On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Do...On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Doppler weather radar, conventional surface observations, high-altitude radiosonde and wind profiler radar were used to analyze characteristics and contributions of synoptic scale and mesoscale systems during this torrential rainstorm. The results showed that:(1) the storm was caused by a quasi-linear mesoscale convective system(MCS) and the slow-movement of this system was the primary trigger of the torrential downpour;(2) water vapor was abundant, nearly saturated and in steady state throughout the atmosphere before the storm; intrusion of the weak dry and cold air in the middle level and a striking "dry above and wet below " structure had increased the atmospheric instability;(3) low-level southwesterly airflow from a low pressure(trough) at the Beibu Gulf provided abundant water vapor at the onset of the rainstorm; a deep dry layer was formed by dry and cold air behind the high-level trough, which facilitated latent heat release;upper-level divergence and low-level convergence circulations also provided vertical uplift for warm and moist air at the lower level;(4) Topography only played a minor role as the MCS developed and strengthened over relatively flat coastal terrain. Low level density flow induced by convection triggered new convective cell generation at the leading edge of the convective system, thereby playing a key role in the change of temperature gradient at lower layers, and resulting in strengthening atmospheric instability.展开更多
为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为...为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为两槽一脊的形势,东北冷涡中心引出的东亚大槽引导槽后干冷空气南下,中低纬副热带高压稳定维持,中低层均有切变、低涡和低空急流配合是2次暴雨过程共同的环流背景特征;2次过程均存在对流性不稳定层结,利于暴雨强降水天气的出现,只是热力机制强度不同;低层切变、低涡和低空西南急流的共同作用是2次暴雨过程中相同的动力触发机制,水汽和稳定度条件满足的情况下,即使只是近地层的辐合抬升,也能触发不稳定能量的释放而造成强对流天气;低层切变、低空西南急流左侧或左前方强中心辐合带的位置是预报暴雨带位置的关键因素。展开更多
An extraordinary rainstorm that occurred in Beijing on 21 July 2012 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The results showed that:(1) The two precipitation phases were based on a combination ...An extraordinary rainstorm that occurred in Beijing on 21 July 2012 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The results showed that:(1) The two precipitation phases were based on a combination of cold cloud processes and warm cloud processes. The accumulated conversion amount and conversion rate of microphysical processes in the warm-area phase were all much larger than those in the cold front phase.(2) 72.6% of rainwater was from the warm-area phase. Rainwater mainly came from the melting of graupel and the melting of snow, while the accretion of cloud water by rain ranked second.(3) The net heating rate with height appeared as an overall warming with two strong heating centers in the lower and middle layers of the troposphere and a minimum heating center around the melting layer. The net heating effect in the warm-area phase was stronger than that in the cold front phase.(4) Warm cloud processes contributed most to latent heat release, and the thermal effect of cold cloud processes on the storm in the cold front phase was enhanced compared to that in the warm-area phase.(5) The melting of graupel and snow contributed most to latent heat absorption, and the effect of the evaporation of rainwater was significantly reduced in the cold front phase.展开更多
基金Guangdong Province Science and Technology Project(2017B020244002)National key basic research and development plan(973 plan)project"Typhoon fine structure multi-source data analysis theory and method research"(2015CB452802)+2 种基金National Program on Key Basic Research Project(2015CB452801)National Natural Science Foundation project"Observation and Assimilation Technology of Batch Variational Data and Its Application"(41475102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275025)
文摘On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Doppler weather radar, conventional surface observations, high-altitude radiosonde and wind profiler radar were used to analyze characteristics and contributions of synoptic scale and mesoscale systems during this torrential rainstorm. The results showed that:(1) the storm was caused by a quasi-linear mesoscale convective system(MCS) and the slow-movement of this system was the primary trigger of the torrential downpour;(2) water vapor was abundant, nearly saturated and in steady state throughout the atmosphere before the storm; intrusion of the weak dry and cold air in the middle level and a striking "dry above and wet below " structure had increased the atmospheric instability;(3) low-level southwesterly airflow from a low pressure(trough) at the Beibu Gulf provided abundant water vapor at the onset of the rainstorm; a deep dry layer was formed by dry and cold air behind the high-level trough, which facilitated latent heat release;upper-level divergence and low-level convergence circulations also provided vertical uplift for warm and moist air at the lower level;(4) Topography only played a minor role as the MCS developed and strengthened over relatively flat coastal terrain. Low level density flow induced by convection triggered new convective cell generation at the leading edge of the convective system, thereby playing a key role in the change of temperature gradient at lower layers, and resulting in strengthening atmospheric instability.
文摘为研究江西梅雨期暴雨的特点,利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料等对2019年6月9日和6月22日出现的2次区域性强暴雨天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明:高空均处南亚高压东北侧脊线附近的反气旋环流辐散区中,500 h Pa中层中高纬均为两槽一脊的形势,东北冷涡中心引出的东亚大槽引导槽后干冷空气南下,中低纬副热带高压稳定维持,中低层均有切变、低涡和低空急流配合是2次暴雨过程共同的环流背景特征;2次过程均存在对流性不稳定层结,利于暴雨强降水天气的出现,只是热力机制强度不同;低层切变、低涡和低空西南急流的共同作用是2次暴雨过程中相同的动力触发机制,水汽和稳定度条件满足的情况下,即使只是近地层的辐合抬升,也能触发不稳定能量的释放而造成强对流天气;低层切变、低空西南急流左侧或左前方强中心辐合带的位置是预报暴雨带位置的关键因素。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant Nos. 2013CB430105 and 2014CB441403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41205099)+1 种基金Guizhou Province Scientific Research Joint Project (Grant No. G[2013]4001)the Special Scientific Research Project of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. GYHY201006031)
文摘An extraordinary rainstorm that occurred in Beijing on 21 July 2012 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The results showed that:(1) The two precipitation phases were based on a combination of cold cloud processes and warm cloud processes. The accumulated conversion amount and conversion rate of microphysical processes in the warm-area phase were all much larger than those in the cold front phase.(2) 72.6% of rainwater was from the warm-area phase. Rainwater mainly came from the melting of graupel and the melting of snow, while the accretion of cloud water by rain ranked second.(3) The net heating rate with height appeared as an overall warming with two strong heating centers in the lower and middle layers of the troposphere and a minimum heating center around the melting layer. The net heating effect in the warm-area phase was stronger than that in the cold front phase.(4) Warm cloud processes contributed most to latent heat release, and the thermal effect of cold cloud processes on the storm in the cold front phase was enhanced compared to that in the warm-area phase.(5) The melting of graupel and snow contributed most to latent heat absorption, and the effect of the evaporation of rainwater was significantly reduced in the cold front phase.
