Brain size abnormality is correlated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in offspring.Genetic analysis indicates that heterozygous mutations of the WD repeat domain 62(WDR62)are associated with...Brain size abnormality is correlated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in offspring.Genetic analysis indicates that heterozygous mutations of the WD repeat domain 62(WDR62)are associated with ASD.However,biological evidence is still lacking.Our study showed that Wdr62 knockout(KO)led to reduced brain size with impaired learning and memory,as well as ASD-like behaviors in mice.Interestingly,Wdr62 Nex-cKO mice(depletion of WDR62 in differentiated neurons)had a largely normal brain size but with aberrant social interactions and repetitive behaviors.WDR62 regulated dendritic spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic transmission in cortical pyramidal neurons.Finally,we revealed that retinoic acid gavages significantly alleviated ASD-like behaviors in mice with WDR62 haploinsufficiency,probably by complementing the expression of ASD and synapse-related genes.Our findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the microcephaly gene WDR62 and ASD etiology that will benefit clinical diagnosis and intervention of ASD.展开更多
The autosomal recessive form of primary microcephaly(MCPH)is a rare disorder characterized by microcephaly with variable degree of intellectual disability.WDR62 has been reported as the second causative gene of MCPH2....The autosomal recessive form of primary microcephaly(MCPH)is a rare disorder characterized by microcephaly with variable degree of intellectual disability.WDR62 has been reported as the second causative gene of MCPH2.West syndrome is a severe epilepsy syndrome composed of the triad of spasms,hypsarrhythmia,and mental retardation.There are limited clinical reports regarding WDR62 mutation and West syndrome.Here we report a boy who was identified with WDR62 mutation and was followed up from age 3 months to 5 months and 14 days.He had the first seizure as the classic epileptic spasm at the age of 3 months.Psychomotor retardation was noted before the seizure occurred.The head circumference was 38.5 cm(SD 2.6)when he was 4 months old,no dysmorphic facial features were observed.He couldn’t support his head steadily or turn over.He was able to laugh when tricked by the parents,but couldn’t track the sound and light.At the early stage,the electroencephalogram showed multifocal discharges,which evolved into hypsarrhythmia one month later,and brain MRI showed developmental malformation of cerebral gyrus.Two heterozygous mutations were identified in WDR62 by whole exome sequencing c.1535G>A,p.R512Q and c.2618dupT,p.K874Qfs40.The patient was administrated with oral sodium valproate,nitrazepam,intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone for 2 weeks,and followed by prednisone,levetiracetam,topiramate and vigabatrin.However,there was no significant improvement on the seizure control after these treatments.According to the genetic report and clinical manifestation,we speculated that the WDR62 compound heterozygous mutation is responsible for the serious clinical phenotype.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970920,31921002,and 31430037).
文摘Brain size abnormality is correlated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in offspring.Genetic analysis indicates that heterozygous mutations of the WD repeat domain 62(WDR62)are associated with ASD.However,biological evidence is still lacking.Our study showed that Wdr62 knockout(KO)led to reduced brain size with impaired learning and memory,as well as ASD-like behaviors in mice.Interestingly,Wdr62 Nex-cKO mice(depletion of WDR62 in differentiated neurons)had a largely normal brain size but with aberrant social interactions and repetitive behaviors.WDR62 regulated dendritic spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic transmission in cortical pyramidal neurons.Finally,we revealed that retinoic acid gavages significantly alleviated ASD-like behaviors in mice with WDR62 haploinsufficiency,probably by complementing the expression of ASD and synapse-related genes.Our findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the microcephaly gene WDR62 and ASD etiology that will benefit clinical diagnosis and intervention of ASD.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology PlanningProject(JCYJ20160429180424783)Sanming Project of Medicine inShenzhen(SZSM 201812005).
文摘The autosomal recessive form of primary microcephaly(MCPH)is a rare disorder characterized by microcephaly with variable degree of intellectual disability.WDR62 has been reported as the second causative gene of MCPH2.West syndrome is a severe epilepsy syndrome composed of the triad of spasms,hypsarrhythmia,and mental retardation.There are limited clinical reports regarding WDR62 mutation and West syndrome.Here we report a boy who was identified with WDR62 mutation and was followed up from age 3 months to 5 months and 14 days.He had the first seizure as the classic epileptic spasm at the age of 3 months.Psychomotor retardation was noted before the seizure occurred.The head circumference was 38.5 cm(SD 2.6)when he was 4 months old,no dysmorphic facial features were observed.He couldn’t support his head steadily or turn over.He was able to laugh when tricked by the parents,but couldn’t track the sound and light.At the early stage,the electroencephalogram showed multifocal discharges,which evolved into hypsarrhythmia one month later,and brain MRI showed developmental malformation of cerebral gyrus.Two heterozygous mutations were identified in WDR62 by whole exome sequencing c.1535G>A,p.R512Q and c.2618dupT,p.K874Qfs40.The patient was administrated with oral sodium valproate,nitrazepam,intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone for 2 weeks,and followed by prednisone,levetiracetam,topiramate and vigabatrin.However,there was no significant improvement on the seizure control after these treatments.According to the genetic report and clinical manifestation,we speculated that the WDR62 compound heterozygous mutation is responsible for the serious clinical phenotype.
