Highly Thermoconductive,Strong Graphene‑Based Composite Films by Eliminating Nanosheets Wrinkles

Graphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices.However,when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macroscopic thermally conductive composites,capillary forces induce shrinkage of graphene nanosheets to form wrinkles during solution-based spontaneous drying,which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the composites.Herein,graphene nanosheets/aramid nanofiber(GNS/ANF)composite films with high thermal conductivity were prepared by in-plane stretching of GNS/ANF composite hydrogel networks with hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions.The in-plane mechanical stretching eliminates graphene nanosheets wrinkles by suppressing inward shrinkage due to capillary forces during drying and achieves a high in-plane orientation of graphene nanosheets,thereby creating a fast in-plane heat transfer channel.The composite films(GNS/ANF-60 wt%)with eliminated graphene nanosheets wrinkles showed a significant increase in thermal conductivity(146 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and tensile strength(207 MPa).The combination of these excellent properties enables the GNS/ANF composite films to be effectively used for cooling flexible LED chips and smartphones,showing promising applications in the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.

The Neglected Importance of Sleep on the Formation and Aggravation of Facial Wrinkles and Their Prevention

The duration of sleep and the position of the face while resting on a pillow have a negative impact on the facial skin appearance and may lead to the formation of sleep wrinkles. Sleep lines occur when there is repetitive, long-term tension on the facial skin, which pushes or pulls the skin in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction of the muscles of the face. These lines tend to be more vertically oriented than expression lines and can be found on the forehead, around the eyebrows, the eyes, the cheeks, the chin, and the nasolabial folds. Our studies revealed that the average reduction of wrinkles in total investigated area of the face (expressed as the density of wrinkle per surface skin) was approximately 12% after 28 days of sleep on a specially-designed pillow. The specially designed anti-wrinkle pillows eliminate the pressure on the cheeks, the eyes and the mouth during sleep. Many such pillows have been designed to reduce the aging process and to encourage users to sleep in specific positions. Evidence supporting the claim that a special pillow prevents wrinkles was presented. Nevertheless, prolonged human studies are required to further elucidate the role of sleeping on appearance of facial wrinkles.

Classification of facial wrinkles among Chinese women

It is generally recognized that Caucasians and Asians have different skin aging features. The aim of this study was to develop a facial wrinkle grading scale for Chinese women. Standard photographs were taken of 242 Chinese women. Six sets of 0 to 9 wrinkle scales with reference photographs and descriptions were selected, including grading scales for resting and hyperkinetic crow＇s feet, frontalis lines, glabellar frown lines, and nasolabial folds. To identify the scale by objective quantitative measurement, skin surface measurements from the Visioscan~ VC98 were used. To test the reliability and validity of our wrinkle scale, a multi-rater consensus method was used. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled 12-week study was conducted to use this clinical photo-score to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Centella triterpenes cream~ in treating crow＇s feet. A newly developed 10-point photographic and descriptive scale emerged from this study. The final atlas of these photographs contained a total of 6 sets with 10 pictures each. From 0 to 9, surface evaluation of smoothness （SEsm） parametric measurements decreased progressively, indicating that the scale increased inversely. Weighted kappa coefficients for intra-assessor were between 0.75-0.87. The overall Kendall＇s coefficient is 0.86 on the first rating and 0.87 on the second rating. Thirty- six volunteers were recruited and 35 subjects completed a 12-week trial. Clinical photo-score by investigator showed a significant difference （P 〈 0.05） between the treatment side and control side after 4 weeks. Use of these scales in clinical settings to evaluate facial wrinkles in Asians individuals is recommended.

Sleeping on an Anti-Wrinkle Pillow Reduces Facial Wrinkles: Results from an Anatomical Study

Background: A special pillow was designed to redistribute mechanical stress during sleeping in order to slow down the formation of facial skin wrinkles. Objective: To investigate whether sleeping on a specially designed pillow reduces facial skin wrinkles. Participants and Methods: A 28-day pilot study was carried out in which fifteen healthy female volunteers aged 23 - 55 years (mean age 35. 6 ± 8.5) slept on an antiwrinkle pillow. Evaluation of facial wrinkles was conducted before commencing the study (T0), following at 14 days (T14), and at 28 days (T28) when the study ended. Wrinkle density was assessed by computerized analysis of 2D images of participants’ faces. Results: A statistically significant decrease in wrinkle density was detected while smiling around both eyes, around the right eye in a relaxed facial expression, on average in all observed facial areas, around the left periorbital area in participants who predominantly slept on their left side of the body, but not on the frontal area. Limitations: A 3D camera could be used to better visualize and analyze wrinkle density. Conclusions: Sleeping on the specially designed pillow reduces facial wrinkles.

Efficacy Evaluation of Unique Skincare Product Containing Pseudo-Ceramide for Fine Wrinkles in Japanese Female Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Background/Objective: Dryness is considered to be an early developmental mechanism of wrinkles, and fine line formation is marked in atopic dermatitis (AD) accompanied by dry skin. To evaluate the efficacy of a skincare product with a moisturizing effect increased by lamellar formulation of pseudo-ceramide for fine lines and wrinkles, a use test was performed applying the product to non-lesional dry skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Method: The test product was an essence containing pseudo-ceramide formulated in a lamellar structure. The study design was a nine-week single-center non-comparative study, and the evaluation items were the grade of wrinkles at the corners of the eyes judged by a dermatologist, replica analysis, and instrumental measurement (skin surface moisture and transepidermal water loss). Results: Nine-week continuous use of the test product significantly improved the score of wrinkles at the corners of the eyes judged by a dermatologist and wrinkle area ratio on replica analysis of the corners of the eyes and cheeks, compared with those at study initiation. With this improvement, the losses of skin surface moisture and transepidermal water were also significantly improved. Conclusion: It was clarified that the tested pseudo-ceramide-formulated skincare product not only improved the barrier function for atopic dermatitis, but also exhibited an effect on fine lines and wrinkles of dry skin.

The Effect of Mesobotox Together with Intense Pulsed Light on Facial Wrinkles and Erythema

Facial ageing is a gradual process which could be due to intrinsic and extrinsic causes, it ultimately results in the appearance of gravity-induced tissue ptosis, wrinkles, epidermal and dermal atrophy, dryness, senile lentigo, flushing, telangiectasia, and enlarged pores. Mesobotox treatment is a technique of microinjections of diluted Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) to preserve the facial mobility in order to preserve the natural beauty. BTX treatment enhances the aesthetic improvements attained with IPL. Ten patients of age ranging between 40 - 60 years old ( mean 45±10.3 years) with skin type ranging between (III - V) were treated using BTX and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) using cutoff filter 550 nm with a fluence of 25 J/cm2 together as a combination therapy. All patients received standard IPL treatment and were assigned to receive eight 0.1 mL intradermal injections of BTX in each cheek (8 U total dose). Vertical lines within the forehead also received five 0.1 mL intradermal injections of BTX. Small wrinkles and fine lines, erythema, apparent pore size, skin texture, and overall appearance were evaluated after one week. A significantly higher proportion of patients showed improvement in small wrinkles and erythema with IPL plus BTX compared with the baseline demonstrated by computerized image analysis. In conclusion, A combined therapy of mesobotx and IPL is an effective and safe treatment for fine wrinkles, telangiectasia, flushing.

Treatment of Wrinkles and Acne Scars Using the TriFractional, a Novel Fractional Radiofrequency Technology—Clinical and Histological Results

Introduction: The need for cosmetic facial enhancement procedures with minimal down time and low risk has led to the development of methods for non-surgical skin rejuvenation. Various ablative lasers were developed, which remove the full skin surface in a controlled manner. However, the prolonged recovery and the significant risks prompted the development of fractional lasers which ablate the skin in a fractional manner, leaving untreated areas to improve healing process. In the past few years, fractional radiofrequency (RF) systems have been introduced that enable controlled skin resurfacing accompanied with dermal collagen remodeling. The new TriFractional technology from Pollogen? is designed to enable skin resurfacing and treatment of wrinkles using RF energy. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the novel TriFractional technology using the TriFractional applicator (A3F) for micro-ablative skin resurfacing and the treatment of wrinkles and acne scars. Methods: Healthy volunteers consented to undergo TriFractional treatments for various aesthetic indications. In addition, in-vivo and ex-vivo histologycal results showing immediate and long term effects of the TriFractional technology were obtained. A portion of the subjects underwent the complete TriLipo MedTM Procedure which includes 2 TriFractional treatments spaced one month apart, with 2 TriLipo RF + Dynamic Muscle Activation (DMA) face treatments two weeks after each TriFractional treatment. Results: Subjects experienced an improvement of wrinkles, skin texture and acne scars along with facial contouring. No significant adverse effects were detected post-treatment. Histology findings demonstrated immediate and long term TriFractional effects on both epidermal and dermal skin layers. Conclusions: TriFractional is a promising technology for skin resurfacing, treatment of wrinkles and improvement of additional aesthetic indications such as acne scars. The TriLipo MEDTM procedure is a unique combination approach for total facial rejuvenation and contouring.

The Efficacy and Safety of Succinylated Atelocollagen and Adenosine for the Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles

The degradation of structural collagen contributes to the characteristic appearance of wrinkles. The anti-wrinkle effects of a variety of substances have been studied, but the potential anti-wrinkle effects of topical applications of collagen for periorbital wrinkles have not been investigated. To evaluate the effects of topical application of succinylated atelocollagen on periorbital wrinkles and to compare the results of treatment with adenosine, a clinical study on Korean participants was carried out. Each participant’s right or left periorbital area was treated with either a solution containing succinylated atelocollagen and adenosine or a solution containing only succinylated atelocollagen for two months. A placebo solution was applied to the opposite periorbital area of each patient’s face for two months. Based on objective and subjective measurements of clinical improvement, the assessment scores for treated sites were statistically significantly higher than scores for placebo sites after two months of treatment. Analysis of silicone casts of periorbital wrinkles demonstrated partial effects of succinylated atelocollagen on periorbital wrinkles. However, we did not observe any effects of adenosine on periorbital wrinkles. Succinylated atelocollagen may be an effective treatment option for periorbital wrinkles, but further studies including a longer treatment period and larger subject group are needed to verify these results.

Evaluation of the Behaviour of Wrinkles Fibroblasts and Normal Aged Fibroblasts in the Presence of Poly-L-Lactic Acid

Background: Wrinkles are characterized by changes in the organization and structure of the dermis. Human wrinkle fibroblasts (WF) have a different functional behaviour in comparison with normal-aged fibroblasts (NF). Decreases in migration capacities and collagen I synthesis are observed. Mitochondrial function is impaired with an increase in lactate production during aging. Sculptra? (poly-L-lactic acid: PLLA), a biodegradable synthetic polymer, is used for subcutaneous volume restoration. Thus we decided to investigate different fibroblast functions when placed in contact with PLLA. Objectives: The potential of PLLA to compensate for the reduction of metabolic activity, to restore the migration capacity of WF and to inhibit the lactate production, was investigated and compared to NF. Methods: Two different skin samples were used from each of the three women’s facelift (one inside a face wrinkle and one from normal aged skin). Collagen I, lactate productions and proliferation capacities were investigated on monolayer cultures. Migration properties were evaluated using three-dimensional collagen lattices. Results: PLLA increased collagen I synthesis, restored migration capacities and tended to decrease lactate production in WF, whereas PPLA stimulated proliferation in NF and tended to improve the migration of NF. Conclusion: These results suggested that PLLA from Sculptra? acted as a stimulus for collagen production in WF and that it is suitable for correcting skin depressions, such as wrinkles.

Numerical analysis and experimental studies of membrane wrinkles

Wrinkling patterns and the rules of wrinkling formation and expansion were analyzed in this paper. Direct disturbing method,a numerical method for membrane wrinkling analysis,was established based on finite element programme. The experimental results using photogrammetric procedure were compared with numerical analysis results. It is shown that the reasonable wrinkling deformation can be obtained by rational mesh density and timely removes the initial flaw during analysis. Wrinkles firstly appear on the left and right sides then extend to the membrane center,and the wrinkling amplitude increases with shear displacement. Results from both of the experiments and numerical analysis have a good agreement,which verifies the rationality of the numerical analysis method.

Plasmon reflection reveals local electronic properties of natural graphene wrinkles

We systematically studied surface plasmons reflection by graphene wrinkles with different heights on SiC substrate.Combined with numerical simulation, we found that the geometry corrugation of a few nanometer height wrinkle alone does not causes a reflection of graphene plasmons. Instead, the separated wrinkle from substrate exhibits a nonlinear spatial Fermi energy distribution along the wrinkle, which acts as a heterojunction. Therefor a higher graphene wrinkle induces a stronger damped region when propagating graphene surface plasmons encounter the wrinkle and get reflected.

Effect of wrinkles on formability in hydroforming a double-diameter aluminum alloy tubular part

An experiment was conducted on hydroforming a double-diameter aluminum alloy tubular part.The influence of loading paths,i.e.the relation between internal pressure and axial feeding,on the forming results was emphasized with fixed total axial feeding length.The loading paths were analyzed together with the corresponding diagram of stress and strain.Two kinds of bursting phenomenon occurred in the experiment.Sound part can be formed whether there are wrinkles or not.It is indicated by the experiment results that the loading path has great effect on the distribution of material during axial feeding.The thickness distribution is more even for the part formed with wrinkles than that without wrinkles.

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of the Maximus^TMSystem for Facial Wrinkles

Introduction: There is a growing demand for non-invasive methods with no down time and minimal risk for facial skin rejuvenation and treatment of wrinkles. The Maximus system, based on TriLipo technology, combines radiofrequency and Dynamic Muscle Activation (DMA). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the MaximusTM system for the treatment of facial wrinkles. Methods: Twenty women received 8 weekly treatments for facial wrinkles using the Maximus system. Treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing pre- and post-treatment photographs, assessing skin characteristics using the 3D Visioscan system, assessing skin microtopography using the DUB ultrasonic scanning system, assessing microcirculation conditions of facial skin using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and subjective evaluation of skin improvement. Results: No adverse events were observed. Following the treatments, positive changes in skin flakiness (scaliness), roughness, smoothness and wrinkles were demonstrated using Visioscan. A thickening of the epidermal-dermal layer and increased structural homogeneity were observed by ultrasound, hyperechogenicity was increased and areas of hypoechogenicity reduced. Microcirculation was improved, corresponding with a positive trend for improved skin characteristics. Conclusions: The Maximus system powered by the TriLipo technology is a non-invasive, effective, safe, and virtually painless treatment for reduction of wrinkles and facial skin rejuvenation.

Control of Surface Wrinkles on Shape Memory PLA/PPDO Micro‑nanofibers and Their Applications in Drug Release and Anti‑scarring

Micro-and nano-fibers of shape memory polymers(SMP)offer multiple advantages like high specific surface area,poros-ity,and intelligence,and are suitable for biomedical applications.In this study,biodegradable poly(p-dioxanone)(PPDO)materials were incorporated to improve the brittleness of shape memory polylactic acid(PLA),and plasticizers were used to reduce the transition temperature of SMP composites such that their transitions could be induced close to body temperature.Furthermore,an electrostatic spinning technology was applied to prepare SMP fibers with wrinkled structures and regulate their microstructures and morphologies such that the intelligent transition of wrinkled and smooth morphologies can be achieved on the fiber surface.The application of this controllable-morphology fiber membrane in intelligent controlled drug release and scar inhibition after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve(AGV)implantation was also studied.The drug release from the stretched and deformed drug-loaded fiber membranes was faster than those from membranes with the original shape.This membrane with micro-and nano-fibers had good anti-scarring effects that improved after drug loading.The achievement of intelligent controlled drug release and the evident anti-scarring effects of the membrane broaden the application of SMP fibers in the biomedical field.

Synthesis of atomically thin GaSe wrinkles for strain sensors

A wrinkle-based thin-film device can be used to develop optoelectronic devices, photovoltaics, and strain sensors. Here, we propose a stable and ultrasensitive strain sensor based on two-dimensional （2D） semiconducting gallium selenide （GaSe） for the first time. The response of the electrical re- sistance to strain was demonstrated to be very sensitive for the GaSe-based strain sensor, and it reached a gauge factor of -4.3, which is better than that of graphene-based strain sensors. The results show us that strain engineering on a nanoscale can be used not only in strain sensors but also for a wide range of applications, such as flexible field-effect transistors, stretchable electrodes, and flexible solar cells.

Deciphering the Hidden Secrets between the Early Skin Wrinkling & the Metabolic (X) Syndrome with the Possible Reversal of This Process at the Molecular Level

The aging process is a group of degenerative changes that physiologically occur in most of the people in the elderly. This affects one or more of the human body systems. The treatment of diseases related to the aging process has a huge impact on the economy of all nations. Aging of the skin comes on the top and despite that, the results of the already present lines of treatment are not always satisfactory. This acts as a stimulus for us to dig deeper to discover the root causes of the premature aging of the skin. This was simply caused by the accumulation of repeated minute damage to the internal structure skin. In other words, if the degree of minute damage is more than the capacity of the skin to repair, the repeated micro-damage is presented in the long run as a skin wrinkling. Moreover, the skin acts as a mirror that reflects the internal structures of the human body. Thus, the more degenerative changes in the human body systems, the more the skin could become wrinkled. Our strategy to prevent or at least slow down the aging process of the skin depends on 2 main steps;the 1st is to reduce the micro-damage as can as possible, and the 2nd is to enhance the capacity of tissue regeneration to be able to reverse the already present damaged skin. As the 2 processes are synchronized with each other, this strategy would be considered the ideal for prevention of skin wrinkling especially premature ones. This not only reverses premature skin wrinkling but also protects it from future wrinklings. This review sharply pointed out the role of the functional collagen of the dermal layer of the skin in the prevention of skin wrinklings. Therefore, it would be the target to study how collagen works in the complex machinery of the dermal layer of the skin. This concept deeply believes that the recovery of dermal collagen has a much better effect than simply ingesting collagen or receiving a topical collagen booster. .

Highly spatial imaging of electrochemical activity on the wrinkles of graphene using all-solid scanning electrochemical cell microscopy

Here,all-solid scanning electrochemical cell microscopy(SECCM)is first established by filling polyacrylamide(PAM)into nanocapillaries as a solid electrolyte.A solid PAM nanoball at the tip of a nanocapillary contacts graphene and behaves as an electrochemical cell for simultaneously measuring the morphology and electrochemical activity.Compared with liquid droplet-based SECCM,this solid nanoball is stable and does not leave any electrolyte at the contact regions,which permits accurate and continuous scanning of the surface without any intervals.Accordingly,the resolutions in the lateral(x-y)and vertical(z)directions are improved to〜10 nm.The complete scanning of the wrinkles on graphene records low currents at the two sidewalls of the wrinkles and a relatively high current at the center of the wrinkles.The heterogeneity in the electrochemical activity of the wrinkle illustrates different electron transfer features on surfaces with varied curvatures,which is hardly observed by the current electrochemical or optical methods.The successful establishment of this high spatial electrochemical microscopy overcomes the current challenges in investigating the electrochemical activity of materials at the nanoscale,which is significant for a better understanding of electron transfer in materials.

Chelators to assist the high dispersion of Ni_(2)P particles over mesoporous silica nanospheres for hydrogenating reaction

NizP supported catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities in hydrogenation reaction,of which the particle sizes of Ni_(2)P active phases are the key influential factor.This research focus on the effect of chelators on the size of Ni_(2)P particles over wrinkle silica nanoparticles(WSNs)by introducing chelating agents EDTA and NTA during impregnation process.The characterization results show that chelators modified cata-lysts possess smaller size of Ni_(2)P particles than the unmodified Ni_(2)P catalysts.Among all the synthesized catalysts,the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst possesses smallest average particle size of Ni_(2)P,only 2.6 nm.Moreover,the Ni_(2)P catalysts with the assistance of EDTA exhibits better catalytic activity than that of NTA under high reaction temperature,which can be ascribed to the strong bonding between EDTA and Ni.And the EDTA modified Ni_(2)PE(1.5)/WSNs catalyst shows highest hydrogenation ability,almost reaching 100%decalin selectivity.

Wrinkling in graded core/shell systems using symplectic formulation

Wrinkles in flat graded elastic layers have been recently described as a timevarying Hamiltonian system by the energy method.Cylindrical core/shell structures can also undergo surface instabilities under the external pressure.In this study,we show that by treating the radial direction as a pseudo-time variable,the graded core/shell system with radially decaying elastic properties can also be described within the symplectic framework.In combination with the shell buckling equation,the present paper addresses the surface wrinkling of graded core/shell structures subjected to the uniform external pressure by solving a series of ordinary differential equations with varying coefficients.Three representative gradient distributions are showcased,and the predicted critical pressure and critical wave number are verified by finite element simulations.The symplectic framework provides an efficient and accurate approach to understand the surface instability and morphological evolution in curved biological tissues and engineered structures.

Formation and modification of wrinkle ridges in the central Tharsis region of Mars as constrained by detailed geomorphological mapping and landsystem analysis

Wrinkle ridges are common landforms documented on all rocky planets and the Moon in the inner solar system.Despite the long research history,their formation mechanisms remain debated.A key unresolved issue is whether the wrinkle-ridge formation is related to igneous processes.This is because wrinkle ridges are mostly associated in space and possibly in time with the occurrence of flood-basalt volcanism in all cases in the inner solar system.To address this issue,we conducted geomorphological mapping,a topographic-data analysis,and a detailed landform and landsystem analysis of satellite images at a resolution of 25 cm/pixel to 6 m/pixel in the central Tharsis region of Mars.The main results of this work are in the form of(1)a regional geomorphological map at a resolution of 6 m/pixel and(2)a local geomorphological map at a resolution of 50 cm/pixel.Our work suggests the following older-to-younger sequence of geological events in the study area:(1)formation of a northeast-trending mountain range(i.e.,the Thaumasia plateau)along the eastern margin of the Tharsis rise that was created by the Himalayan-style crustal-scale thrusting;(2)coeval volcanic-plateau construction west of the thrusting-induced rising mountain range;(3)eastward-flowing lavas that were sourced from a volcanic plateau to the west terminated at the rising Thaumasia plateau to the east;(4)wrinkle-ridge development by decollement folding of recently emplaced warm,ductile volcanic-lava piles;(5)emplacement of a regionally extensive ice sheet over the central Tharsis region that produced extensive boulder-bearing materials,striated surfaces,and boulder-bearing dendritic-ridge networks possibly representing subglacial eskers;and(6)local deposition of highly concentrated glacial flours resulted in the formation of mantled terrain on plains between wrinkle ridges.Our work supports the early suggestion that the Tharsis wrinkle ridges were created by horizontal shortening induced by crustal-scale tectonic processes.In detail,however,the occurrence of flow-front-like fold margins associated with many mapped wrinkle ridges suggests the involvement of ductile-flow deformation during ridge formation.We attribute the flow-like fold fronts to ductile deformation of thermally weakened lava piles that were emplaced during or immediately before the folding event.Our compression-induced wrinkle-ridge model also differs from the early hypotheses in that the thin-skinned folding is associated with basement subduction,which explains the lack of coeval and parallel folding and extensional faulting associated with wrinkle ridge formation in the study area.Post-folding glacial modification means that the present wrinkle-ridge morphologies may differ significantly from the original fold shapes,which prevents the utility of using topographic profiles across wrinkle ridges for inverting the underlying thrust geometries.