The paper critically analyzes if there was a major British political crisis in 1914 by summarizing the chain reactions among disputes.This topic has been investigated and interpreted by different scholars,who have exp...The paper critically analyzes if there was a major British political crisis in 1914 by summarizing the chain reactions among disputes.This topic has been investigated and interpreted by different scholars,who have expressed diverse perspectives regarding this topic.By using case study method,this paper will explore the 1914 British political crisis and discuss its relations with WWI,which contributes to the understanding that the political crisis is a collection of several struggles.Through the case study of the British political crisis,the paper hopes to have a clear perception about identifying the cause and effect of a political crisis.Although the British political crisis is shaped step by step,it causes negative consequences on national strength.In conclusion,the paper deepens our understanding of the process of the British political crisis.To a certain extent,it will reveal that it is difficult to overcome the political crisis,since it accumulates long-term conflicts.Moreover,the paper can be a valuable source to understand how to correctly view the impacts of the British political crisis.Admittedly,the paper is limited because not all political crises lead to long-term effects,and most countries find a solution when the political crisis appears,such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the rise of Nazis in Germany.Further studies can focus on other political crises and compare with the 1914 British political crisis.展开更多
Biomarker-based sperm analysis elevates the treatment of human infertility and ameliorates reproductive performance in livestock. The negative biomarker-based approach focuses on proteins and ligands unique to defecti...Biomarker-based sperm analysis elevates the treatment of human infertility and ameliorates reproductive performance in livestock. The negative biomarker-based approach focuses on proteins and ligands unique to defective spermatozoa, regardless of their morphological phenotype, lending itself to analysis by flow cytometry （FC）. A prime example is the spermatid specific thioredoxin SPTRX3/TXNDC8, retained in the nuclear vacuoles and superfluous cytoplasm of defective human spermatozoa. Infertile couples with high semen SPTRX3 are less likely to conceive by assisted reproductive therapies （ART） and more prone to recurrent miscarriage while low SPTRX3 has been associated with multiple ART births. Ubiquitin, a small, proteolysis-promoting covalent posttranslational protein modifier is found on the surface of defective posttesticular spermatozoa and in the damaged protein aggregates, the aggresomes of spermiogenic origin. Semen ubiquitin content correlates negatively with fertility and conventional semen parameters, and with sperm binding of lectins LCA （Lens culinaris agglutinin; reveals altered sperm surface） and PNA （Arachis hypogaealpeanut agglutinin; reveals acrosomal malformation or damage）. The Postacrosomal Sheath WWl Domain Binding Protein （PAWP）, implicated in oocyte activation during fertilization, is ectopic or absent from defective human and animal spermatozoa. Consequently, FC-parameters of PAWP correlate with ART outcomes in infertile couples and with fertility in bulls. Assays based on the above biomarkers have been combined into multiplex FC semen screening protocols, and the surface expression of lectins and ubiquitin has been utilized to develop nanoparticle-based bull semen purification method validated by field artificial insemination trials. These advances go hand-in-hand with the innovation of FC-technology and genomics/proteomics-based biomarker discovery.展开更多
文摘The paper critically analyzes if there was a major British political crisis in 1914 by summarizing the chain reactions among disputes.This topic has been investigated and interpreted by different scholars,who have expressed diverse perspectives regarding this topic.By using case study method,this paper will explore the 1914 British political crisis and discuss its relations with WWI,which contributes to the understanding that the political crisis is a collection of several struggles.Through the case study of the British political crisis,the paper hopes to have a clear perception about identifying the cause and effect of a political crisis.Although the British political crisis is shaped step by step,it causes negative consequences on national strength.In conclusion,the paper deepens our understanding of the process of the British political crisis.To a certain extent,it will reveal that it is difficult to overcome the political crisis,since it accumulates long-term conflicts.Moreover,the paper can be a valuable source to understand how to correctly view the impacts of the British political crisis.Admittedly,the paper is limited because not all political crises lead to long-term effects,and most countries find a solution when the political crisis appears,such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the rise of Nazis in Germany.Further studies can focus on other political crises and compare with the 1914 British political crisis.
文摘Biomarker-based sperm analysis elevates the treatment of human infertility and ameliorates reproductive performance in livestock. The negative biomarker-based approach focuses on proteins and ligands unique to defective spermatozoa, regardless of their morphological phenotype, lending itself to analysis by flow cytometry （FC）. A prime example is the spermatid specific thioredoxin SPTRX3/TXNDC8, retained in the nuclear vacuoles and superfluous cytoplasm of defective human spermatozoa. Infertile couples with high semen SPTRX3 are less likely to conceive by assisted reproductive therapies （ART） and more prone to recurrent miscarriage while low SPTRX3 has been associated with multiple ART births. Ubiquitin, a small, proteolysis-promoting covalent posttranslational protein modifier is found on the surface of defective posttesticular spermatozoa and in the damaged protein aggregates, the aggresomes of spermiogenic origin. Semen ubiquitin content correlates negatively with fertility and conventional semen parameters, and with sperm binding of lectins LCA （Lens culinaris agglutinin; reveals altered sperm surface） and PNA （Arachis hypogaealpeanut agglutinin; reveals acrosomal malformation or damage）. The Postacrosomal Sheath WWl Domain Binding Protein （PAWP）, implicated in oocyte activation during fertilization, is ectopic or absent from defective human and animal spermatozoa. Consequently, FC-parameters of PAWP correlate with ART outcomes in infertile couples and with fertility in bulls. Assays based on the above biomarkers have been combined into multiplex FC semen screening protocols, and the surface expression of lectins and ubiquitin has been utilized to develop nanoparticle-based bull semen purification method validated by field artificial insemination trials. These advances go hand-in-hand with the innovation of FC-technology and genomics/proteomics-based biomarker discovery.
