This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approxi...This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approximately 30% of total energy consumed worldwide. The greatest contributors to energy expenditure in buildings are internal artificial lighting and heating and cooling systems. The WWR, determined by the proportion of the building’s glazed area to its wall area, is a significant factor influencing energy efficiency and minimizing energy load. This study introduces the development of a semi-automated computer model designed to offer a real-time, interactive simulation environment, fostering improving communication and engagement between designers and owners. The said model serves to optimize both the WWR and building orientation to align with occupants’ needs and expectations, subsequently reducing annual energy consumption and enhancing the overall building energy performance. The integrated model incorporates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR), and Energy Analysis tools deployed at the conceptual design stage, allowing for the amalgamation of owners’ inputs in the design process and facilitating the creation of more realistic and effective design strategies.展开更多
It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, ...It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, the establishment of passive solar houses should be an effective strategy to deal with the problem of thermal comfort. Both window to wall ratio(WWR) and sunspace depth are of vital importance to determine the thermal comfort level of passive solar houses, while there are limited studies on analyzing their impacts on passive solar houses in high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study is designed to examine how WWR and sunspace depth affect space heating of passive solar houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. To be specific, the hourly radiation temperature variations and percentages of dissatisfaction of the residential building with different sunspace depth/WWR(including 0.9 m/33%, 0.9 m/45%, 0.9 m/60%, 1.2 m/33% and 1.5 m/33%) were quantitatively examined. Results indicated that under the condition of 0.9 m/45%, the overall average radiation temperature of the building was approximately 16°C during the entire heating season, which could better satisfy the heating requirements. Meanwhile, the average temperature was higher, and the thermal comfort level was better under the ratio of 45% or the depth of 1.5 m, when only an individual factor in either ratio or depth was considered. These findings can provide references for the determination of dimensions of passive solar houses in high-altitude regions.展开更多
The Jiarong Tibetan traditional residence is a characteristic regional architecture, located in a high-intensity, high-altitude and cold area, with geographic identification, and is a typical representative of this et...The Jiarong Tibetan traditional residence is a characteristic regional architecture, located in a high-intensity, high-altitude and cold area, with geographic identification, and is a typical representative of this ethnic group. It has also become an important tourist destination and has important research value. The research used the methods of field survey surveying and mapping to conduct field survey and surveying on 20 buildings in Xisuo Village, a traditional village in the Jiarong Tibetan area. Measure building plans, elevations, and building sections, and collect measurement data for statistical analysis. The results show that the average total height of the building is 10.08 m, the average total building span is 12.44 m, the average total depth is 10.87 m, and the squareness is 0.87. The square shape of the building is more in line with the seismic requirements of high-intensity areas and the local terrain environment<span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The maximum window-wall ratio in the building is 0.18 south for the second floor, and 0.025 west for the first floor. Smaller window-to-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wall ratios have better adaptability to high-altitude cold areas</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The height of the building beam section is generally from 0.17 m to 0.32 m, and the average Beam span-depth ratio is 0.10. The building space construction has a good match with the properties of wood materials. These conclusions quantitatively analyze the characteristics of stone-built houses in high-intensity, high-altitude and cold areas, supplement the research on ethnic regional architecture, and provide materials and references for the design, repair and update of related buildings.</span>展开更多
中国积极推进300万平方公里海洋国土建设,目前正在大力建设南海的西沙群岛和南沙群岛海域.海洋中的岛屿、岛礁气候与陆地气候差异较大,具有高温、高湿、强辐射的海洋气候特点.在这种特殊的气候条件下,结合岛上资源匮乏的事实,研发低能...中国积极推进300万平方公里海洋国土建设,目前正在大力建设南海的西沙群岛和南沙群岛海域.海洋中的岛屿、岛礁气候与陆地气候差异较大,具有高温、高湿、强辐射的海洋气候特点.在这种特殊的气候条件下,结合岛上资源匮乏的事实,研发低能耗建筑成为必然.为确定与岛礁气候相适宜的低能耗建筑的围护结构特点,以西沙的气象实测数据为例分析海洋气候特点,采用动态模拟的方法,以岛礁上拟建宾馆建筑为对象,分析不同朝向窗墙比变化对建筑全年能耗的影响.结果表明:湿负荷约占空调负荷的40%,在夏季西向房间空调负荷最高,南向最低;窗墙比每增加0.1,单位建筑面积空调负荷可增加3~5 k Wh,但空调负荷随东西向窗墙比的增长速度较南北向快;采用综合遮阳方式的节能率最高,约为7%.本研究结果旨在为中国南部海域岛礁建筑窗墙比的合理取值提供参考.展开更多
文摘This study unfolds an innovative approach aiming to address the critical role of building design in global energy consumption, focusing on optimizing the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), since buildings account for approximately 30% of total energy consumed worldwide. The greatest contributors to energy expenditure in buildings are internal artificial lighting and heating and cooling systems. The WWR, determined by the proportion of the building’s glazed area to its wall area, is a significant factor influencing energy efficiency and minimizing energy load. This study introduces the development of a semi-automated computer model designed to offer a real-time, interactive simulation environment, fostering improving communication and engagement between designers and owners. The said model serves to optimize both the WWR and building orientation to align with occupants’ needs and expectations, subsequently reducing annual energy consumption and enhancing the overall building energy performance. The integrated model incorporates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR), and Energy Analysis tools deployed at the conceptual design stage, allowing for the amalgamation of owners’ inputs in the design process and facilitating the creation of more realistic and effective design strategies.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China-Technical System and Key Technology Development of Nearly Zero Energy Building (No. 2017YFC0702600)the opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology (BSBE2017-08)+1 种基金the Major Basic Research Development and Transformation Program of Qinghai province (No. 2016-NN-141 )the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2018MS103, 2018MS108 and 2017MS119 )
文摘It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, the establishment of passive solar houses should be an effective strategy to deal with the problem of thermal comfort. Both window to wall ratio(WWR) and sunspace depth are of vital importance to determine the thermal comfort level of passive solar houses, while there are limited studies on analyzing their impacts on passive solar houses in high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study is designed to examine how WWR and sunspace depth affect space heating of passive solar houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. To be specific, the hourly radiation temperature variations and percentages of dissatisfaction of the residential building with different sunspace depth/WWR(including 0.9 m/33%, 0.9 m/45%, 0.9 m/60%, 1.2 m/33% and 1.5 m/33%) were quantitatively examined. Results indicated that under the condition of 0.9 m/45%, the overall average radiation temperature of the building was approximately 16°C during the entire heating season, which could better satisfy the heating requirements. Meanwhile, the average temperature was higher, and the thermal comfort level was better under the ratio of 45% or the depth of 1.5 m, when only an individual factor in either ratio or depth was considered. These findings can provide references for the determination of dimensions of passive solar houses in high-altitude regions.
文摘The Jiarong Tibetan traditional residence is a characteristic regional architecture, located in a high-intensity, high-altitude and cold area, with geographic identification, and is a typical representative of this ethnic group. It has also become an important tourist destination and has important research value. The research used the methods of field survey surveying and mapping to conduct field survey and surveying on 20 buildings in Xisuo Village, a traditional village in the Jiarong Tibetan area. Measure building plans, elevations, and building sections, and collect measurement data for statistical analysis. The results show that the average total height of the building is 10.08 m, the average total building span is 12.44 m, the average total depth is 10.87 m, and the squareness is 0.87. The square shape of the building is more in line with the seismic requirements of high-intensity areas and the local terrain environment<span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The maximum window-wall ratio in the building is 0.18 south for the second floor, and 0.025 west for the first floor. Smaller window-to-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wall ratios have better adaptability to high-altitude cold areas</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The height of the building beam section is generally from 0.17 m to 0.32 m, and the average Beam span-depth ratio is 0.10. The building space construction has a good match with the properties of wood materials. These conclusions quantitatively analyze the characteristics of stone-built houses in high-intensity, high-altitude and cold areas, supplement the research on ethnic regional architecture, and provide materials and references for the design, repair and update of related buildings.</span>
文摘中国积极推进300万平方公里海洋国土建设,目前正在大力建设南海的西沙群岛和南沙群岛海域.海洋中的岛屿、岛礁气候与陆地气候差异较大,具有高温、高湿、强辐射的海洋气候特点.在这种特殊的气候条件下,结合岛上资源匮乏的事实,研发低能耗建筑成为必然.为确定与岛礁气候相适宜的低能耗建筑的围护结构特点,以西沙的气象实测数据为例分析海洋气候特点,采用动态模拟的方法,以岛礁上拟建宾馆建筑为对象,分析不同朝向窗墙比变化对建筑全年能耗的影响.结果表明:湿负荷约占空调负荷的40%,在夏季西向房间空调负荷最高,南向最低;窗墙比每增加0.1,单位建筑面积空调负荷可增加3~5 k Wh,但空调负荷随东西向窗墙比的增长速度较南北向快;采用综合遮阳方式的节能率最高,约为7%.本研究结果旨在为中国南部海域岛礁建筑窗墙比的合理取值提供参考.
