The application of satellite radiance assimilation can improve the simulation of precipitation by numerical weather prediction models. However, substantial quantities of satellite data, especially those derived from l...The application of satellite radiance assimilation can improve the simulation of precipitation by numerical weather prediction models. However, substantial quantities of satellite data, especially those derived from low-level（surface-sensitive）channels, are rejected for use because of the difficulty in realistically modeling land surface emissivity and energy budgets.Here, we used an improved land use and leaf area index（LAI） dataset in the WRF-3 DVAR assimilation system to explore the benefit of using improved quality of land surface information to improve rainfall simulation for the Shule River Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as a case study. The results for July 2013 show that, for low-level channels（e.g., channel 3）,the underestimation of brightness temperature in the original simulation was largely removed by more realistic land surface information. In addition, more satellite data could be utilized in the assimilation because the realistic land use and LAI data allowed more satellite radiance data to pass the deviation test and get used by the assimilation, which resulted in improved initial driving fields and better simulation in terms of temperature, relative humidity, vertical convection, and cumulative precipitation.展开更多
We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） three-dimensional variational assimilation （3DVAR） system. In particular, we s...We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） three-dimensional variational assimilation （3DVAR） system. In particular, we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula. In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data, the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out. In this study, we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data. The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively. We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales, representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR. This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields. The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high; results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores. The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area.展开更多
利用WRF(Weather research and forecasting)模式及模式模拟的资料,采用Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR(ensemble transform Kalman filter-three-dimensional variational data assimilation)方法同化模拟雷达观测资料。该混合同化方法将集合转换...利用WRF(Weather research and forecasting)模式及模式模拟的资料,采用Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR(ensemble transform Kalman filter-three-dimensional variational data assimilation)方法同化模拟雷达观测资料。该混合同化方法将集合转换卡尔曼滤波(ensemble transform Kalman filter)得到的集合样本扰动通过转换矩阵直接作用到背景场上,利用顺序滤波的思想得到分析扰动场;然后通过增加额外控制变量的方式把"流依赖"的集合协方差信息引入到变分目标函数中去,在3DVAR框架基础下与观测数据进行融合,从而给出分析场的最优估计。试验结果表明,Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR同化方法相比传统3DVAR可以提供更为准确的分析场,Hybrid方法雷达资料初始化模拟的台风涡旋结构与位置比3DVAR更加接近"真实场",对台风路径预报也有明显改进。通过对比Hybrid S试验与Hybrid F试验发现,Hybrid的正效果主要来源于混合背景误差协方差中的"流依赖"信息,集合平均场代替确定性背景场带来的效果并不显著。展开更多
同化地面观测资料能够获得丰富的地面大气信息,这对于大气边界层的准确模拟尤为重要。由于地面观测资料同化一直受到地面观测资料质量较差的影响,因此,地面观测资料的质量控制是提高地面资料同化效果的重要方法之一。为了分析基于经验...同化地面观测资料能够获得丰富的地面大气信息,这对于大气边界层的准确模拟尤为重要。由于地面观测资料同化一直受到地面观测资料质量较差的影响,因此,地面观测资料的质量控制是提高地面资料同化效果的重要方法之一。为了分析基于经验正交函数分解质量控制方法(Empirical Orthogonal Function quality control,EOF-QC)对地面资料同化效果的影响,并进一步检验该方法在实际同化试验中的应用效果,在WRF的三维变分同化系统中引入了经验正交函数分解质量控制法,同时通过一系列同化试验比较了经验正交函数分解质量控制法与原系统自带的基于观测与模拟偏差质量控制法(Observation Minus Background quality control,OMB-QC)的差异。2008年1和7月的多个强降水预报试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法能够保留更多天气系统的有效观测信息,更为客观准确地反映大气真实状态;同化经过经验正交函数分解质量控制法后的观测资料,模式预报的温度降低,在北部形成一个气旋性环流,该环流底部的偏西气流带动北部冷空气东移入海,同时冷空气南下也削弱了带有丰富水汽的西南气流,从而使模式预报的降水范围和强度更加合理。降水的空间分布对比结果也表明,经验正交函数质量控制法改善了模式对降水落区和强度的预报能力,各个量级的降水评分有明显提高,模拟结果更接近于实况。各组数值模拟试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法在WRF-3DVAR中具有较高的应用潜力。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0602701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41721091,41630754,91644225)the Open Program(Grant No.SKLCS-OP-2017-02)from the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of EcoEnvironment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The application of satellite radiance assimilation can improve the simulation of precipitation by numerical weather prediction models. However, substantial quantities of satellite data, especially those derived from low-level（surface-sensitive）channels, are rejected for use because of the difficulty in realistically modeling land surface emissivity and energy budgets.Here, we used an improved land use and leaf area index（LAI） dataset in the WRF-3 DVAR assimilation system to explore the benefit of using improved quality of land surface information to improve rainfall simulation for the Shule River Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as a case study. The results for July 2013 show that, for low-level channels（e.g., channel 3）,the underestimation of brightness temperature in the original simulation was largely removed by more realistic land surface information. In addition, more satellite data could be utilized in the assimilation because the realistic land use and LAI data allowed more satellite radiance data to pass the deviation test and get used by the assimilation, which resulted in improved initial driving fields and better simulation in terms of temperature, relative humidity, vertical convection, and cumulative precipitation.
基金supported by International S&T Cooperation Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(MEST)(2011-00265)the BK21 program of the Korean Government Ministry of Education
文摘We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） three-dimensional variational assimilation （3DVAR） system. In particular, we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula. In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data, the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out. In this study, we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data. The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively. We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales, representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR. This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields. The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high; results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores. The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area.
文摘同化地面观测资料能够获得丰富的地面大气信息,这对于大气边界层的准确模拟尤为重要。由于地面观测资料同化一直受到地面观测资料质量较差的影响,因此,地面观测资料的质量控制是提高地面资料同化效果的重要方法之一。为了分析基于经验正交函数分解质量控制方法(Empirical Orthogonal Function quality control,EOF-QC)对地面资料同化效果的影响,并进一步检验该方法在实际同化试验中的应用效果,在WRF的三维变分同化系统中引入了经验正交函数分解质量控制法,同时通过一系列同化试验比较了经验正交函数分解质量控制法与原系统自带的基于观测与模拟偏差质量控制法(Observation Minus Background quality control,OMB-QC)的差异。2008年1和7月的多个强降水预报试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法能够保留更多天气系统的有效观测信息,更为客观准确地反映大气真实状态;同化经过经验正交函数分解质量控制法后的观测资料,模式预报的温度降低,在北部形成一个气旋性环流,该环流底部的偏西气流带动北部冷空气东移入海,同时冷空气南下也削弱了带有丰富水汽的西南气流,从而使模式预报的降水范围和强度更加合理。降水的空间分布对比结果也表明,经验正交函数质量控制法改善了模式对降水落区和强度的预报能力,各个量级的降水评分有明显提高,模拟结果更接近于实况。各组数值模拟试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法在WRF-3DVAR中具有较高的应用潜力。
