Rainfall is triggered and mainly dominated by atmospheric thermo-dynamics and rich water vapor.Nonetheless, turbulence is also considered as an important factor influencing the evolution of rainfall microphysical para...Rainfall is triggered and mainly dominated by atmospheric thermo-dynamics and rich water vapor.Nonetheless, turbulence is also considered as an important factor influencing the evolution of rainfall microphysical parameters. To study such an influence, the present study utilized boundary layer wind profiler radar measurements. The separation point of the radar power spectral density data was carefully selected to classify rainfall and turbulence signals;the turbulent dissipation rate ε and rainfall microphysical parameters can be retrieved to analyze the relationship betweenε and microphysical parameters. According to the retrievals of two rainfall periods in Beijing 2016, it was observed that(1) ε in the precipitation area ranged from 10^(-3.5) to 10^(-1) m^(2) s^(-3) and was positively correlated with the falling velocity spectrum width;(2) interactions between turbulence and raindrops showed that small raindrops got enlarge through collision and coalescence in weak turbulence, but large raindrops broke up into small drops under strong turbulence, and the separation value of ε being weak or strong varied with rainfall attributes;(3) the variation of rainfall microphysical parameters(characteristic diameters, number concentration, rainfall intensity, and water content) in the middle stage were stronger than those in the early and the later stages of rainfall event;(4) unlike the obvious impacts on raindrop size and number concentration, turbulence impacts on rain rate and LWC were not significant because turbulence did not cause too much water vapor and heat exchange.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, ...[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, we analyzed two big rainstorm weather processes (8 -9 July and August 10) in Lianyungang City in 2012. [ Result] Rainstorm generation was related to favorable large-scale circulation situation. The first-stage precipitation during 8 -9 July was warm-zone precipitation, and the precipitation at the second stage was triggered by shear line. Precipitation on August 10 was generated by typhoon low-pressure inverted trough and cold air. Sufficient water vapor content and strong water vapor transportation were favorable for generation of the heavy precipitation. Suction effect by divergence at high layer and convergence at middle and low layers was favorable for maintenance of the strong ascending motion. Occurrence of the heavy precipitation must have ascending motion condition. But it was not that the stronger the ascending motion, the stronger the rainfall intensity. Kindex and θse500 -θse 850 were closely related to rainstorm occurrence. Horizontal wind data of the wind profile radar provided fine structure of the atmospheric horizontal motion at vertical direction, could clearly display vertical structure of the wind field in rainstorm process, and directly reflected change characteristics of the wind field in precipitation process. [ Conclusion] The research could provide reference for future forecast work.展开更多
To improve the level of meteorological service for the Oilfield region in the Taklimakan Desert, the Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) conducted a detection expe...To improve the level of meteorological service for the Oilfield region in the Taklimakan Desert, the Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) conducted a detection experiment by means of wind profiling radar (WPR) in Tazhong Oilfield region of Xinjiang, China in July 2010. By using the wind profiler data obtained during the rainfall process on 27 July, this paper analyzed the wind field fea- tures and some related scientific issues of this weather event. The results indicated that: (1) wind profiler data had high temporal resolution and vertical spatial resolution, and could be used to analyze detailed vertical structures of rainfall processes and the characteristics of meso-scale systems. Before and after the rain event on 27 July, the wind field showed multi-layer vertical structures, having an obvious meso-scale wind shear line and three airflows from different directions, speeding up the motion of updraft convergence in the lower atmosphere. Besides, the wind directions before and after the rainfall changed inversely with increasing height. Before the rain, the winds blew clockwise, but after the onset of the rain, the wind directions became counterclockwise mainly; (2) the temperature advection derived from wind profiler data can reproduce the characteristics of low-level thermodynamic evolution in the process of rainfall, which is capable to reflect the variation trend of hydrostatic stability in the atmosphere. In the early stage of the precipitation on 27 July, the lower atmosphere was mainly affected by warm advection which had accumulated unstable energy for the rainfall event and was beneficial for the occurrence of updraft motion and precipitation; (3) the "large-value zone" of the radar reflectivity factor Z was virtually consistent with the onset and end of the rainfall, the height for the formation of rain cloud particles, and precipitation intensity. The reflectivity factor Z during this event varied approximately in the range of 18-38 dBZ and the rain droplets formed mainly at the layer of 3,800-4,500 m.展开更多
Through the analysis of the target characteristics and according to the intermittent clutter bursting and short duration characteristics,a new method for the clutter recognition based on the fractional Fourier transf...Through the analysis of the target characteristics and according to the intermittent clutter bursting and short duration characteristics,a new method for the clutter recognition based on the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)is proposed.This method is predicated on the fact that the FRFT perfectly localizes a chirp signal as an impulse when the angle parameter of the transform matches the chirp rate of the chirp signal.The method involves detecting the presence of the intermittent clutter and correctly estimating its orientation in the time-frequency plane,removing the intermittent clutter in the fractional domain,and completing wind estimation by the power spectrum.By testing the artificial WPR-like signal and data measured from the field,we verify that the FRFT-based method is very effective.展开更多
Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experime...Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experimental area to quantitatively estimate the particle concentrations of sand-dust storms using the boundary layer wind-profiling radar. We thoroughly studied the radar echo signals and reflectivity factor features during the sand-dust storms. The results indicate that(1) under sand-dust storm conditions, boundary layer wind-profiling radar cannot capture the complete information regarding horizontal wind velocity and direction, but it can obtain the backscattering intensity of sand-dust storms; and(2) during sand-dust storms particle size distributions in the surface layer closely resemble log-normal distributions, with sand-dust particles sizes of 90–100 μm accounting for the maximum particle probability. Retrieved particle size distributions at heights of 600, 800, and 1000 m follow log-normal distributions, and the expected value of particle diameter decreases gradually with increasing height. From the perspective of orders of magnitude, the retrieved results for particle number concentrations and mass concentrations are consistent with previous aircraft-detected results, indicating that it is basically feasible to use boundary layer wind-profiling radar to quantitatively detect the particle concentrations of dust storms.展开更多
Horizontal wind measured by wind profiling radar(WPR) is based on uniform wind assumption in volume of lateral beam. However, this assumption cannot completely meet in the real atmosphere. The subject of this work is ...Horizontal wind measured by wind profiling radar(WPR) is based on uniform wind assumption in volume of lateral beam. However, this assumption cannot completely meet in the real atmosphere. The subject of this work is to analyze the influence of atmospheric inhomogeneities for wind measurement. Five-beam WPR can measure two groups of horizontal wind components U and V independently, using the difference of horizontal wind components U and V can evaluate the influence of the inhomogeneity of the atmospheric motion on wind measurement. The influences can be divided into both inhomogeneous distribution of horizontal motion and vertical motion. Based on wind measurements and meteorological background information, a new means of coordinate rotation the two kinds of inhomogeneous factor was separated, and the impact in different weather background was discussed. From analysis of the wind measured by type of PB-II WPR(445MHz) during 2012 at Yanqing of Beijing, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of horizontal motion is nearly the same in U and V direction. Both the inhomogeneities of horizontal motion and vertical motion have influence on wind measurement, and the degrees of both influences are associated with changes of wind speed. In clear air, inhomogeneity of horizontal motion is the main influence on wind measurement because of small vertical velocity.In precipitation, the two influences are larger than that in clear air.展开更多
The first troposphere wind profiling radar in China has been in operation. The paper describes the radar parameters and characteristics with some experimental results presented.
[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行...[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行分析。[结果]结果显示:在3 km高度范围内,测风激光雷达的数据获取率随高度递减至不足0.4,风廓线雷达的数据获取率则维持在0.98以上,具有更好的观测适应性;两种测风设备的风速、风向垂直廓线以及逐日、多日波动特征均具有一致性,并且能被再分析资料和高空气象站同期探空资料所验证。测风激光雷达观测结果的中位数、极差、标准差等统计特征与再分析资料更接近,相关性更好;风廓线雷达观测结果的极差和标准差整体偏大,测风精度不及测风激光雷达。[结论]文章研究表明,应根据项目所在地的气候状况,在空中风力发电站工程的不同设计阶段合理选择测风设备,科学设置测风方式。展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1506102)。
文摘Rainfall is triggered and mainly dominated by atmospheric thermo-dynamics and rich water vapor.Nonetheless, turbulence is also considered as an important factor influencing the evolution of rainfall microphysical parameters. To study such an influence, the present study utilized boundary layer wind profiler radar measurements. The separation point of the radar power spectral density data was carefully selected to classify rainfall and turbulence signals;the turbulent dissipation rate ε and rainfall microphysical parameters can be retrieved to analyze the relationship betweenε and microphysical parameters. According to the retrievals of two rainfall periods in Beijing 2016, it was observed that(1) ε in the precipitation area ranged from 10^(-3.5) to 10^(-1) m^(2) s^(-3) and was positively correlated with the falling velocity spectrum width;(2) interactions between turbulence and raindrops showed that small raindrops got enlarge through collision and coalescence in weak turbulence, but large raindrops broke up into small drops under strong turbulence, and the separation value of ε being weak or strong varied with rainfall attributes;(3) the variation of rainfall microphysical parameters(characteristic diameters, number concentration, rainfall intensity, and water content) in the middle stage were stronger than those in the early and the later stages of rainfall event;(4) unlike the obvious impacts on raindrop size and number concentration, turbulence impacts on rain rate and LWC were not significant because turbulence did not cause too much water vapor and heat exchange.
基金Supported by Social Development Fund Project of the Science and Technology Bureau in Lianyungang City,China ( SH1207)
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, we analyzed two big rainstorm weather processes (8 -9 July and August 10) in Lianyungang City in 2012. [ Result] Rainstorm generation was related to favorable large-scale circulation situation. The first-stage precipitation during 8 -9 July was warm-zone precipitation, and the precipitation at the second stage was triggered by shear line. Precipitation on August 10 was generated by typhoon low-pressure inverted trough and cold air. Sufficient water vapor content and strong water vapor transportation were favorable for generation of the heavy precipitation. Suction effect by divergence at high layer and convergence at middle and low layers was favorable for maintenance of the strong ascending motion. Occurrence of the heavy precipitation must have ascending motion condition. But it was not that the stronger the ascending motion, the stronger the rainfall intensity. Kindex and θse500 -θse 850 were closely related to rainstorm occurrence. Horizontal wind data of the wind profile radar provided fine structure of the atmospheric horizontal motion at vertical direction, could clearly display vertical structure of the wind field in rainstorm process, and directly reflected change characteristics of the wind field in precipitation process. [ Conclusion] The research could provide reference for future forecast work.
基金co-funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951001)the Research Subject with the Support of National Science and Technology(2012BA C23B01)the Central Scientific Research and Operational Project(IDM201002)
文摘To improve the level of meteorological service for the Oilfield region in the Taklimakan Desert, the Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) conducted a detection experiment by means of wind profiling radar (WPR) in Tazhong Oilfield region of Xinjiang, China in July 2010. By using the wind profiler data obtained during the rainfall process on 27 July, this paper analyzed the wind field fea- tures and some related scientific issues of this weather event. The results indicated that: (1) wind profiler data had high temporal resolution and vertical spatial resolution, and could be used to analyze detailed vertical structures of rainfall processes and the characteristics of meso-scale systems. Before and after the rain event on 27 July, the wind field showed multi-layer vertical structures, having an obvious meso-scale wind shear line and three airflows from different directions, speeding up the motion of updraft convergence in the lower atmosphere. Besides, the wind directions before and after the rainfall changed inversely with increasing height. Before the rain, the winds blew clockwise, but after the onset of the rain, the wind directions became counterclockwise mainly; (2) the temperature advection derived from wind profiler data can reproduce the characteristics of low-level thermodynamic evolution in the process of rainfall, which is capable to reflect the variation trend of hydrostatic stability in the atmosphere. In the early stage of the precipitation on 27 July, the lower atmosphere was mainly affected by warm advection which had accumulated unstable energy for the rainfall event and was beneficial for the occurrence of updraft motion and precipitation; (3) the "large-value zone" of the radar reflectivity factor Z was virtually consistent with the onset and end of the rainfall, the height for the formation of rain cloud particles, and precipitation intensity. The reflectivity factor Z during this event varied approximately in the range of 18-38 dBZ and the rain droplets formed mainly at the layer of 3,800-4,500 m.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60772065)
文摘Through the analysis of the target characteristics and according to the intermittent clutter bursting and short duration characteristics,a new method for the clutter recognition based on the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)is proposed.This method is predicated on the fact that the FRFT perfectly localizes a chirp signal as an impulse when the angle parameter of the transform matches the chirp rate of the chirp signal.The method involves detecting the presence of the intermittent clutter and correctly estimating its orientation in the time-frequency plane,removing the intermittent clutter in the fractional domain,and completing wind estimation by the power spectrum.By testing the artificial WPR-like signal and data measured from the field,we verify that the FRFT-based method is very effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41775030, 41575008, 11302111, 11562017)the China Research Foundation for Desert Meteorology (SQJ2014003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Sand-dust storm is a type of disastrous weather, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid climates. This study selected a region in the hinterlands of the Taklimakan Desert, called the Tazhong region, as the experimental area to quantitatively estimate the particle concentrations of sand-dust storms using the boundary layer wind-profiling radar. We thoroughly studied the radar echo signals and reflectivity factor features during the sand-dust storms. The results indicate that(1) under sand-dust storm conditions, boundary layer wind-profiling radar cannot capture the complete information regarding horizontal wind velocity and direction, but it can obtain the backscattering intensity of sand-dust storms; and(2) during sand-dust storms particle size distributions in the surface layer closely resemble log-normal distributions, with sand-dust particles sizes of 90–100 μm accounting for the maximum particle probability. Retrieved particle size distributions at heights of 600, 800, and 1000 m follow log-normal distributions, and the expected value of particle diameter decreases gradually with increasing height. From the perspective of orders of magnitude, the retrieved results for particle number concentrations and mass concentrations are consistent with previous aircraft-detected results, indicating that it is basically feasible to use boundary layer wind-profiling radar to quantitatively detect the particle concentrations of dust storms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475029)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201306004)Meteorological Key Technology Integration and Application of the China Meteorological Administration(CMAGJ2013M74)
文摘Horizontal wind measured by wind profiling radar(WPR) is based on uniform wind assumption in volume of lateral beam. However, this assumption cannot completely meet in the real atmosphere. The subject of this work is to analyze the influence of atmospheric inhomogeneities for wind measurement. Five-beam WPR can measure two groups of horizontal wind components U and V independently, using the difference of horizontal wind components U and V can evaluate the influence of the inhomogeneity of the atmospheric motion on wind measurement. The influences can be divided into both inhomogeneous distribution of horizontal motion and vertical motion. Based on wind measurements and meteorological background information, a new means of coordinate rotation the two kinds of inhomogeneous factor was separated, and the impact in different weather background was discussed. From analysis of the wind measured by type of PB-II WPR(445MHz) during 2012 at Yanqing of Beijing, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of horizontal motion is nearly the same in U and V direction. Both the inhomogeneities of horizontal motion and vertical motion have influence on wind measurement, and the degrees of both influences are associated with changes of wind speed. In clear air, inhomogeneity of horizontal motion is the main influence on wind measurement because of small vertical velocity.In precipitation, the two influences are larger than that in clear air.
文摘The first troposphere wind profiling radar in China has been in operation. The paper describes the radar parameters and characteristics with some experimental results presented.
文摘[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行分析。[结果]结果显示:在3 km高度范围内,测风激光雷达的数据获取率随高度递减至不足0.4,风廓线雷达的数据获取率则维持在0.98以上,具有更好的观测适应性;两种测风设备的风速、风向垂直廓线以及逐日、多日波动特征均具有一致性,并且能被再分析资料和高空气象站同期探空资料所验证。测风激光雷达观测结果的中位数、极差、标准差等统计特征与再分析资料更接近,相关性更好;风廓线雷达观测结果的极差和标准差整体偏大,测风精度不及测风激光雷达。[结论]文章研究表明,应根据项目所在地的气候状况,在空中风力发电站工程的不同设计阶段合理选择测风设备,科学设置测风方式。