Determination of optimal blowing-to-suction flow ratio in mechanized excavation face with wall-mounted swirling ventilation using numerical simulations

Wall-mounted swirling ventilation is a new type of system in mechanized excavation faces with a dust sup-pression performance that is closely related to the blowing-to-suction flow ratio.Physical and simulation models were developed according to the No.C103 mechanized excavation face in the Nahe Coal Mine of the Baise Mining Bureau,Guangxi Province to optimize the blowing-to-suction flow ratio for wall-mounted swirling ventilation.Both the k-εturbulence model and the discrete phase model were utilized to simulate airflow field structures and dust concentration distribution patterns at various blowing-to-suction flow ratios.The results suggest that higher blowing-to-suction flow ratios increase the airflow field disturbance around the working face and weaken the intensity of the axial air curtain.On the other hand,both the intensity of the radial air curtain and the dust suppression effect are enhanced.At a blowing-to-suction flow ratio of 0.8,the wall-mounted swirling ventilation system achieved the most favorable dust suppression performance.Both the total dust and respirable dust had their lowest concentrations with maximum efficiencies of reducing both types at 90.33%and 87.16%,respectively.

Adaptive Wall-Based Attachment Ventilation:A Comparative Study on Its Effectiveness in Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms with Negative Pressure

The transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has presented challenges for the control of the indoor environment of isolation wards.Scientific air distribution design and operation management are crucial to ensure the environmental safety of medical staff.This paper proposes the application of adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation and evaluates this air supply mode based on contaminants dispersion,removal efficiency,thermal comfort,and operating expense.Adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation provides a direct supply of fresh air to the occupied zone.In comparison with a ceiling air supply or upper sidewall air supply,adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation results in a 15%–47%lower average concentration of contaminants,for a continual release of contaminants at the same air changes per hour(ACH;10 h^(-1)).The contaminant removal efficiency of complete mixing ventilation cannot exceed 1.For adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation,the contaminant removal efficiency is an exponential function of the ACH.Compared with the ceiling air supply mode or upper sidewall air supply mode,adaptive wall-based attachment ventilation achieves a similar thermal comfort level(predicted mean vote(PMV)of0.1–0.4;draught rate of 2.5%–6.7%)and a similar performance in removing contaminants,but has a lower ACH and uses less energy.

地下大空间变工作区贴附送风空气分布特性

针对地下大空间环控系统能耗大以及实际中空调控制区改变的问题,在贴附送风的基础上提出适用地下大空间的变工作区贴附送风。采用数值模拟的方法,首先进行正交实验研究了等温工况下导流板与墙壁间的缝隙宽度、射流特征厚度、矩形柱跨度对流量比的影响程度大小,并通过量纲分析得出流量比q关于缝隙宽度与射流特征厚度之比x/δ_(0.5)间的关系式,即导流板的流量分配规律;其次将变工作区贴附送风与混合通风、柱壁贴附送风的空气分布特性进行了比较,研究结果显示,相比于另外两种送风方式,变工作区贴附送风可有效降低呼吸区的空气龄,并具有更好的节能效果。

排风口位置对竖壁贴附射流夜间通风降温效果影响的分析

针对成都地区气候特征,开展排风口位置对竖壁贴附射流夜间通风降温效果的分析。选取夏季典型日气象参数进行数值模拟,针对s/b=2,送风速度为4m/s,分析上部排风和下部排风对室内速度场和温度场的影响。上排风和下排风对竖壁贴附区速度场无明显影响,但是下排风情况下水平贴附区射流主体性保持较好,水平空气湖区速度较大。上排风模式下射流沿着壁面继续向上“攀附”一段距离,对贴附墙体降温效果更好。

Study on attached ventilation based on inclined walls

In practical engineering,inclined building walls are often presented due to their functional and aesthetic needs.A reasonable air distribution design is essential for creating a satisfactory indoor environment in such buildings.In the present study,inclined walls with a variable inclination angle β were used as the research object to explore a novel air supply mode.Visualization experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the induced airflow,such as the airflow pattern,the airflow characteristics(maximum jet velocity decay and jet spreading rate)and the ventilation effect(vertical air temperature difference,draft rate,air diffusion performance index).The results show that the"air lake"phenomena occurred over the floor,which resembles the displacement ventilation to some extent.The proposed air supply mode has a good ventilation effect and could be applied to building spaces with inclined walls.The current study can be used as a reference for ventilation design in buildings with inclined walls.

Airflow pattern and performance of attached ventilation for two types of tiny spaces

With the emergence of urban sentry boxes and capsule hotels,the development of tiny spaces with the concept of a reasonable minimum occupied space has attracted widespread attention from society.The ventilation mode that fits with the limited geometric characteristics of tiny spaces is worth exploring.Combined with the respective ventilation requirements of two types of tiny spaces,i.e.,sentry box space and tiny sleeping space,this paper proposes two attached ventilation modes.A full-scale experiment cabin was established,and the simulation method was optimized through experimental data.The airflow pattern and distribution performance of the two attached ventilation modes in two types of tiny spaces were studied by the CFD method.The results showed that the airflow attached to the vertical wall could form an air curtain at the opening windows of the sentry box space,but there is a phenomenon of air leakage.The installation of the deflector can improve the integrity of the air curtain,and the best installation angle of the deflector is 60 degrees.The double side-attached ventilation mode in the tiny sleeping space can not only relieve the draught of the occupants(DR<15%),but also firstly deliver fresh air to the occupied zone(expiratory zone MAA<92 s).The research conclusions will add new ideas to the diversity of ventilation modes in tiny spaces.

不同型式导流板对贴附通风性能的影响

为了探讨在相同条件下房间采用贴附送风加导流板通风方式时,导流板参数变化对室内工作区气流组织的影响,构建具有平面热源的房间,进行数值模拟研究。利用Fluent软件在非等温条件下探究导流板的角度、长度、安装高度对贴附射流气流组织的影响,分析不同形式的导流板对人员工作区流场均匀性、稳定性方面的差异及人员热舒适性的影响。结果显示:导流板与墙壁角度为100°时,气流在房间大部分区域形成场间循环,改变导流板角度不能明显改善头脚温差。长度更长的导流板带走房间余热的能力更强,与导流板长度10 cm、5 cm的房间相比,导流板长度为15 cm的房间工作区平均温度分别低0.4℃、1.2℃。导流板安装位置超过一定高度后,对室内气流组织的影响降低。研究结果为贴附送风加导流板通风方式提供参考。

附壁风筒出风口参数对掘进工作面控尘效果的影响

为明确径向出风式附壁风筒出风口宽度、径轴向出风比对综掘工作面控尘效果的影响,以冯家塔煤矿某综掘工作面为原型,运用FLUENT软件,对建立的长压短抽式通风综掘巷道模型进行数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行现场验证。结果表明:保持压抽比为1.3,径向出风口长为0.8 m时,随着出风口宽度增加,巷道空间内的粉尘浓度先减小随后增大,改变出风口宽度,当出风口宽度为0.05 m时,司机处粉尘浓度降至100 mg/m^(3),距掘进工作面20 m巷道内基本无粉尘,控尘效果最佳;保持最佳出风口宽度为0.05 m,随着径轴向出风比变小,巷道内粉尘浓度先减小后增大,当径向轴向出风比为1:2时,粉尘被集中控制在负压抽吸区,掘锚机司机位置处粉尘浓度降至1.2 mg/m^(3),此时径向出风式附壁风筒控尘效果最佳。

Characteristics of outdoor pollutants intrusion and ventilation control in sentry buildings with normal openings

Sentry buildings have windows that are often open to facilitate communication between personnel.It also provides the possibility for the intrusion of pollutants such as vehicle exhaust emissions.To prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants and create an excellent indoor environment,internal circulation with double-attached ventilation(IC-DAV)and external circulation with double-attached ventilation(EC-DAV)are proposed for such buildings,and the isolation effect of two attached ventilation modes on pollutants is compared with that of natural ventilation.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was used to simulate the transportation process and indoor distribution of outdoor pollutants intruding into sentry buildings from the regular openings under different outdoor wind directions,wind velocities,and states of the doors and ventilation modes.The results indicate that the leeward airflow of the three wind directions caused the largest pollutants to invade the room.The amount of pollutants intrusion increased with increasing wind velocity.When the leeward airflow and the windward airflow blow through the building,opening the door increased the amount of pollutants intruding into the room by 3.34 times and 8.85 times,respectively,compared with closing the door.However,the IC-DAV can isolate 81.7% of the pollutants while the EC-DAV can isolate 99.92% of the pollutants as compared with natural ventilation.Applying double attached ventilation mode in buildings can effectively prevent the intrusion of outdoor pollutants into the room,reduce the harm of outdoor pollutants to the health of indoor personnel,and provide a new idea for buildings to improve the indoor air quality.

A numerical study on the effect of column layout on air distribution and performance of column attachment ventilation

Based on the structural characteristics of existing buildings and the disadvantages of current mixed ventilation mode in the application to large space buildings,an original column attachment ventilation(CAV)has been proposed.In this study,the experiment utilized a room space with four columns uniformly distributed in the space to visualize the movement of attached airflow along the cylinder surface and the floor,the numerical technique was employed to study the effects of the column layout(i.e.,uniform,centralized,dispersed,and crossed distribution)on the air distribution of CAV mode in a standard four-column full scale model of a shopping mall.Seven indices,including airflow pattern,air diffusion performance index(ADPI),air temperature distribution,heat removal effectiveness,draught rate(DR),predicted mean vote(PMV),and carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration,were used to assess the ventilation performance.In the CAV mode with a uniform column layout scheme,the experimental results indicated that the air supply flows downward along the wall surface,forming a secondary attachment with the ground and spreading along the floor in a fan radiation flow mode.Further,an“air lake”-like speed and temperature distribution similar to displacement ventilation(DV)was formed in the occupied zone.In all simulation cases,it was found that the average air velocity was less than 0.25 m/s in occupied zone,the effectiveness for heat removal was more significant than 1.0,DR value was less than 20%,the PMV level can also satisfy most people.The average CO2 concentration was around 470 ppm in the occupied breathing zone.These results indicated that the CAV mode could be an efficient air distribution method.They demonstrated the technical feasibility of applying the CAV in the space under different column layout schemes.

太阳能猪舍地道通风方式对舍内热环境的影响

为了调控猪舍地面的温度及降低舍内相对湿度,该文的太阳能猪舍采用了地道通风方式。猪只一天之中70%以上的时间以躺卧休息为主,躺卧区的温度环境,尤其是地面的温度调控极为重要。该文以长春地区的猪舍为研究对象,利用附加阳光间吸收太阳辐射为猪床和猪舍提供热量。在通风道内正压通风、负压通风和无风机的不同工况下,对采用地道通风方式的太阳能猪舍进行试验研究。结果表明:在寒冷季节室外温度大约是-13℃,试验猪舍比对照猪舍的温度平均高3.0℃,相对湿度RH(relative humidity)平均降4%;在试验猪舍中,距离地道进风口2 m的地面,白天通风道正压通风比通风道无风机温度平均高0.7℃,比通风道负压通风的温度平均高1.5℃,晚上正压通风比无风机温度平均高1.1℃,比负压通风的温度平均高2.9℃;距离进风口1 m的地面,白天正压通风比无风机温度平均高3.6℃,比负压通风的温度平均高3.8℃;晚上正压通风比无风机温度平均高6.4℃,比负压通风的温度平均高6.9℃。因此,在太阳能猪舍采用地道通风方式对提高猪舍的地面温度,降低舍内相对湿度具有重要意义。

压入式通风掘进工作面粉尘分布规律研究

针对压入式通风掘进工作面风流流场结构特点 ,把工作面粉尘分布划分为 3个区 :射流区、回流区及涡流区来进行研究 ,建立了 3区粉尘浓度计算模型 ,得出了压入式通风掘进工作面3区粉尘分布不均匀的规律 :即回流区、涡流区粉尘浓度较高 ,分布较均匀 ;射流区粉尘浓度相对较低 ,且粉尘浓度沿射程不断变化 ,离风筒出风口越远 ,射流断面粉尘平均浓度越高 ;射流卷吸比对掘进工作面粉尘分布不均匀性影响较大 ,射流卷吸比越大 ,整个工作面粉尘分布越均匀 .这些结论为进一步研究掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘的分布 ,正确评价掘进工作面作业环境和掘进通风效率 。

基于乘客热舒适性的空调列车软卧包厢送风气流组织优化研究

基于空调列车软卧包厢乘客热舒适性的提升,提出一种新型的双贴附组合式送风方式。采用实验验证后的数值计算模型对双贴附组合式送风方式的温度场、速度场进行模拟,并选用PMV和空气龄指标进行舒适性对比分析。结果表明,相对于现有送风方式,双贴附组合式送风方式能够有效解决包厢内上、下铺人员区域温度分布不均匀、人员有吹风感等不舒适性的问题。同时研究给出了采用双贴附组合式送风方式的最优送风方案,此时包厢内上、下铺人员区域最大温差2.27℃,各测点处速度均不超过0.25m/s,PMV值位于-1到1之间,空气龄均小于60s,能够较好地满足客车软卧包厢环境设计及人员舒适性要求。研究结果为双贴附组合式送风方式的实际应用提供了数据支撑。

压入式受限贴附射流流场特征及参数计算

掘进工作面压入式通风实际上是有限空间受限贴附射流通风。风流从圆形风筒射入掘进工作面空间形成射流区和回流区。根据流体射流理论，分析了压入式受限贴附射流通风射流产生过程及射流通风风流结构特征．由于受到巷道有限空间的限制，射流流场不能像自由贴附射流那样发展，形成了圆形贴附射流自由段、有限扩张段和收缩段。射流各段的长度与射流受限程度成反比。文中给出了射流各段长度及射流区和回流区断面平均流速和流量的计算模型。

新风送风方式对辐射吊顶制冷量影响研究

为解决辐射吊顶在制冷量和消除湿负荷方面的不足,辐射吊顶加独立新风系统成为了国内外学者们的重点研究对象。通过对贴附射流、置换通风加辐射吊顶系统的比较试验,研究新风的不同送风方式对辐射空调系统制冷能力的影响。结果表明:贴附射流送风方式主要通过增大对流换热量提升辐射空调制冷量,相较于置换通风,其总制冷量有所提高,其中对流换热量提高34.29%,但辐射换热量却有所降低。

竖直壁面贴附式送风模式气流组织特性研究

在对现有通风空调系统常用气流组织形式对比分析的基础上,提出了一种新型的竖直壁面贴附式送风模式.通过全尺寸实验测试的方法,研究了不同送风速度下竖直向贴附区和水平向空气湖区的三维速度场特性,得到了用于该模式定量研究的轴线速度衰减、送风主体厚度扩展等气流组织特性参数的计算式,为实际工程设计应用奠定了基础.研究表明,竖直壁面贴附式送风在工作区能够形成类似于置换通风的气流组织分布,同时采用条缝风口送风时具有二维特性,研究范围内偏转段的存在不会对气流组织产生影响,该模式可以近似按冲击射流理论进一步拓展研究.

隔离病房的环境保障与气流组织有效性

基于新型冠状病毒肺炎医院的典型隔离病房,模拟了传统散流器顶部送风、竖壁贴附送风、竖壁贴附加导流板(实践中导流板可为活动折叠式)送风模式下的病房室内热环境和病原微生物的排除效果,给出了病房气流组织的有效性评价。结果表明:采用单风口竖壁贴附加导流板送风的气流组织形式,病房内1.5 m呼吸区高度范围通风效率为2.9~6.5,平均速度为0.13 m/s,平均温度为21.8℃,其污染物排除效果优于传统散流器顶送下排,推荐作为隔离病房气流组织的优先选用形式。

柱壁贴附通风在地铁车站公共区通风空调系统中的创新应用

柱壁贴附通风模式是继传统混合式通风、置换通风等气流组织之后的一种新型送风模式。为改善地铁车站公共区气流组织,基于贴附通风设计原理,以郑州地铁车站站厅层公共区为例,通过CFD模拟研究适合地铁车站公共区使用的柱壁贴附通风系统,对其适用条件、设计方法以及应用优势进行相关分析探讨。研究表明,与传统混合通风模式相比,采用柱壁贴附通风模式的送风量约减少20.0%,冷负荷约减少16.2%,具有较好的节能效果。柱壁贴附通风适用于地铁车站等大空间建筑通风空调系统气流组织,且具有更均匀的温度场分布效果、更舒适的人体感受、更高的通风效率。

方型柱面贴附置换通风模式影响因素分析

为了有效利用建筑空间中量大面广的柱体,为建筑提供一种高效、舒适的通风模式,提出了一种基于方型柱面的新型贴附置换通风技术.采用实验验证后的RSM-IP模型,对不同送风温度和速度下房间温度场和速度场分布进行了数值模拟研究,同时分析了方柱宽度、柱子跨度和排风口位置对该通风模式的影响.研究表明,方型柱面贴附通风模式兼具混合通风与置换通风的优点,通过送风速度和温度等参数的合理设置,该通风模式能够在现有建筑、特别是大空间建筑通风空调系统中实地应用.

贴附射流-辐射板与置换通风-辐射板的对比分析

在置换通风-辐射板系统中,当辐射板工作温度较低时会使得辐射板表面会比较容易出现结露的现象,而当工作温度较高时,人体的热舒适性又不能达到理想的状态.本文引进贴附射流结合辐射板的系统,以计算流体力学(CFD)的模型为基础,采用有限容积法对两种形式的送风系统的温度场、气流分布及人体的热舒适性进行模拟对比分析.模拟结果表明,贴附射流-辐射板系统可以降低出现辐射板结露及脚部有"冷吹风感"的可能性,提高人体热舒适性.