SEGMENT DENSITY PROFILES OF COMPACT POLYMER CHAINS CONFINED BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL PLANE WALLS

We use the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method to investigate systematically the segment density profiles of compact polymer chains confined between two parallel plane walls. The non-adsorption case of adsorption interaction energy ε = 0 and the weak adsorption case of ε= -1 are considered for the compact polymer chains with different chain lengths N and different separation distances between two walls D. Several special entropy effects on the confined compact polymer chains, such as a damped oscillation in the segment density profile for the large separation distance D, are observed and discussed for different separation distances D in the non-adsorption case. In the weak adsorption case, investigations on the segment density profiles indicate that the competition between the entropy and adsorption effects results in an obvious depletion layer. Moreover, the scaling laws of the damped oscillation period Td and the depletion layer width Ld are obtained for the confined compact chains. Most of these results are obtained for the first time so far as we know, which are expected to understand the properties of the confined compact polymer chains more completely.

Shaking Table Test on Out-of-Plane Stability of Infill Masonry Wall

The behaviors of infill wall in earthquakes show that infill masonry walls,which are used as nonstructural elements of concrete frames,are vulnerable when they are subjected to earthquake.In order to achieve an optimal antiseismic behavior,or even stability,two methods of connection are investigated.The shaking table tests,with 1:3 scale walls of two-storey model subjected to horizontal earthquake loads,were carried out to investigate the out-of-plane behaviors with different connections between walls and beams.The test results show that the connection methods employed between walls and beams have a significant effect on the out-of-plane stability of infill walls.The walls bound by bars with the beams perform better than those with inclined bricks without gaps.

钢筋混凝土夹板墙加固石砌体片墙力学性能分析

为保护福州市平潭地区传统石头厝建筑的独特风格,本研究拟采用钢筋混凝土夹板墙对其进行加固并对其力学性能加以分析。为明确该加固技术对内、外墙的不同加固效果,首先,利用有限元数值分析软件ABAQUS分别建立了未加固、单侧加固和双侧加固的石砌体片墙试件的数值分析模型;然后,通过面外单向加载分析了混凝土加固层厚度及配筋率对加固墙体性的影响。结果表明,钢筋混凝土夹板墙能大幅度提高石砌体片墙的承载力,且随着加固层混凝土厚度的增加,墙体承载能力不断增大,但配筋率对加固效果的提高作用不明显。

双面叠合装配式管廊侧墙面外抗震性能试验

为研究采用螺旋箍筋套筒底节点连接的预制双面叠合式管廊侧墙在面外荷载作用下的受力变形性能,对2个采用该节点连接的足尺侧墙试件进行了不同轴压比下低周往复加载试验,并与对应2个现浇试件作对比,初步揭示了螺旋箍筋套筒底节点和竖向轴压比对管廊侧墙面外抗震受力变形性能的影响。试验结果表明:两种试件滞回曲线均较为饱满,具有良好的抗震耗能能力,满足装配式结构抗震变形设计要求;叠合装配试件上部区域剪切变形均高于现浇试件,且裂缝遍布整个墙体高度范围,具有良好的面外变形能力。

完全暴露的碳基电极边缘-平面位点用于高效水氧化

开发经济高效的析氧反应电催化剂对于推进可充电金属-空气电池和电解水技术的发展至关重要.一般来说,具有完整蜂窝结构的石墨碳基面是电化学惰性的,需要依赖缺陷或者掺杂结构诱导的电荷极化效应来提升催化活性.相比于基面,边缘位点具有特殊的局域电子态,为提升石墨碳电极的本征催化活性开辟了新的思路,然而其结构精准构筑目前仍面临极大挑战.本文以“人字形”多壁碳纳米管(H-MWCNTs)作为研究切入点,利用高温熔盐介质主导的插层剥离和截断效应,实现“边缘-平面位点”结构可控构筑,为实现高效电解水析氧反应(OER)提供了重要的结构基础.通过熔盐辅助热解方法可控制备了具有完全暴露的内外边缘平面的目标催化剂H-MWCNTs-MS,并研究其OER催化性能.在碱性介质中10 mA cm^(-2)电流密度所需过电位仅为236 mV,是目前报道的较好的非金属电催化剂.同时,H-MWCNTs-MS在10,50和100 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下均表现出较好的电化学稳定性.利用原位衰减全反射-表面增强红外吸收光谱(ATR-SEIRAS)技术研究了“边缘-平面位点”在OER过程中的结构重构过程,与理论计算分析的高能“边缘态”结果一致,并确定酮氧官能化位点为真实催化活性中心.理论计算结果表明,氧官能团修饰结构能够显著促进电荷的再分配,增强层间耦合作用,降低关键含氧中间体*OOH的形成能垒,加速OER反应动力学.此外,H-MWCNTs-MS的开放式结构极大程度提高了“边缘-平面位点”的利用率,减小的纳米管壁厚促进了层间电荷迁移,也是增强OER活性的关键要素.综上,精准构筑“边缘-平面位点”为开发高效石墨碳电极开辟了新的思路,通过原位谱学技术揭示边缘位点催化结构重构,能够进一步丰富研究者对于电催化协同效应的科学认识.

基于小平面区域特征的文物碎片重组算法

针对非薄壁文物碎片重组复原过程中,因碎片边缘或断裂面磨损而导致拼接误差大的问题,提出了一种基于小平面区域特征的文物碎片拼接算法。首先根据区域增长分割把碎片的三维点云分割出许多小平面,建立以小平面作为拼接的特征区域,根据特征描述找到初始相似的小平面区域对,然后灵活应用几何约束+随机采样一致性(RANSAC)约束策略的方法,消除误匹配;最后通过4PCS(4-Points Congruent Sets)算法进行碎片的粗对齐,再根据迭代最近点算法(ICP)实现碎片的精确拼接。实验结果表明:小平面的特征描述简单,且有较强的稳健性,采用两级约束策略的方法较好的解决了误匹配问题,提高了磨损碎片拼接的成功率,同时有效减少渗透现象。

框架填充墙平面外抗震性能数值模拟

为研究不同程度平面内(IP)损伤,以及加载制度对框架填充墙平面外(OOP)抗震性能的影响,采用ABAQUS软件对分离式框架填充墙模型进行分析。模拟结果表明:框架填充墙平面内损伤程度是影响平面外承载力与刚度的重要因素,平面外承载力与刚度随着平面内损伤程度增大而降低;以1/200位移角为幅值进行低周往复加载后维持平面内位移,框架填充墙平面外承载力有一定提高,但维持平面内位移对于延缓平面外刚度退化影响不显著;框架填充墙平面内受损程度增加后,达到平面外峰值荷载时墙体面外变形程度增大,以1/100位移角为幅值进行低周往复加载后,维持平面内位移对墙体平面外横向变形有一定增大作用。

RC框架填充墙加固平面外抗震性能研究综述

填充墙作为钢筋混凝土框架结构中的维护构件,通过拉结筋与主体结构连接。填充墙对主体结构刚度的增大作用、填充墙与主体结构的相互作用设计时并未考虑,也逐步受到重视。现有对填充墙加固的研究主要集中在平面内的抗震性能,而震害调查表明,填充墙在地震作用下会发生平面外倒塌,产生安全隐患,所以对填充墙进行抗震加固,并对加固后结构平面外抗震性能进行研究是十分有必要的。文中从加固材料、端部锚固、填充墙与RC框架连接方式以及填充墙的平面面内损伤对面外的影响四个部分,介绍了填充墙加固后的抗震性能,对现有研究中存在的问题进行分析,并对填充墙平面外性能研究进行了展望。

方钢混凝土柱填充墙面外性能分析

在填充墙中设置构造柱是提高砌体结构面外承载力的重要措施,为了解决传统钢筋混凝土构造柱施工复杂、质量无法保证、难以回收利用等缺陷,提出在填充墙中设置方钢管混凝土构造柱,以进一步提高对墙体的约束能力和砌筑结构的安全性。通过对6块填充墙进行平面外加载试验,以分析两种不同构造柱下填充墙缩尺模型的面外承载能力。并采用ABAQUS模拟填充墙的面外极限荷载。试验结果表明,两构造柱的填充墙具有相同的面外受力表现,而方钢管混凝土构造柱较传统构造柱对墙体的约束效果提升了80.3%,面外极限荷载约提升了249.9%。

壁面冷却空气对贫油吹熄特性影响的激光诊断研究

针对燃烧室中冷却壁面的冷却气膜会影响燃烧室内的流场、改变回流区结构,从而影响贫油吹熄特性这一问题,在一带有气膜冷却的旋流燃烧室上开展了不同壁面空气占比下的贫油吹熄极限测量。结果表明:壁面冷却空气占比达到0.2时,不同燃油流量下,以全局空气流量计算,燃烧室吹熄当量比降低的范围在0.09~0.1之间;以主流空气计算,吹熄当量比降低范围在0.01~0.028之间。为了更加深入研究这一规律的原因,开展了平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)激光诊断测量,可知引入壁面冷却空气后,OH基更集中分布在靠近燃烧室底部的火焰根部。在稳定火焰工况中,与近吹熄火焰相比,在燃烧室底部附近的火焰中央有大量OH基分布,这将有助于火焰的稳定,并拓宽贫油吹熄极限。米氏散射实验结果表明,引入壁面冷却空气后可使燃油液滴更集中分布在燃烧室底部附近,这将导致根部火焰局部当量比提高,易于形成稳定的火焰。结合所得实验结果,在所使用的旋流模型燃烧室内,加入占比为0.2的壁面冷却空气,可以拓宽燃烧室的贫油吹熄极限,有助于火焰的稳定。研究结果有望对带有冷却气膜的燃烧室的燃烧稳定性调控问题提供一定的理论指导。

某大跨度异形板的结构设计与分析

以广州某住宅楼大跨度异形板为例,针对大跨度异形板及周边剪力墙容易出现裂缝的问题,通过强度设计、挠度裂缝分析、温度应力分析、舒适度分析、剪力墙平面外强度分析等设计方法,提出防止出现裂缝问题的措施在于大跨度异形板不仅要加强构造,还应在计算中同时满足强度计、裂缝计算、温度应力计算、舒适度计算、剪力墙平面外强度计算,以此满足结构安全和使用舒适度要求。

考虑割理面时煤层造斜段坍塌压力变化规律研究

在武威盆地太原组水平井钻进作业时,依据井史数据调研发现,煤层段卡钻、井径扩大、钻具掉落等井壁坍塌导致的井下复杂事故发生,严重制约了煤层气勘探开发的进程。由于煤岩交错割理性(面割理、端割理)弱结构面发育,使煤岩在造斜钻进时井壁破坏在力学上呈现为非连续性和非均质性。建立了考虑弱面的井壁坍塌数学模型。通过分析煤岩矿物成分、微宏观结构,确定煤岩井壁坍塌为力学机制占主导因素,得出割理导致的煤岩碎裂成块是井壁失稳的根本原因,建议在后续煤层钻井中优化井眼轨迹、优化钻井液性能进行井壁防塌,并引入煤岩井壁坍塌实时监测系统。

Experimental detection of bubble-wall interactions in a vertical gas–liquid flow

Bubble motions and bubble-wall interactions in stagnant liquid were experimentally investigated by high-speed CCD and PIV technique with the main feature parameters such as E?tv?s numbers Eo = 0.98–1.10, Morton number Mo = 3.21 × 10^(-9)and Reynolds numbers Re = 180 ~ 190. The effect of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S between the gas injection nozzle and the wall on the statistical trajectory of bubbles, average velocity distribution of flow field and Reynolds shear stress were studied in detail. It was shown that the combination of bubble injecting frequency and the distance S caused different bubble motion forms and hydrodynamic characteristics.When the normalized initial distance was very little, like S*≈ 1.2(here S*= 2S/d_e, and deis the bubble equivalent diameter), bubbles ascended in a zigzag trajectory with alternant structure of high and low speed flow field around the bubbles, and the distribution of positive and negative Reynolds shear stress looked like a blob. With the increase of distance S*, bubbles' trajectory would tend to be smooth and straight from the zigzag curve. Meanwhile, with the increase of bubble injecting frequency, the camber of bubble trajectory at 20<y<60 mm had a slight increase due to the inhibitory effect from the vertical wall. Under larger spacing, such as S*≈ 3.6, the low-frequency bubbles gradually moved away from the vertical plane wall in a straight trajectory and the high-frequency bubbles gradually moved close to the vertical wall in a similar straight trajectory after an unstable camber motion. Under the circumstances, high-speed fluid was mainly distributed in the region between the wall and the bubbles, while the relative large Reynolds shear stress mainly existed in the region far away from the wall.

Performance of masonry enclosure walls:lessons learned from recent earthquakes

This paper discusses the issue of performance requirements and construction criteria for masonry enclosure and infill walls. Vertical building enclosures in European countries are very often constituted by non-load-bearing masonry walls, using horizontally perforated clay bricks. These walls are generally supported and confined by a reinforced concrete frame structure of columns and beams/slabs. Since these walls are commonly considered to be nonstructural elements and their influence on the structural response is ignored, their consideration in the design of structures as well as their connection to the adjacent structural elements is frequently negligent or insufficiently detailed. As a consequence, nonstructural elements, as for wall enclosures, are relatively sensitive to drift and acceleration demands when buildings are subjected to seismic actions. Many international standards and technical documents stress the need for design acceptability criteria for nonstructural elements, however they do not specifically indicate how to prevent collapse and severe cracking, and how to enhance the overall stability in the case of moderate to high seismic loading. Furthermore, a review of appropriate measures to improve enclosure wall performance and both in-plane and out-of-plane integrity under seismic actions is addressed.

Impedance Analytical Method of Wave Run-up and Reflection from A Slotted-Wall Caisson Breakwater

An impedance analytical method （IAM） is developed to study the interaction of plane water wave with a slotted-wall caisson breakwater. The non-linear boundary condition at the slotted-wall is expressed in terms of flow resistance. A set of algebraic expressions are obtained for free surface elevation inside and outside chamber, and reflection coefficient. The prediction of the reflection coefficients shows that the relative widths of the chamber inducing the minimum reflection coefficient for a slotted-wall caisson breakwater are in a range of 0.10～0.20, which are smaller than that （0.15～0.25） for a perforated-wall caisson breakwater. The reflection coefficients and free surface elevation obtained by the present model are compared with that of laboratory experiments carried out by previous researchers.

Study on the cutting plane friction law of sandstone

The friction characteristics of rock damage plane have important impact on the stability of block structure formed after the stratum is broken. The mechanics properties of rock damage plane are described by parameters such as roughness coefficient, wall compress strength and basic friction angle. These three coefficients for fine grain sandstone and medium granular sandstone and grit sandstone are test. The friction stress is researched at the condition of different normal compressive stress acting on the tension damage plane. The friction law of tension damage plane of sandstone abided by is summed up. This law will provide scientific basis for block structure stability judging in basic roof stratum and roof pressure intensity calculating.

On the generation of drift flows in wall-bounded flows transiting to turbulence

Despite recent progress, laminar-turbulent coexistence in transitional planar wall-bounded shear flows is still not well understood. Contrasting with the processes by which chaotic flow inside turbulent patches is sustained at the local(minimal flow unit) scale, the mechanisms controlling the obliqueness of laminar-turbulent interfaces typically observed all along the coexistence range are still mysterious. An extension of Waleffe's approach [Waleffe, 1997] is used to show that,already at the local scale, drift flows breaking the problem's spanwise symmetry are generated just by slightly detuning the modes involved in the self-sustainment process. This opens perspectives for theorizing the formation of laminar-turbulent patterns.

Thick Domain Walls in Lyra Geometry with Bulk Viscosity

在这篇论文，我们在体积的存在在天琴座几何学为飞机对称的厚领域墙评估一般答案粘滞液体。为精力密度和域墙的压力的表达式在制服和时间变化排水量域 &#946; 的两个盒子中被导出。模型的一些物理后果也被给。最后，测试粒子的测地学的方程和加速被讨论。

轻钢龙骨防火外墙及其与钢框架连接的平面外受力性能分析

针对轻钢龙骨防火外墙在L形角钢连接、异形角钢连接两种连接方式下的平面外受力性能进行了试验研究。然后采用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行模拟分析,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的有效性。进而考虑竖向轻钢龙骨间距及布置方式、横向轻钢龙骨厚度、异形角钢连接件个数、L形角钢与型钢梁连接自攻螺钉个数、L形角钢厚度六个因素的影响,对轻钢龙骨防火外墙及其与钢框架连接的平面外受力性能进行有限元模拟分析。结果表明:增加异形角钢连接件个数或L形角钢的自攻螺钉个数可提高墙体平面外极限承载力和刚度及连接件平面外刚度,且提高效果最为显著;减小龙骨间距能提高墙体平面外极限承载力及刚度;增加横向轻钢龙骨厚度能提高墙体平面外极限承载力和连接件平面外刚度;增加L形角钢厚度可明显提高墙体及连接件平面外刚度。

考虑建基面的沥青混凝土心墙坝竣工期沉降计算

为探究不同建基面形状对沥青混凝土心墙坝竣工期沉降的影响,采用邓肯-张非线性模型对轿子山沥青混凝土心墙坝的竣工期坝体沉降进行了计算。对比依据轿子山大坝实际剖面简化而来的理想算例以及不同坝高的其他典型工程计算结果,发现在数值模拟中计算大坝的最大沉降占比时,应该使用修正后的坝高,即总坝高减去心墙向下延伸的高度,且坝高90~140 m范围内最大沉降比与坝高之间为线性关系。为了进一步验证上述发现的普遍性,又对理想坝型研究了不同坝体建基面形状与心墙及过渡层(向下)延伸段对坝体沉降的影响。结果表明:在相同坝高下,坝体与基岩的交界面与水平方向的夹角越大,坝体最大沉降越小,从基岩受力变形角度初步解释了坝体沉降变化的原因,即是侧向分担了部分坝体自重;心墙及过渡层延伸段的存在会使坝体最大沉降略有减小,但延伸段高度及倾角的变化对坝体沉降的变化影响不明显。建议在坝基开挖的过程中,尽量使上下游建基面与水平面间保持一个尽可能大的夹角,同时将心墙及过渡层向坝基深处延伸一段距离。研究成果可供沥青混凝土心墙坝工程设计和施工参考。