEM/EDS)for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrite materials.Additionally,the k factor of pyrite is calculated experimentally.To develop an appropriate non-standard quantitative analysis model for pyrite materials,the experimentally calculated k factor is compared with that estimated from the non-standard quantitative analytical model of the instrument software.The experimental findings demonstrate that the EDS attached to a TEM can be employed for precise quantitative analysis of micro-and nanoscale regions of pyrite materials.Furthermore,it serves as a reference for improving the results of the EDS quantitative analysis of other sulfides.展开更多
The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspec...The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspection.The results showed that there were 1488 samples of rejected specimens and the non-conforming rate was 0.58%.The departments involved were mainly the Emergency Department,the Hematology Department,the Cardiology Department,the Intensive Care Department,and the Brain Surgery Department.Among the reasons for rejection,blood hemolysis accounted for 43.15%,blood coagulation accounted for 26.61%,and the rate of insufficient specimens was 17.14%.Among them,the sample rejection rate for arterial blood gas analysis was the highest,which accounted for 1.74%;followed by specimens for coagulation test,which was 1.18%.These results indicate the main reason for producing rejected specimens is mainly due to not following the standard operating procedure.Specimen rejection can largely be avoided if the standards for specimen collection are strictly followed.展开更多
为研究高应力围岩扰动破坏机制,开展了不同围压下类岩石试件的三轴常规压缩和三轴循环扰动试验,得到了试件的扰动应力–应变规律和变形破坏特征,并对试件开展了核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)成像试验,从微观角度进一步阐明了试...为研究高应力围岩扰动破坏机制,开展了不同围压下类岩石试件的三轴常规压缩和三轴循环扰动试验,得到了试件的扰动应力–应变规律和变形破坏特征,并对试件开展了核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)成像试验,从微观角度进一步阐明了试件扰动破坏机理。研究结果表明:(1)试件在不同围压下均存在一个阈值强度,轴向荷载超过阈值强度后,轴向变形对扰动变得敏感,再次施加扰动会引起试件显著变形,当轴向荷载低于阈值强度时,变形对扰动不敏感。阈值强度与极限强度的比值可以反映试件的抗扰动能力,随着围压增大,该比值呈现逐步递减的规律,说明高围压下试件抗扰动能力下降,对扰动作用更敏感。(2)扰动作用下类岩石试件存在弱化效应,如常规三轴10MPa围压下试件表现出腰鼓破坏,而受扰动作用后,试件呈现斜切脆性破坏,与常规三轴5MPa围压下破坏形态相近。(3)岩石试件在高应力作用下进入塑性流动状态,内部颗粒重新排列,内部小孔隙与大孔隙的占比减少,而中孔隙的占比显著增多,试件内部孔隙率整体降低。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2023JQ01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607103)+2 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2022ZY0224)the Open Project Program of’Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau(KF2023003)’the Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Monitoring,Assessment and Early Warning Technology Research of Biodiversity in Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011)。
文摘Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation.However,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales.This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple comparisons.The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number.Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth.Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body size.These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch sizes.This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2023JQ01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607103)+2 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2022ZY0224)the Open Project Program of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China(KF2023003)Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Monitoring,Assessment and Early Warning Technology Research of Biodiversity in Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011)for financial support.
文摘Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.
基金Financial support provided by Correlated Solutions Incorporated to perform StereoDIC experimentsthe Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Carolina for simulation studies is deeply appreciated.
文摘To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is developed.The procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric coordinates.For an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress specimen.Using Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.
文摘BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has emerged as a promising alternative compared to conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(LATG)for treating gastric cancer(GC).However,evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of NOSES for GC surgery is limited.This study aimed to compare the safety and feasibility,in addition to postoperative complications of NOSES and LATG.METHODS Dual circular staplers were used in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction for transvaginal specimen extraction LATG,and its outcomes were compared with LATG in a cohort of 51 GC patients with tumor size≤5 cm.The study was conducted from May 2018 to September 2020,and patients were categorized into the NOSES group(n=22)and LATG group(n=29).Perioperative parameters were compared and analyzed,including patient and tumor characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and anastomosis-related complications,postoperative hospital stay,the length of abdominal incision,difference in tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival.RESULTS Postoperative exhaust time,operation duration,mean postoperative hospital stay,length of abdominal incision,number of specific staplers used,and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire score were significant in both groups(P<0.01).In the NOSES group,the postoperative time to first flatus,mean postoperative hospital stay,and length of abdominal incision were significantly shorter than those in the LATG group.Patients in the NOSES group had faster postoperative recovery,and achieved abdominal minimally invasive incision that met aesthetic requirements.There were no significant differences in gender,age,tumor type,postoperative complications,and postoperative survival between the two groups.CONCLUSION The application of dual circular staplers in Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction combined with NOSES gastrectomy is safe and convenient.This approach offers better short-term outcomes compared to LATG,while long-term survival rates are comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic surgery.
文摘Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (ISCC) of α-brass in neutral Mattsson's solution was found to be controlled by an unusual 'W'-shaped galvanic cell whose cathode is the grain boundary oxide film (G.B.0. film) and surface film and the anode is fresh metal at the cracked tip on both sides of the G.B.0. film. Redox reactions involved in the cell have been proposed here. According to this mdel, initidtion of ISCC is caused by the rupturing of surface film along grain boundaries, thus forming a galvanic cell. Propagation of ISCC resulted from alternate advances of G.B.0. film and dissolution on both sides of G.B.0. film caused by the effect of electrochemical reaction. This work developed an effective approach to investigate the embrittlement process at the tip of the crack, by increasing the length of the embrittlement region through constant strain test and distinguishing the morphology and the nature of the corrosion products by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEH).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860519.
文摘BACKGROUND Robotic resection using the natural orifice specimen extraction surgery I-type F method(R-NOSES I-F)is a novel minimally invasive surgical strategy for the treatment of lower rectal cancer.However,the current literature on this method is limited to case reports,and further investigation into its safety and feasibility is warranted.AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of R-NOSES I-F for the treatment of low rectal cancer.METHODS From September 2018 to February 2022,206 patients diagnosed with low rectal cancer at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were included in this retrospective analysis.Of these patients,22 underwent R-NOSES I-F surgery(RNOSES I-F group)and 76 underwent conventional robotic-assisted low rectal cancer resection(RLRC group).Clinicopathological data of all patients were collected and analyzed.Postoperative outcomes and prognoses were compared between the two groups.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.RESULTS Patients in the R-NOSES I-F group had a significantly lower visual analog score for pain on postoperative day 1(1.7±0.7 vs 2.2±0.6,P=0.003)and shorter postoperative anal venting time(2.7±0.6 vs 3.5±0.7,P<0.001)than those in the RLRC group.There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,age,body mass index,tumor size,TNM stage,operative time,intrao-perative bleeding,postoperative complications,or inflammatory response(P>0.05).Postoperative anal and urinary functions,as assessed by Wexner,low anterior resection syndrome,and International Prostate Symptom Scale scores,were similar in both groups(P>0.05).Long-term follow-up revealed no significant differences in the rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION R-NOSES I-F is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lower rectal cancer.It improves pain relief,promotes gastrointestinal function recovery,and helps avoid incision-related complications.
文摘This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) method using W- shaped light sheet and color PIV with a digital SLR camera. The uncertainty of the velocity measurement was also studied and it was acceptable. The spatial resolution of the z-direction has much room for improvement by increasing the number of cameras. When applied to the velocity distribution measurement of a thermal vertical buoyant plume, the proposed 3D PIV method is found to be very effective for studying thermal structures and well suited for measuring the airflow velocity field.
基金Funded by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of Hubei Province of China(No.2022EHB024)。
文摘To explore ways to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of samples in the micrometer to nanometer range of magnitudes,we adopted analytical transmission electron microscopy(AEM/EDS)for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrite materials.Additionally,the k factor of pyrite is calculated experimentally.To develop an appropriate non-standard quantitative analysis model for pyrite materials,the experimentally calculated k factor is compared with that estimated from the non-standard quantitative analytical model of the instrument software.The experimental findings demonstrate that the EDS attached to a TEM can be employed for precise quantitative analysis of micro-and nanoscale regions of pyrite materials.Furthermore,it serves as a reference for improving the results of the EDS quantitative analysis of other sulfides.
文摘The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspection.The results showed that there were 1488 samples of rejected specimens and the non-conforming rate was 0.58%.The departments involved were mainly the Emergency Department,the Hematology Department,the Cardiology Department,the Intensive Care Department,and the Brain Surgery Department.Among the reasons for rejection,blood hemolysis accounted for 43.15%,blood coagulation accounted for 26.61%,and the rate of insufficient specimens was 17.14%.Among them,the sample rejection rate for arterial blood gas analysis was the highest,which accounted for 1.74%;followed by specimens for coagulation test,which was 1.18%.These results indicate the main reason for producing rejected specimens is mainly due to not following the standard operating procedure.Specimen rejection can largely be avoided if the standards for specimen collection are strictly followed.
文摘为研究高应力围岩扰动破坏机制,开展了不同围压下类岩石试件的三轴常规压缩和三轴循环扰动试验,得到了试件的扰动应力–应变规律和变形破坏特征,并对试件开展了核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)成像试验,从微观角度进一步阐明了试件扰动破坏机理。研究结果表明:(1)试件在不同围压下均存在一个阈值强度,轴向荷载超过阈值强度后,轴向变形对扰动变得敏感,再次施加扰动会引起试件显著变形,当轴向荷载低于阈值强度时,变形对扰动不敏感。阈值强度与极限强度的比值可以反映试件的抗扰动能力,随着围压增大,该比值呈现逐步递减的规律,说明高围压下试件抗扰动能力下降,对扰动作用更敏感。(2)扰动作用下类岩石试件存在弱化效应,如常规三轴10MPa围压下试件表现出腰鼓破坏,而受扰动作用后,试件呈现斜切脆性破坏,与常规三轴5MPa围压下破坏形态相近。(3)岩石试件在高应力作用下进入塑性流动状态,内部颗粒重新排列,内部小孔隙与大孔隙的占比减少,而中孔隙的占比显著增多,试件内部孔隙率整体降低。