The Importance of Professional Training for Test Writers

The purpose of this essay was to explore the importance of professional training for test writers and teachers as well.Since both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that it's impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the other. Test writers need professional training to keep pace with emergence of new views of language teaching practice and the rapid change of social life, in order to make testing more authentic and more valid.

Comment on Two American Writers and Their Works

Wil1iam Bradford’s of Playmouth PlantationIt has been nearly five hundred years sinca America was discovered. But American litera-ture did not began to develop until the colonial period when the English began to settle on thenorth Amerincan continent in the early part of the seventeenth century. Colonial

Reflections on Language Testing——From the Perspective of Professional Training for Test Writers

This paper aims to talk about the superficial reflections on language testing from the perspective of professional training for test writers,to qualify test writers with basic testing theories,to make the test valid and reliable,to help improve educational reform and language teaching,to fully conform to the standards set by syllabus.

On the Challenges Imposed on the Language Test Writers

Assessment in the classroom,whether informal,formative,or summative,has been the major source of identifying students’ strengths and weaknesses in learning a foreign language. The article tries to rationalize the current test writers training programs by elaborating on the importance of testing and assessing from the perspectives of the criteria of qualified testing system and the qualifications of test writers which reversely turns to be the challenges imposed on the language test writers.

A Revision Model in Writing for Novice Writers with a Focus on Audience and Feedback

Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.

Reviews on Contemporary China's Writers

This book is Volume 1 of the Literature Category in the"Jixia Library"Renowned critic Sun Yu孙郁presents the latest criticism and research results on contemporary writers in this book.Sun compares,analyzes,explores,and discovers the most representative writers and works of the contemporary era.

Rebuilding a Community:Shanghai Imaginary of Post-8os Writers

Previous research regarding the post-8os Chinese young writers might suggest that they are urgently chasing after commercial profits,but this popular viewpoint is too simplistic when facing up to the complex historical energies of their work.This article,through close reading the writings of two representative post-8os writers Han Han and Guo Jingming,historically analyzes how the post-8os Writers crowd,by virtue of the“New Concept Composition Contest”platform,have gathered in Shanghai,and points out the core of their writing.Guo Jingming identifies himself with the logic of commercial society,gets dunk of the prosperous of Shanghai,then devoices the young generation from the real Chinese status.Han Han uses the ironic method to deconstruct state propaganda and cultural symbols of Shanghai,while all his heroes or heroines are on cruising the way,do not willing to belong to any value system.The article argues that post-8os writing is ultimately a narrative about the“Chinese Dream,”and on how to rebuild relationships between individuals and their communities.

Haosheng Yang,A Modernity Set to a Pre-Modern Tune:Classical-Style Poetry of Modern Chinese Writers

Haosheng Yang's new monograph is a most welcome addition to the slowly growing scholarly literature in Western languages and Chinese about poetry composed in Classical Chinese during the twentieth century.Her book is distinguished by its discussion of writers who are much better known for their writings in vernacular Chinese during this period but whose Classical verse is rarely studied in the West or even in China.

Writers Take Center Stage

Spotlight shines on scriptwriters as Chinese audiences complain about show quality Gao Xuan, a well-known Chinese screen-writer who has been scriptwriter

Writers' Paradoxes

The supreme triumph of reason is to cast doubt upon ixs own validity.--Miguel de Unamuno理智的最大胜利在于对其自身的正确性提出了怀疑。米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺(1864-1936,西班牙教育家,哲学家及作家)Boredom-the desire for desires. --Leo Tolstoy厌烦--寻求欲望的欲望。列·托尔斯泰(1828-1910,俄国作家,思想家)The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.--Oscar

Writers—About Women

Chinese writers have long been concerned with women’s lives. In this issue, we present selections from their writings to let you know their thoughts.

Books,Writers,Translators

Our editor Liz baked Sidney Shapiro an apple pie.The next day she ran across the city to buy him bagels,cream cheese and lox,and then at the arranged time she telephoned him from outside his home:a courtyard nestled by the Houhai lakes

Student Writers in the U.S.

Dear American Professor. I am a high school teacher of English while my sister is a high school teacherof Chinese in a seaside city of Qingdao in Shandong Province in China. We bothlove our profession very much. When we meet after a day’s work at home. ourtalk covers a wide range of topics. Today, our topic goes to the United States.

Women Writers in Macheng

Many centuries ago, Li Zhi (1527-1602), thinker andwriter of the Ming Dynasty edtablished a famousfemale-only school in China. Today, there has emergeda group of women writers. They are sparing their timefrom work and household chores and have entered thesacred hall of literature by expending greater effortsthan their male counterparts. Many of their works havebeen published. They are full of talent and have wonseveral national level prizes.

Women Writers'Literary Creations

DEAR EDITOR, I am interested in contemporary Chinese women’s fiction, but rarely get the opportunity to hear about recent publications. Your magazine would be doing global readers a great service by publishing reviews of books written by modern Chinese women.

On Women Writers and the Women Literature in the New Period

Avital new force in China’s literature circle is the group of women writers who have come into prominence during the "new period," the years since 1978 when China entered a period of reform. These women writers brought their talents of creation into play and have made remarkable achievements. There are five generations of fine women writers. The first generation includes Bing Xin, a founding member of the New Cultural Movement, around the time of the May 4th Movement

Mao Dun’s Comments on Writers of the New Literature Movement

by Yang Jianmin, argues that in his six articles on writers, written between 1927 and 1934, Mao Dun used the principle of revolutionary realism for the first time in the history of modern literary criticism in China to present a comprehensive and accurate critique of the May Fourth New Literature Movement. The essay analyzes these articles from the perspective of historical and aesthetic criticism. It also throws some light on the critical approach employed by Mao Dun.

Supervised Feature Learning for Offline Writer Identification Using VLAD and Double Power Normalization

As an indispensable part of identity authentication,offline writer identification plays a notable role in biology,forensics,and historical document analysis.However,identifying handwriting efficiently,stably,and quickly is still challenging due to the method of extracting and processing handwriting features.In this paper,we propose an efficient system to identify writers through handwritten images,which integrates local and global features from similar handwritten images.The local features are modeled by effective aggregate processing,and global features are extracted through transfer learning.Specifically,the proposed system employs a pre-trained Residual Network to mine the relationship between large image sets and specific handwritten images,while the vector of locally aggregated descriptors with double power normalization is employed in aggregating local and global features.Moreover,handwritten image segmentation,preprocessing,enhancement,optimization of neural network architecture,and normalization for local and global features are exploited,significantly improving system performance.The proposed system is evaluated on Computer Vision Lab(CVL)datasets and the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition(ICDAR)2013 datasets.The results show that it represents good generalizability and achieves state-of-the-art performance.Furthermore,the system performs better when training complete handwriting patches with the normalization method.The experimental result indicates that it’s significant to segment handwriting reasonably while dealing with handwriting overlap,which reduces visual burstiness.