A blockchain-empowered authentication scheme for worm detection in wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a distributed sensor network composed a large number of nodes with low cost,low performance and self-management.The special structure of WSN brings both convenience and vulnerability.For example,a malicious participant can launch attacks by capturing a physical device.Therefore,node authentication that can resist malicious attacks is very important to network security.Recently,blockchain technology has shown the potential to enhance the security of the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,we propose a Blockchain-empowered Authentication Scheme(BAS)for WSN.In our scheme,all nodes are managed by utilizing the identity information stored on the blockchain.Besides,the simulation experiment about worm detection is executed on BAS,and the security is evaluated from detection and infection rate.The experiment results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively inhibit the spread and infection of worms in the network.

Value Function Mechanism in WSNs-Based Mango Plantation Monitoring System

Mango fruit is one of the main fruit commodities that contributes to Taiwan’s income.The implementation of technology is an alternative to increasing the quality and quantity of mango plantation product productivity.In this study,a Wireless Sensor Networks(“WSNs”)-based intelligent mango plantation monitoring system will be developed that implements deep reinforcement learning(DRL)technology in carrying out prediction tasks based on three classifications:“optimal,”“sub-optimal,”or“not-optimal”conditions based on three parameters including humidity,temperature,and soil moisture.The key idea is how to provide a precise decision-making mechanism in the real-time monitoring system.A value function-based will be employed to perform DRL model called deep Q-network(DQN)which contributes in optimizing the future reward and performing the precise decision recommendation to the agent and system behavior.The WSNs experiment result indicates the system’s accuracy by capturing the real-time environment parameters is 98.39%.Meanwhile,the results of comparative accuracy model experiments of the proposed DQN,individual Q-learning,uniform coverage(UC),and NaÏe Bayes classifier(NBC)are 97.60%,95.30%,96.50%,and 92.30%,respectively.From the results of the comparative experiment,it can be seen that the proposed DQN used in the study has themost optimal accuracy.Testing with 22 test scenarios for“optimal,”“sub-optimal,”and“not-optimal”conditions was carried out to ensure the system runs well in the real-world data.The accuracy percentage which is generated from the real-world data reaches 95.45%.Fromthe resultsof the cost analysis,the systemcanprovide a low-cost systemcomparedtothe conventional system.

WSN Mobile Target Tracking Based on Improved Snake-Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

A wireless sensor network mobile target tracking algorithm(ISO-EKF)based on improved snake optimization algorithm(ISO)is proposed to address the difficulty of estimating initial values when using extended Kalman filtering to solve the state of nonlinear mobile target tracking.First,the steps of extended Kalman filtering(EKF)are introduced.Second,the ISO is used to adjust the parameters of the EKF in real time to adapt to the current motion state of the mobile target.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through filtering and tracking using the constant velocity circular motion model(CM).Under the specified conditions,the position and velocity mean square error curves are compared among the snake optimizer(SO)-EKF algorithm,EKF algorithm,and the proposed algorithm.The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the root mean square error of position by 52%and 41%compared to the SOEKF algorithm and EKF algorithm,respectively.

A Novel Approach to Energy Optimization:Efficient Path Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Hybrid ANN

In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)energy efficiency and operational lifespan,this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing protocols.InWSNs,the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes(SNs)are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable operation.WSN data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink(MS)to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network traversal.The mobile sink(MS)strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or predetermined locations called rendezvous points(RPs)instead of all cluster heads(CHs).CHs subsequently transmit packets to neighboring RPs.The unique determination of this study is the shortest path to reach RPs.As the mobile sink(MS)concept has emerged as a promising solution to the energy consumption problem in WSNs,caused by multi-hop data collection with static sinks.In this study,we proposed two novel hybrid algorithms,namely“ Reduced k-means based on Artificial Neural Network”(RkM-ANN)and“Delay Bound Reduced kmeans with ANN”(DBRkM-ANN)for designing a fast,efficient,and most proficient MS path depending upon rendezvous points(RPs).The first algorithm optimizes the MS’s latency,while the second considers the designing of delay-bound paths,also defined as the number of paths with delay over bound for the MS.Both methods use a weight function and k-means clustering to choose RPs in a way that maximizes efficiency and guarantees network-wide coverage.In addition,a method of using MS scheduling for efficient data collection is provided.Extensive simulations and comparisons to several existing algorithms have shown the effectiveness of the suggested methodologies over a wide range of performance indicators.

Enabling Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks-Based IoT Application

The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply,intelligent transportation,power grids,and autonomous agriculture,it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality,integrity,and authenticity of data collected and exchanged.However,the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques.Consequently,designing a lightweight secure data transmission scheme is becoming essential.In this article,we propose lightweight secure data transmission(LSDT)scheme for IoT environments.LSDT consists of three phases and utilizes an effective combination of symmetric keys and the Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone asymmetric key agreement protocol.We design the simulation environment and experiments to evaluate the performance of the LSDT scheme in terms of communication and computation costs.Security and performance analysis indicates that the LSDT scheme is secure,suitable for IoT applications,and performs better in comparison to other related security schemes.

改进猎人猎物优化算法在WSN覆盖中的应用

针对传统无线传感器网络(WSN)节点部署覆盖盲区大、分布不均等问题,提出一种改进的猎人猎物优化(IHPO)算法优化网络覆盖。首先,在猎物位置更新阶段,引入差分进化(DE)思想并借助动态比例因子进行交叉变异,从而增强种群信息交流;其次,在全局最优位置更新阶段,由α稳定分布提出自适应α变异对全局最优位置进行扰动,从而平衡不同时期算法的性能需求;最后,利用自适应α变异扰动的全局最优位置引导种群完成动态反向学习,从而增加种群的全局搜索能力和多样性。在WSN覆盖问题中,使用IHPO优化的网络节点分布更均匀、覆盖率更高,在传感器感知能力不足时能达到92.56%的覆盖率,对比原始HPO算法优化的节点提高了25.74%,对比改进粒子群优化(IPSO)算法、改进灰狼优化算法(IGWO)优化的节点分别提高了13.98%、16.41%。同时,IHPO算法优化的节点能耗更均衡,在路由测试中的网络工作时间可以延长至2500轮次。

Effective data transmission through energy-efficient clustering and Fuzzy-Based IDS routing approach in WSNs

Wireless sensor networks(WSN)gather information and sense information samples in a certain region and communicate these readings to a base station(BS).Energy efficiency is considered a major design issue in the WSNs,and can be addressed using clustering and routing techniques.Information is sent from the source to the BS via routing procedures.However,these routing protocols must ensure that packets are delivered securely,guaranteeing that neither adversaries nor unauthentic individuals have access to the sent information.Secure data transfer is intended to protect the data from illegal access,damage,or disruption.Thus,in the proposed model,secure data transmission is developed in an energy-effective manner.A low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH)is developed to efficiently transfer the data.For the intrusion detection systems(IDS),Fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks(ANNs)are proposed.Initially,the nodes were randomly placed in the network and initialized to gather information.To ensure fair energy dissipation between the nodes,LEACH randomly chooses cluster heads(CHs)and allocates this role to the various nodes based on a round-robin management mechanism.The intrusion-detection procedure was then utilized to determine whether intruders were present in the network.Within the WSN,a Fuzzy interference rule was utilized to distinguish the malicious nodes from legal nodes.Subsequently,an ANN was employed to distinguish the harmful nodes from suspicious nodes.The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using metrics that attained 97%accuracy,97%specificity,and 97%sensitivity of 95%.Thus,it was proved that the LEACH and Fuzzy-based IDS approaches are the best choices for securing data transmission in an energy-efficient manner.

基于WSN+UWB的室内人员定位系统设计

随着社会发展,家长对幼儿安全越来越重视,幼儿园环境安全与否直接关系到儿童的健康及生命。为保障园区内幼儿状况及安全,文章提出了一种室内人员定位系统设计,该系统在满足基本定位需求的同时,采用了超宽带(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)技术,具有穿透性强、抗干扰和功耗低等优势,其性能表现已超过蓝牙和Wi-Fi,并以UWB技术作为主要技术依据,将无线传感网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)技术与UWB技术相结合,设计了一款智能化的人员看护及定位系统,测试结果证明了该系统设计可满足园区内人员监测及定位警报的需求。

基于WSN的流程行业安全生产数据多优先级多路径传输方法

为区分基于无线传感网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)的流程行业安全生产监测数据的优先级,保证关键安全生产决策数据的高质量、低时延传输,减少监测系统对生产事故的误判或漏判现象发生,通过建立实现多层级数据融合的分簇监测网络架构,划分流程安全生产过程中3个级别的数据类型,并提出数据多优先级多路径传输方法。研究结果表明:与传统基于WSN的传输方法相比,本文提出的基于WSN的流程行业安全生产数据多优先级多路径传输方法能够提升高优先级数据传输的及时性和可靠性,有利于安全生产的准确决策。研究结果可为基于WSN的流程行业安全生产监测提供参考。

基于IPSO-BP神经网络的WSNs数据融合算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)数据融合算法中反向传播(BP)神经网络存在对初值敏感、收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解等问题,提出基于改进粒子群优化BP(IPSO-BP)神经网络的WSNs数据融合算法。首先,用细菌觅食算法的趋化、迁徙算子对粒子群优化(PSO)算法进行改进;然后,用IPSO算法优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,再引入到WSNs数据融合中,簇成员节点负责采集监测数据,在簇首节点通过优化后的BP神经网络对数据进行特征提取,并将融合结果发送至汇聚节点。仿真结果表明:IPSO-BP算法能有效提高融合精度和收敛速度,减少冗余数据传输,延长网络生命周期。

A Methodology for Reliability of WSN Based on Software Defined Network in Adaptive Industrial Environment

As communication technology and smart manufacturing have developed, the industrial internet of things(IIo T)has gained considerable attention from academia and industry.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) have many advantages with broad applications in many areas including environmental monitoring, which makes it a very important part of IIo T. However,energy depletion and hardware malfunctions can lead to node failures in WSNs. The industrial environment can also impact the wireless channel transmission, leading to network reliability problems, even with tightly coupled control and data planes in traditional networks, which obviously also enhances network management cost and complexity. In this paper, we introduce a new software defined network(SDN), and modify this network to propose a framework called the improved software defined wireless sensor network(improved SD-WSN). This proposed framework can address the following issues. 1) For a large scale heterogeneous network, it solves the problem of network management and smooth merging of a WSN into IIo T. 2) The network coverage problem is solved which improves the network reliability. 3) The framework addresses node failure due to various problems, particularly related to energy consumption.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reliability of wireless sensor networks, by developing certain schemes to reduce energy consumption and the delay time of network nodes under IIo T conditions. Experiments have shown that the improved approach significantly reduces the energy consumption of nodes and the delay time, thus improving the reliability of WSN.

A Novel Negative Multinomial Distribution Based Energy-Efficient Reputation Modeling for Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)

In wireless sensor networks(WSNs),nodes are usually powered by batteries.Since the energy consumption directly impacts the network lifespan,energy saving is a vital issue in WSNs,especially in the designing phase of cryptographic algorithms.As a complementary mechanism,reputation has been applied to WSNs.Different from most reputation schemes that were based on beta distribution,negative multinomial distribution was deduced and its feasibility in the reputation modeling was proved.Through comparison tests with beta distribution based reputation in terms of the update computation,results show that the proposed method in this research is more energy-efficient for the reputation update and thus can better prolong the lifespan of WSNs.

WSN中基于区域感知的改进AODV路由协议

AODV路由协议是无线自组网中的经典协议,适用于无线传感器网络(WSN)。但是该协议在路由发现阶段通过跳数建立路径,导致网络拥塞严重、部分节点过早失效以及活动路由频繁断裂,从而引起传输时延延长、路由开销增大、网络寿命缩短等问题。针对WSN中能量分布不均衡以及对邻居节点依赖性强的特点,提出基于区域感知的改进AODV路由协议。在路由发现阶段,引入QoS需求参数中的时延作为路径主权重,并计算区域变化率对路径主权重产生的正负增益,采用最优路径选择算法选取权重最小的路径,并将其作为最优路径。在路由维护阶段,通过计算区域能量和节点距离,丢弃区域中质量较差的节点,减少冗余拓扑和链路故障现象的发生。实验结果表明,相比传统的AODV协议,该协议的端到端时延和路由开销分别降低47.73%和48.00%,分组转发率和网络生存时间分别提升6.97%和14.80%。

机械振动WSN大量数据自适应传输控制方法

针对机械振动无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network, WSN)在传输大量数据时,每个数据包均采用确认方式传输导致高传输能耗的问题,提出了一种大量数据自适应传输控制方法。首先,通过数据分组检测机制减少传输确认帧带来的额外能耗,并通过试验确定最佳分组数量,避免浪费WSN节点有限的存储资源;其次,利用帧控制域特定标志位实现丢包状态通知,在不引入额外数据帧的情况下告知发送节点丢包状态,避免反馈信息包下发冲突,并优化反馈信息包的退避指数,降低丢包节点因反馈信息包下发延迟导致的侦听能耗;最后,通过最小二乘法拟合丢包率与链路质量指示的关系,节点根据当前传输链路质量自适应选择最佳传输模式。试验结果表明,所提传输方法可有效降低数据传输能耗并提升传输速率。

一种改进果蝇算法的WSN节点定位方法

针对三边测量法在测距过程中产生的误差,利用果蝇优化算法收敛速度快、精度高、实现简单的特点设计了一种改进果蝇算法的WSN节点定位方法。通过算法反复迭代、比较、择优,获得未知节点与锚节点之间距离误差的最小值,从而实现对未知节点的准确定位。算法从不同种群数、不同初始位置、不同飞行区间3个方面进行了参数的比较与选择,确定获得准确定位时算法各参数取值的重要性。将该定位算法与基于粒子群的DV-Hop定位算法进行定位比较,结果表明该定位算法具有更好的准确性。

基于改进镜面反射优化算法的WSNs覆盖优化

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)节点部署存在覆盖盲区大和均匀分布性差等不足,提出一种改进镜面反射优化算法(MSRA)的WSNs覆盖优化方法。首先,采用种群策略将算法单一种群扩充为多种群,并引入Piecewice映射初始化种群,提高种群初始质量和搜索空间的遍历性;其次,融合了改进的Tent映射和莱维飞行方式对个体位置进行变异,提高算法跳出局部最优能力;然后,利用莱维飞行策略扰动最优个体位置,以平衡算法的全局探索与局部开发能力。仿真结果表明:相比镜面反射优化算法(SRA)和对比算法,所提算法寻优能力更优,有效地改善了WSNs节点分布的均匀性和覆盖盲区,提高了覆盖率。

基于WSN与异常数据识别的拉线动态监测方法研究

为了提升干字塔监测的数字化水平并保证施工现场的安全,文中对干字塔的拉线状态监测技术进行了研究。该研究在蓝牙、ZigBee等无线传输协议与拉力传感器的基础上,搭建了大规模无线传感网络(WSN),实现了监测数据的无线传输。针对WSN网络所采集的数据特点,对BP神经网络加以改进,且引入状态转移概率及一种基于置信区间思想的残差判定模型来进行WSN传输数据的校准,从而提升了模型的训练效率,避免了因WSN网络传输数据精度不足而影响网络泛化性能的问题。在实际工程数据集上进行的仿真结果表明,较传统的BP神经网络,改进后算法的平均训练时长降低了27.53%,迭代次数下降了26.61%,TPR提升了2.8%,FPR下降了1.98%,更适用于WSN传感网络的数据识别。

基于改进灰狼优化算法的WSN覆盖优化

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)节点在随机部署时,存在分布不均匀的情况,从而导致覆盖率较低的问题,提出了一种改进的灰狼优化(GWO)算法.首先利用Tent混沌映射初始化种群,增加种群的多样性;其次利用改进的非线性收敛因子,平衡算法的全局搜索能力与局部搜索精度;最后将差分进化(DE)算法的变异、交叉的理念融入GWO算法,避免算法陷入局部最优,并提高算法的收敛速度.基本测试函数仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性,随后将其应用于WSN覆盖优化问题,可以使节点的分布更加均匀,显著提高覆盖率,进而改善网络性能.

差分进化花朵授粉算法的WSN节点部署策略

针对无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)的节点部署问题,提出了一种基于差分进化算法(differential evolution algorithm,DEA)优化的花朵授粉算法(flower pollination algorithm,FPA):DE-FPA。设计了动态转换概率,自适应平衡全局授粉和局部授粉间的相互转换,提高算法全局搜索能力。优化了全局授粉过程中的步长缩放因子,进一步提高算法收敛速度。为避免算法陷入局部极值,在每次全局授粉或者局部授粉迭代后引入差分进化策略,增加种群多样性,提高了算法搜索能力。实验结果表明,DE-FPA收敛速度快、寻优精度高,能够在网络连通的约束条件下,达到较高的网络覆盖率。

无人机协助WSNs中的节能数据采集策略

在无线传感器网络(WSNs)中,无人机(UAV)已经成为一种有效的数据采集手段,但在采集过程中产生的大量能耗严重降低WSNs的寿命。针对WSNs中数据采集能量消耗大的问题,设计了一种基于传感器节点(SNs)唤醒调度和无人机轨迹设计的节能数据采集策略。基于该方案,构建了无人机与SNs能耗加权和最小化问题,该问题被描述为混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)问题,通常难以求解。针对该问题,提出一种基于路径离散化和连续凸逼近的联合优化算法,得到满足KKT条件的局部最优解。实验结果表明,所提出的方案能实现显著的网络节能,且能实现无人机能耗与SNs能耗之间的灵活权衡。