Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded...Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded adhesion conditions on a real railway line. WSP is devoted to regulating applied braking forces to avoid excessive wheel sliding in case of degraded adhesion conditions between wheel and rail. WSP must be also compliant to safety specifications related to assured braking performances and consumed air. Hardware in the loop(HIL) testing offers an affordable and sustainable way to accelerate these activities optimizing cost, duration and safety of experimental activities performed online. HIL test rigs are subjected to continuous updates, customization and natural ageing of their components. This work investigates the criteria that can be adopted to assure a continuous monitoring and validation of a real WSP test rig, the Italian test rig of Firenze Osmannoro.展开更多
【目的】为了揭示山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang种群共生菌Wolbachia的感染率及其分类地位,探讨该共生菌对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的潜在影响。【方法】利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mt COI）基因引物（LCO1490/HCO2198）,...【目的】为了揭示山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang种群共生菌Wolbachia的感染率及其分类地位,探讨该共生菌对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的潜在影响。【方法】利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mt COI）基因引物（LCO1490/HCO2198）,通过扩增测序和序列比对对采自山东省12个地区的根蛆种群进行了分类鉴定。在上述基础上,利用Wolbachia的16S r DNA和wsp基因特异引物（分别为16S-F/16S-R和81F/691R）对鉴别出的11个韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群体内Wolbachia感染情况进行了PCR检测;对感染个体体内Wolbachia依据16S r DNA基因片段序列进行分类鉴定。【结果】山东省12个根蛆种群中,11个种群为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因特异引物检测结果发现,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群广泛感染Wolbachia（感染率为6.67%~93.33%）,而利用wsp基因特异引物检测的感染率（0.00%~40.00%）相对较低些。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因构建系统发育树表明,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群感染的Wolbachia全部属于A组。【结论】确定了Wolbachia在山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊体内的感染率及其分类地位,为研究Wolbachia对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学及生态学的影响奠定了基础。展开更多
Alpha proteobacteria of the genus Wolbachia are a widespread group of maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropod and nematode hosts. Wolbachia infection induces a range of host phenotypes, including cytoplasmic i...Alpha proteobacteria of the genus Wolbachia are a widespread group of maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropod and nematode hosts. Wolbachia infection induces a range of host phenotypes, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, feminization and thelytoky induction. Heterogony (cyclical parthenogenesis) is a remarkable characteristic of oak gall wasps, Cynipini, which is the largest tribe in Cynipidae. A few species of Cynipini are exceptionally,which are univoltine and exhibit thelytokous parthenogenesis, probably due to deletion of the arrhenotokous generation from their heterogonic ancestor species with Wolbachia infection. In this study, the presence of Wolbachia was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for the wsp genes in a thelytokous species (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) of the Cynipini. The wsp characteristic 617 bp product was obtained after amplification of extracts from Zhuzhou population. The sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group A and was nearly identical to that of Plagiotrochus quercusilicis. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the gallwasp are discussed.展开更多
文摘Assessment of railway wheel slide protection(WSP) systems involves the execution of complex experimental activities that are quite expensive and time-consuming, since they involve the physical reproduction of degraded adhesion conditions on a real railway line. WSP is devoted to regulating applied braking forces to avoid excessive wheel sliding in case of degraded adhesion conditions between wheel and rail. WSP must be also compliant to safety specifications related to assured braking performances and consumed air. Hardware in the loop(HIL) testing offers an affordable and sustainable way to accelerate these activities optimizing cost, duration and safety of experimental activities performed online. HIL test rigs are subjected to continuous updates, customization and natural ageing of their components. This work investigates the criteria that can be adopted to assure a continuous monitoring and validation of a real WSP test rig, the Italian test rig of Firenze Osmannoro.
文摘【目的】为了揭示山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang种群共生菌Wolbachia的感染率及其分类地位,探讨该共生菌对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的潜在影响。【方法】利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mt COI）基因引物（LCO1490/HCO2198）,通过扩增测序和序列比对对采自山东省12个地区的根蛆种群进行了分类鉴定。在上述基础上,利用Wolbachia的16S r DNA和wsp基因特异引物（分别为16S-F/16S-R和81F/691R）对鉴别出的11个韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群体内Wolbachia感染情况进行了PCR检测;对感染个体体内Wolbachia依据16S r DNA基因片段序列进行分类鉴定。【结果】山东省12个根蛆种群中,11个种群为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因特异引物检测结果发现,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群广泛感染Wolbachia（感染率为6.67%~93.33%）,而利用wsp基因特异引物检测的感染率（0.00%~40.00%）相对较低些。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因构建系统发育树表明,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群感染的Wolbachia全部属于A组。【结论】确定了Wolbachia在山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊体内的感染率及其分类地位,为研究Wolbachia对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学及生态学的影响奠定了基础。
文摘Alpha proteobacteria of the genus Wolbachia are a widespread group of maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropod and nematode hosts. Wolbachia infection induces a range of host phenotypes, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, feminization and thelytoky induction. Heterogony (cyclical parthenogenesis) is a remarkable characteristic of oak gall wasps, Cynipini, which is the largest tribe in Cynipidae. A few species of Cynipini are exceptionally,which are univoltine and exhibit thelytokous parthenogenesis, probably due to deletion of the arrhenotokous generation from their heterogonic ancestor species with Wolbachia infection. In this study, the presence of Wolbachia was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for the wsp genes in a thelytokous species (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) of the Cynipini. The wsp characteristic 617 bp product was obtained after amplification of extracts from Zhuzhou population. The sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group A and was nearly identical to that of Plagiotrochus quercusilicis. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the gallwasp are discussed.
