雌激素受体β与乳腺癌

目的 探讨雌激素受体 β(ERβ)在乳腺癌方面的研究进展。 方法 采用文献回顾方法 ,对ERβ的生物学功能、变异 ,及其乳腺癌发生、发展、预后评估及内分泌治疗反应方面的可能作用加以综述。结果 ERβ是类固醇激素受体超家族的新成员 ,可能在乳腺癌发生、发展、预后评估及内分泌治疗反应方面具有重要作用。结论 ERβ是一种新的乳腺癌预后评估指标。

INVOLVEMENT OF THE Ca^(2+) PROTEIN KINASE C AND ADENYLATE CYCLACE SIGNAL PATHWAYS IN THE ACTIVATION OF THYMOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO WHOLE BODY IRRADIATION WITH LOW DOSE X RAYS

WT5”BZ] To study the molecular mechanism of the stimulatory effect of low dose radiation(LDR) on T cell activation. [WT5”BX]Methods.[WT5”BZ] Thymocytes from Kunming mice exposed to whole body irradiation(WBI) with different doses of X rays were analyzed for the changes in signal molecules of the phospholipase C phosphatidylinositol biphosphate(PLC IP2) and G protein adenylate cyclase(AC) pathways. [WT5”BX]Results.[WT5”BZ]It was found that[Ca 2+ ] i increased in response to doses within 0 2 Gy which was most marked after 0 075 Gy and the increase was accentuated in the presence of Con A. The changes in CD3 and calcineurin(CN) expression of the thymocytes followed the same pattern as the alterations in [Ca 2+ ] i after LDR. The expression of α,β1 and β2 isoforms of protein kinase C(PKC) was all up regulated after 0 075 Gy with the increase in PKC β1 expression being most marked. The cAMP/cGMP ratio and PKA activity of the thymocytes was lowered after low dose radiation and increased after doses above 0 5 Gy in a dose dependent manner, thus giving rise to J shaped dose response curves. The Ca antagonist TMB 8 and cAMP stimulant cholera toxin suppressed the augmented thymocyte proliferation induced by LDR. [WT5”BX]Conclusion.[WT5”BZ]Data presented in the present paper suggest that activation of the PLC PIP2 signal pathway and suppression of the AC cAMP signal pathway are involved in the stimulation of the thymocytes following WBI with low dose X rays.

PREPARATION OF CAPACITIVE-TYPE CO_2 GASSENSITIVE ELEMENT USING NANOMETER POWDERS

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EFFECTS OF XW630 ON BONE FORMATION IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS AND IN HUMAN OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS

To study the effects of XW630 on bone formation in overiectomized(OVX) rats and in human osteoblast like cell line TE85. [WT5”BX]Method.[WT5”BZ] Bone histomorphometric analysis was performed with undecalcified bone sections and tetracycline intraperitoneally labeling. [WT5”BX]Results.[WT5”BZ] Compared with that of OVX rats, the static data of trabecular bone volume(TBV)/ total tissue volume(TTV), TBV/sponge bone volume(SBV) and mean trabecular plate density (MTPD) were enhanced while mean trabecular plate spacing(MTPS) decreased after treated with XW630 for 13w. The dynamic data of single labeled surface [Sfract(s)], double labeled surface[Sfract(d)],Sfract(d+1/2s),trabecular osteoid surface(TOS), and bone formation rate in tissue level (Svf) were increased and osteoid maturation period (OMP) shortened in XW630 group. In osteoblast like cells, both 3H thymidine incorporation and cell count increased after treated with XW630 for 48. Treated with XW630 for 12～18h,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) activity and cGMP content increased in time dependent manners. [WT5”BX]Conclusions.[WT5”BZ] XW630 enhanced bone activation frequency and increased trabecular connectivity, stability, and strength. The cellular mechanism related to effects of XW630 on bone formation in ovariectomized rats.

DIFFUSION REACTION IN THE INTERFACE OF TITANIUM／MILD STEEL COMPOSITE

The microstructure together with the formation and growth ofreaction phases in the interfacial diffusion zone of the explosive cladding TA2/A3 has been investigated by means of OM, SEM, AES and XRD techniques. When the specimen annealed at temperature under the βTi→αTi transformation, i. e. below 1173 K, only TiC forms along TA2 side of interface and hinders the interdiffusion of Fe and Ti atoms, thus Fe2Ti or FeTi is unable to occur. While heated up to the transformation temperature of βTi, e. g, over 1223 K, the parabolic growth of intermetallic compounds of Fe2Ti and FeTi with layer structure may form intergranularly and the formation of βTi or βTi+αTi structure at the Fe enriched side of TA2 and the martensitic transformation products at the Fedepleted side are observed owing to the diffusion of Fe. Furthermore, the growth of βTi transformation layer is revealed to follow the parabolic rule.

NEW EVIDENCES FOR THE FORMATION OF GRANITICROCKS BY REMELTING OF THE SIALCRUST IN SOUTHERN HUNAN

Comparatively analyzing 47 REE distribution data of the Southern Hunan geosynclinal arkosesilicarenite and various period granitic rocks and the results of their partially melting experiment series in company with the occurence and petrogeochemical features of various period granitic rocks, the authors suggest that all of the abovementioned salic rocks can be partially melt to produce granitic magma.

THE ACHIEVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENTOF CHINESE MINING GEOLOGY

The mining geological work had been conducted in China since the ancient time. From 14 th to 18 th century, the output of iron mine reached to 6450 t annually. During 1763 to 1773, the annual output of copper in Yunnan Province was 9200 t. In modern time, Chinese mining industry grew slowly. However, in 1950′s the mining geological organization were established in each administrative department and its affiliated mining companies. A set of regulations had also been established systematically. The mining geology has made the great contribution to reserve the mineral resources and to raise the economical benefit. Now resources have been found in many mine sites. The tasks facing us in future are to look for new deposits for old mine companies which are in shortage of resources and extend their service period; to involve in research for improv ing mining operational parameters and raise the economic benefit; to develop the technical market, and to provide service for development of mining industry reling on science and technology progress.

THE LUBRICATING MECHANISMS OF LUBRICATINGDRILLING FLUIDS ON SYNTHETIC DIAMOND BIT

The functions of lubricants in diamond drilling were discussedin this paper. The influences of lubricant on drilling efficiency and bit′s life were compared and analyzed with simulated drilling test and lubrication test apparatus. Lubricating mechanisms were also discussed.

CD44v6与乳腺癌转移和预后的关系

目的 研究CD44v6表达与乳腺癌转移和预后的关系。 方法 用免疫组化方法对 78例乳腺癌石蜡标本及 37例乳腺癌新鲜标本的CD44v6蛋白的表达水平进行了检测 ;RT PCR方法对 37例乳腺癌新鲜标本的CD44v6mRNA表达水平进行了检测。并对患者CD44v6的表达水平、肿瘤大小、腋淋巴结转移状况、TNM分期、组织学分级与预后间的关系进行了分析 ,同时比较 2种方法的敏感性。 结果 乳腺癌患者的CD44v6表达水平与原发肿瘤大小、腋淋巴结转移状况、TNM分期明显相关 ,是影响患者术后 5年生存率的重要因素。乳腺癌新鲜标本中CD44v6mRNA和蛋白的阳性表达率分别是 70 3%和 5 9 5 % ,两者差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。 结论 乳腺癌患者的CD44v6的表达水平与癌细胞的转移和患者的预后相关 ;免疫组化和RT -PCR 2种方法 ,在检测CD44v6的敏感性方面差异无显著性。

Ⅲ期乳腺癌术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗的远期疗效

目的 探讨术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗在治疗Ⅲ期乳腺癌中的临床价值。 方法 同期治疗Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者 10 9例 ,其中术前行尺动脉插管灌注化疗 6 4例 ,称A组 ;术前未化疗 45例 ,称B组。观察尺动脉插管灌注化疗对A组患者的疗效 ,并对 2组患者 5、10年生存率及无病生存率进行对比分析。 结果 A组患者的总有效率 76 6 % ,组织学有效率为 89 1% ;5、10年生存率分别为6 4 0 %、47 9% ;5、10年无病存活率分别为 5 9 4%、43 5 % ,均明显高于B组的 5、10年生存率 (31 1%、2 1 9% )及 5、10年无病存活率 (2 2 2 %、12 5 % ) ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗是治疗Ⅲ期乳腺癌的一种有效辅助措施 ,能够提高Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者的远期疗效 ,并减少局部复发和远处血行转移。

乳腺脂肪坏死108例临床分析

目的 探讨乳腺脂肪坏死的临床及病理学特征、误诊原因、诊断要点及治疗方法。方法 对我院 195 4～ 1995年收治的乳腺脂肪坏死 10 8例进行回顾性分析。结果 10 8例均为女性 ,中位年龄 5 1岁 ,93例 (86 % )在 2个月之内就诊 ,5 4例 (5 0 % )有乳腺创伤病史 ,10 7例 (99% )以乳腺肿块就诊 ,87例 (80 6 % )肿块直径小于 2 0cm ,83例 (76 9% )肿块质硬 ,边缘不清 ,2 9例 (2 6 9% )与皮肤粘连 ,临床表现酷似乳腺癌 ,仅 12例 (15 4% )乳腺X线诊断为脂肪坏死。术前临床误诊 88例 (81 5 % ) ,其中误诊为乳腺癌 6 4例 (5 9 3% )。 10 8例均行手术治疗 ,全部治愈。结论 认真询问与脂肪坏死有关的病史 ,如外伤、手术及炎症史 ,加强对脂肪坏死的认识 ,对本病的诊断极为重要。术中宜做冰冻病理检查。手术治疗效果良好。

端粒酶检测应用于乳腺癌术前诊断的价值

目的 探讨端粒酶活性检测在临床的应用价值。 方法 在 118例乳腺肿块患者中 ,分别比较了术前细针穿刺端粒酶活性检测和细胞学检查两种检测方法在乳腺癌中的诊断率 ,以及两种方法联合诊断乳腺癌诊断率。并对乳腺肿瘤端粒酶活性表达与乳腺肿瘤生物学特性的相关性进行了研究。 结果 端粒酶检测同细胞学检查相比灵敏度显著高于后者 (85 4%vs.6 7 1% ,P <0 0 5 ) ;而特异性 (72 2 %vs.86 1% )、约登指数 (5 7 6 %vs .5 3 2 % )、阳性预测值 (87 5 %vs.91 7% )差异均无显著性意义。两种方法联合诊断的阳性预测值为 10 0 % ,显著高于阳性预测值较高的细胞学检查(P <0 0 5 )。在乳腺癌中 ,端粒酶活性表达与雌激素受体、孕激素受体表达显著相关 (χ2 =5 0 3,P <0 0 5 ) ,与患者年龄 (χ2 =0 6 5 )、肿瘤直径 (χ2 =0 6 5 )、腋淋巴结转移情况 (χ2 =0 16 )无显著相关性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,在乳腺良性病变中 ,乳腺纤维腺瘤和乳腺病的端粒酶活性表达率显著高于其他病变 (χ2 =3 94,P <0 0 5 )。

生长抑素与三苯氧胺协同抗乳腺癌的体外实验研究

目的 研究生长抑素类似物奥曲肽 (OCT)和三苯氧胺 (TAM)联合抗乳腺癌的作用。方法 在体外培养条件下 ,分别或联合用OCT、TAM作用于雌激素受体 (ER)阳性 (MCF 7)和阴性(MDA MB 435S)人乳腺癌细胞株 ,应用MTT比色法分析细胞生长抑制作用 ,流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布和凋亡率 ,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构。 结果 OCT和TAM均可抑制MCF 7细胞生长、阻滞细胞周期于G0 /G1期 ,并可诱导细胞凋亡 ;当两药联合应用时 ,上述作用得到显著加强 ,凋亡率明显上升。OCT和TAM对MDA MB 435S细胞也有弱的抑制作用 ,并阻滞细胞周期于不同时相 ,而未发现明显的凋亡诱导 ,但两药联合应用 ,可诱导 2 2 7%的细胞凋亡。 结论 OCT和TAM联合应用对ER阳性和ER阴性乳腺癌细胞均具有协同抑制生长和诱导凋亡作用 。

Ⅰ期乳腺癌腋淋巴结微小转移与nm23表达的研究

目的 探讨Ⅰ期乳腺癌患者腋淋巴结微小转移及其与nm2 3表达的关系。方法 对5 2例Ⅰ期乳腺癌患者的原发癌灶及常规病理学检查未发现癌转移的 832枚腋淋巴结 ,用抗上皮细胞膜 (EMA)及nm2 3 H1单克隆抗体分别进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 被检病例的 2 3% (12 /5 2 ) ,淋巴结的 4% (34/832 )存在淋巴结内癌的微小转移 ;淋巴结微小转移癌在高分化 12 % (4 /32 )及低分化40 % (8/2 0 )癌组中的差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;5 1% (2 7/5 2 )乳腺癌组织中nm2 3为阳性表达。nm2 3阳性表达率在淋巴结微小转移癌组为 2 5 % (3/12 ) ,在非转移组为 6 0 % (2 4/4 0 ) ,两组之间的差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 以单克隆抗体 (单抗 )EMA为探针 ,采用免疫组织化学技术 ,可发现常规病理学检查难以确认的Ⅰ期乳腺癌患者的腋淋巴结微小转移。nm2 3表达下降在乳腺癌转移早期阶段即可发生。

^(99m)Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈显像诊断乳房肿块的临床价值

目的 评价99mTc 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)显像鉴别乳房肿块良恶性的价值。方法 对 10 6例乳房肿块行99mTc MIBI显像检查 ,全部病例均经手术治疗 ,与病理结果比较。结果 10 6例中乳腺癌 5 6例 ,显像阳性 48例 ,假阴性主要为肿块较小的乳腺癌 ;良性病变 5 0例 ,显像阴性 40例 ,假阳性主要为血供丰富的大纤维腺瘤。该法诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为 85 7%、特异性为 80 0 %、阳性预告值 82 8%、阴性预告值 83 3 %、总正确诊断率为 83 0 %。结论 99mTc MIBI显像是鉴别乳房良恶性肿块的有效的、无创性检查方法 ,但对大纤维腺瘤和较小的恶性肿块诊断作用较差。