Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this...Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.展开更多
Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, t...Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, the trade-off between the ride-hailing service and the car-rental service is an important issue that is still unclear in theory. Moreover, ride-hailing platforms are transitioning towards all-electric fleets in the context of Carbon Neutrality goals and government regulations. This paper considers a ride-hailing system comprising a monopolist ride-hailing platform, an electric vehicle (EV) rental firm, and a gasoline vehicle (GV) rental firm. Furthermore, we build a stylized model to study the sequential pricing of the system. The equilibrium outcomes show the significant impact of the ride-hailing platform’s decision to continue or withdraw offering EV rental services on EV and GV drivers’ net earnings, rental prices, and wages. The ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services increases EV drivers’ net earnings but decreases the GV driver wages and rental prices. However, the EV rental service offered by the ride-hailing platform does not necessarily lead to an increased total profit for the system. The improved profitability of the system by the ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services is contingent upon lower rider prices and higher fuel costs. The ride-hailing platform’s EV rental services provision also effectively fosters the ride-hailing fleet’s electrification. Furthermore, as the number of riders increases, the ride-hailing platform should reduce the commission rate for EV drivers to maintain competitiveness and profitability.展开更多
文摘Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),under Grant No.71871151.The authors thank the anonymous referees and editors for their valuable comments that significantly contributed towards improving the quality of the paper.
文摘Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, the trade-off between the ride-hailing service and the car-rental service is an important issue that is still unclear in theory. Moreover, ride-hailing platforms are transitioning towards all-electric fleets in the context of Carbon Neutrality goals and government regulations. This paper considers a ride-hailing system comprising a monopolist ride-hailing platform, an electric vehicle (EV) rental firm, and a gasoline vehicle (GV) rental firm. Furthermore, we build a stylized model to study the sequential pricing of the system. The equilibrium outcomes show the significant impact of the ride-hailing platform’s decision to continue or withdraw offering EV rental services on EV and GV drivers’ net earnings, rental prices, and wages. The ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services increases EV drivers’ net earnings but decreases the GV driver wages and rental prices. However, the EV rental service offered by the ride-hailing platform does not necessarily lead to an increased total profit for the system. The improved profitability of the system by the ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services is contingent upon lower rider prices and higher fuel costs. The ride-hailing platform’s EV rental services provision also effectively fosters the ride-hailing fleet’s electrification. Furthermore, as the number of riders increases, the ride-hailing platform should reduce the commission rate for EV drivers to maintain competitiveness and profitability.
