利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型...利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型,采用控制变量的方法分析了传统汽车和新能源汽车在排放量和能耗方面的区别,同时以4个能源结构差异明显的国家为例,对电动汽车从能耗和排放两个方面进行了环境性方面的分析.从模拟输出数据可以看出,以新能源为主的国家比较适合发展纯电动车,其排放量明显小于以化石能源为主的国家的排放量,可见研究能源结构和电源结构对新能源汽车的环境性影响意义较大,为政府和企业的决策提供了相应的对策和建议.展开更多
基于2018年中国能源结构,研究了某品牌轿车的汽油款、甲醇款及甲醇增程款等驱动型式车辆的能源生命周期,即WTW(Well to Wheel,油井到车轮)与TTW(Tank to Wheel,油箱到车轮)CO_(2)排放。研究表明:基于中国能源结构与化石能源加工工艺,中...基于2018年中国能源结构,研究了某品牌轿车的汽油款、甲醇款及甲醇增程款等驱动型式车辆的能源生命周期,即WTW(Well to Wheel,油井到车轮)与TTW(Tank to Wheel,油箱到车轮)CO_(2)排放。研究表明:基于中国能源结构与化石能源加工工艺,中国每生产1 t汽油,产生1.732 t CO_(2);中国每生产1 t甲醇,产生0.76 t CO_(2);车辆消耗1 L/100 km汽油,产生23.6 g/km尾排,全周期产生的CO_(2)为37.1 g/km;车辆消耗1 L/100 km甲醇,产生10.9 g/km尾排,全周期产生的CO_(2)为17.2 g/km。该品牌汽油车、甲醇车及甲醇增程器车能源生命周期的CO_(2)排放分别为219 g/km、189 g/km及155 g/km。汽油车、甲醇车及甲醇增程器车的CO_(2)尾排为135 g/km,130 g/km及90 g/km。展开更多
To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes...To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system,in the path of the use of biofuels and the production,distribution and use of biomethane.The study,an update of work presented previously,focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process.A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies.In particular,the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption(NRPEC)for biomethane is slightly higher(+9%)than that of biodiesel,but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed:-69%compared to the battery electric vehicle(BEV)and-55%compared to bioethanol.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third(2.81).With regard to CO_(2) emissions,biomethane has the lowest values:-69%compared to BEV,-176%compared to bioethanol and-124%with respect to biodiesel.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the CO_(2) emissions are reduced over a third(3.55).Moreover,the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy,proposing two different hypotheses:maximum production and minimum production.It is evident,therefore,that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles:this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9×10^(6) GJ/year and a reduction of CO_(2) emissions equal to 1.9×10^(6) t/year.展开更多
文摘利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型,采用控制变量的方法分析了传统汽车和新能源汽车在排放量和能耗方面的区别,同时以4个能源结构差异明显的国家为例,对电动汽车从能耗和排放两个方面进行了环境性方面的分析.从模拟输出数据可以看出,以新能源为主的国家比较适合发展纯电动车,其排放量明显小于以化石能源为主的国家的排放量,可见研究能源结构和电源结构对新能源汽车的环境性影响意义较大,为政府和企业的决策提供了相应的对策和建议.
文摘To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system,in the path of the use of biofuels and the production,distribution and use of biomethane.The study,an update of work presented previously,focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process.A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies.In particular,the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption(NRPEC)for biomethane is slightly higher(+9%)than that of biodiesel,but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed:-69%compared to the battery electric vehicle(BEV)and-55%compared to bioethanol.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third(2.81).With regard to CO_(2) emissions,biomethane has the lowest values:-69%compared to BEV,-176%compared to bioethanol and-124%with respect to biodiesel.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the CO_(2) emissions are reduced over a third(3.55).Moreover,the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy,proposing two different hypotheses:maximum production and minimum production.It is evident,therefore,that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles:this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9×10^(6) GJ/year and a reduction of CO_(2) emissions equal to 1.9×10^(6) t/year.
