The revival of qi theory in the middle Ming dynasty is crucial in the development of Confucianism.In this stage,Luo Qinshun,Wang Yangming,Wang Tingxiang,and LüNan discussed issues such as the relationship between...The revival of qi theory in the middle Ming dynasty is crucial in the development of Confucianism.In this stage,Luo Qinshun,Wang Yangming,Wang Tingxiang,and LüNan discussed issues such as the relationship between li(principle)and qi(vital energy),the relationship between xing(human nature)and qi,and gongfu(e ort)for the theory of qi. e multifaceted debates between them are relevant to the development of Neo-Confucianism and the issues of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing dynasties,demonstrating the features of mid-Ming Confucian theories of qi.A general survey of the four Confucian scholars’theories of qi,especially the transition from li–qi monism to the xing–qi connection,reveals that how to establish the unity between the universe and human nature in the theories of qi became a central concern of mid-Ming Confucianism.In addition,the gongfu for the theory of qi represented a new level of the holistic development of Ming Confucianism,though it su ered setbacks in its development.展开更多
Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in R...Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in Rome during the second century A.D. By comparing their religious criticisms and personal experiences, this paper uncovers the scale of intellectual liberty during the ancient Han era, a matter of interest and debate among historians. This paper argues that the intellectual liberty that Wang Chong enjoyed was very similar to that experienced by Lucian in ancient Rome as part of the Second Sophistic, and thus, this paper offers insights into the degree of freedom of thought enjoyed by intellectuals of the Eastern Han clynastv in China.展开更多
对原产湖北五峰的红花玉兰新变种多瓣红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisvar.multitepalaL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang)作了描述。新变种与红花玉兰原变种(M.wufengensisvar.wufengensis)花色相近,整个花被片内外均为红色,内面略淡。主要区别在于:...对原产湖北五峰的红花玉兰新变种多瓣红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisvar.multitepalaL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang)作了描述。新变种与红花玉兰原变种(M.wufengensisvar.wufengensis)花色相近,整个花被片内外均为红色,内面略淡。主要区别在于:新变种花被片12、15、18、24;花被片阔倒卵状匙形、倒卵状匙形或窄倒卵状匙形;花色浓淡不同植株间有深红、红、浅红之差别;自然状态下可育,蓇葖果发育良好。展开更多
描述了中国木兰科木兰属一新种———红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang),并绘了模式图。本种的主要特点是:落叶乔木,花被片9,近相等,整个花被片内外为均匀的红色,叶柄较长,叶片下面沿主脉密被白色柔毛,这些特征与武当...描述了中国木兰科木兰属一新种———红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang),并绘了模式图。本种的主要特点是:落叶乔木,花被片9,近相等,整个花被片内外为均匀的红色,叶柄较长,叶片下面沿主脉密被白色柔毛,这些特征与武当木兰(M.sprengeriPamp.)和玉兰(M.denudataDesr.)存在明显区别。展开更多
用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬〔Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.〕、土麦冬(Liriope spicataLour.)和阔叶土麦冬(L.platyphyllaWang et Tang)叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、...用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬〔Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.〕、土麦冬(Liriope spicataLour.)和阔叶土麦冬(L.platyphyllaWang et Tang)叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶片的下表皮,气孔密度分别为76.4、114.3和99.8个.mm-2;仅阔叶土麦冬叶片上表皮有少量气孔分布。3种植物的气孔器均不具有副卫细胞,并在叶脉间形成纵向气孔带。表皮细胞长方形,气孔带与非气孔带处表皮细胞的形态和大小差异较明显。麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁具明显瘤状突起,导致气孔下陷;土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁呈波浪状突起,使气孔相对下陷;阔叶土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁基本无突起,气孔不下陷。3种植物的叶表皮均有发达的角质层和丰富的蜡质,且蜡质主要分布于下表皮气孔带处。这些结构特征可能与它们所具有的喜阳、耐阴和耐旱等特性有一定的相关性。展开更多
基金This paper is a preliminary result of the research project Studies on Wang Tingxiang’s eory of Qi[王廷相气论思想研究],supported by National Social Science Fund of China in the later stage(Project No.19FZXB073)the project Studies on the eories of Qi in the Mid-and Late-Ming Dynasty and the Transition of Confucianism from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty[明代中后期气论思潮与明清儒学转型问题研究],supported by the 2018 Provincial Social Science Fund Youth Program of Hunan(Project No.18YBQ126).
文摘The revival of qi theory in the middle Ming dynasty is crucial in the development of Confucianism.In this stage,Luo Qinshun,Wang Yangming,Wang Tingxiang,and LüNan discussed issues such as the relationship between li(principle)and qi(vital energy),the relationship between xing(human nature)and qi,and gongfu(e ort)for the theory of qi. e multifaceted debates between them are relevant to the development of Neo-Confucianism and the issues of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing dynasties,demonstrating the features of mid-Ming Confucian theories of qi.A general survey of the four Confucian scholars’theories of qi,especially the transition from li–qi monism to the xing–qi connection,reveals that how to establish the unity between the universe and human nature in the theories of qi became a central concern of mid-Ming Confucianism.In addition,the gongfu for the theory of qi represented a new level of the holistic development of Ming Confucianism,though it su ered setbacks in its development.
文摘Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in Rome during the second century A.D. By comparing their religious criticisms and personal experiences, this paper uncovers the scale of intellectual liberty during the ancient Han era, a matter of interest and debate among historians. This paper argues that the intellectual liberty that Wang Chong enjoyed was very similar to that experienced by Lucian in ancient Rome as part of the Second Sophistic, and thus, this paper offers insights into the degree of freedom of thought enjoyed by intellectuals of the Eastern Han clynastv in China.
基金The key research program of State Forestry Administration of China(2006-39)
文摘对原产湖北五峰的红花玉兰新变种多瓣红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisvar.multitepalaL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang)作了描述。新变种与红花玉兰原变种(M.wufengensisvar.wufengensis)花色相近,整个花被片内外均为红色,内面略淡。主要区别在于:新变种花被片12、15、18、24;花被片阔倒卵状匙形、倒卵状匙形或窄倒卵状匙形;花色浓淡不同植株间有深红、红、浅红之差别;自然状态下可育,蓇葖果发育良好。
文摘描述了中国木兰科木兰属一新种———红花玉兰(Magnolia wufengensisL.Y.Ma et L.R.W ang),并绘了模式图。本种的主要特点是:落叶乔木,花被片9,近相等,整个花被片内外为均匀的红色,叶柄较长,叶片下面沿主脉密被白色柔毛,这些特征与武当木兰(M.sprengeriPamp.)和玉兰(M.denudataDesr.)存在明显区别。
文摘用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬〔Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.〕、土麦冬(Liriope spicataLour.)和阔叶土麦冬(L.platyphyllaWang et Tang)叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶片的下表皮,气孔密度分别为76.4、114.3和99.8个.mm-2;仅阔叶土麦冬叶片上表皮有少量气孔分布。3种植物的气孔器均不具有副卫细胞,并在叶脉间形成纵向气孔带。表皮细胞长方形,气孔带与非气孔带处表皮细胞的形态和大小差异较明显。麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁具明显瘤状突起,导致气孔下陷;土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁呈波浪状突起,使气孔相对下陷;阔叶土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁基本无突起,气孔不下陷。3种植物的叶表皮均有发达的角质层和丰富的蜡质,且蜡质主要分布于下表皮气孔带处。这些结构特征可能与它们所具有的喜阳、耐阴和耐旱等特性有一定的相关性。
