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从遗忘的战争到重要的战争——俄罗斯重新评价第一次世界大战 被引量:1
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作者 张盛发 《俄罗斯学刊》 2017年第4期5-16,共12页
苏联时期,史学界有关第一次世界大战的传统观点认为:一战是列强争夺原料产地、销售市场和重新划分世界而爆发的帝国主义战争。受此观点的束缚,苏联史学家无法全面、客观地研究一战史。这种情况只是到20世纪80年代末90年代初戈尔巴乔夫... 苏联时期,史学界有关第一次世界大战的传统观点认为:一战是列强争夺原料产地、销售市场和重新划分世界而爆发的帝国主义战争。受此观点的束缚,苏联史学家无法全面、客观地研究一战史。这种情况只是到20世纪80年代末90年代初戈尔巴乔夫改革时期才有所改变。在苏联解体后的新俄罗斯,因传统意识形态的瓦解和书报检查制度的废除,俄罗斯史学家对一战史展开了更为全面、深入的整体研究,提出了不同以往的新观点和新看法。俄罗斯总统普京对一战以及俄国与一战等问题进行了新的评价,由此,一战由被遗忘的帝国主义战争变成了重要的卫国战争。 展开更多
关键词 第一次世界大战 帝国主义战争 卫国战争 列宁 普京
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战争法公约与民初北京政府的参战之路
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作者 尹新华 《安徽史学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第1期62-69,161,共9页
一战是中国较全面参与战争法公约后面临的首场重大国际战争,战争法公约也是民初北京政府因应一战时局的重要工具。在民初中国与战争法公约关系发展进程中,北京政府逐步朝参战之路迈进。一战爆发前,北京政府决定补签一些战争法公约,借此... 一战是中国较全面参与战争法公约后面临的首场重大国际战争,战争法公约也是民初北京政府因应一战时局的重要工具。在民初中国与战争法公约关系发展进程中,北京政府逐步朝参战之路迈进。一战爆发前,北京政府决定补签一些战争法公约,借此平等融入国际社会和维护国家利权,这构成了其走向参战的重要背景。宣告完全中立之初,北京政府指望通过积极履行战时中立公约来避免战祸和维护利权,但强权挑战的危机为其转向参战埋下了伏笔。日本对华提出"二十一条"要求后上述希望彻底落空,北京政府转而趋向参战,试图借此参与战后和会。它一方面同作战规则方面的战争法公约积极接轨,另一方面通过暗中违背中立公约而朝参战迈出实质性步伐。最后,北京政府利用德国无限制潜艇战的契机,援用战争法公约正式宣战。北京政府走向参战不失其必然性和主动因应之特征,亦不乏文明和正义的色彩,而其参战政策的推进也影响到中国与战争法公约关系本身的发展。 展开更多
关键词 第一次世界大战 北京政府 战争法公约 参战
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"Relying on America":The CPI's Propaganda in China and Its Influence on China's Pursuit of a New National Identity before the May Fourth Movement
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作者 Yi Ren 《Frontiers of History in China》 2019年第3期427-457,共31页
At the beginning of the 20th century,American officials,newspapermen,and businessmen in China promoted and participated in the establishment of a branch of the Committee on Public Information(CPI)in China.The purposes... At the beginning of the 20th century,American officials,newspapermen,and businessmen in China promoted and participated in the establishment of a branch of the Committee on Public Information(CPI)in China.The purposes of the China station were to compete with other foreign states seeking influence in China,to promote American values and to eventually lead China down an“American”path.The CPI China station built an image of America as a friendly country which offered political and economic assistance and held a leading position in the new postwar order,an example which China could use for its own development.Chinese people were quick to respond to this propaganda as they wanted their concerns to be addressed at the Paris Peace Conference and sought to reform their national identity.The idea of a Wilsonian international order gained support in China through effective propaganda.After the diplomatic defeat in Paris,however,some Chinese began to consider a path very different from that of America.The CPI’s promotion of a particular development path for China and new world order had various effects on the country.The propaganda came at a time when the Chinese were searching for a new national identity and gained support from many groups.In addition,the Chinese people were not passive listeners of the propaganda and did not blindly accept the information that was "fed" to them. 展开更多
关键词 the COMMITTEE on Public Information (CPI) propaganda inChina the First World war(wwi) national identity
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