Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an...Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP （Global Precipitation Climatology Project） data and MERRA （Modern- Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications） reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60~ S-60~N during a major global warming period of 1979-2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada, the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers-the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa-leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.展开更多
为探究不同季节下黄海暖流在源区的状态,利用韩国海洋数据中心(Korea Oceanographic Data Center)发布的水文数据,对黄海暖流源区附近温盐结构及其季节变化进行了分析。结果表明:年平均状态下对马暖流在济州岛东南存在向西向入侵的趋势...为探究不同季节下黄海暖流在源区的状态,利用韩国海洋数据中心(Korea Oceanographic Data Center)发布的水文数据,对黄海暖流源区附近温盐结构及其季节变化进行了分析。结果表明:年平均状态下对马暖流在济州岛东南存在向西向入侵的趋势,其入侵存在明显的季节变化:秋季最强,冬、春季开始减弱,夏季最弱。济州岛西侧,约在33°30′N、125°30′E处存在一支伸向西北的高盐舌,该高盐舌盐度同样具有明显的季节变化:冬季最强,春季开始减弱,夏季降至最低,秋季盐度开始缓慢回升。黄海区盐度的变化要滞后于对马暖流区盐度变化。冬季朝鲜沿岸水南下入侵程度最强,能到达34°N以南的位置。展开更多
基于1988~2013年黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯栽培定位试验,结合试验区域气象站1957~2013年气候要素观测资料,开展气候暖干化对黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,1957~2013年试验区降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10....基于1988~2013年黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯栽培定位试验,结合试验区域气象站1957~2013年气候要素观测资料,开展气候暖干化对黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,1957~2013年试验区降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10.219 mm(10a)^(-1);20世纪60年代降水量偏多,90年代降水量最少,降水量减少最多的季节为秋季。气温呈显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.228℃(10a)^(-1),20世纪80年代之后气温明显上升。试验区马铃薯水分利用效率呈显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-25.602 kg hm^(-2)mm-1(10a)^(-1)。马铃薯水分利用率与6月上、中旬气温、7月上旬气温、8月下旬气温呈显著负相关,气温增高导致产量下降,水分利用效率降低。水分利用率与6月上旬降水量和9月中旬日照时数呈显著正相关。气候暖干对马铃薯发育和产量形成的负效应增加,马铃薯产量形成的不确定性因素也呈增加趋势。展开更多
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDB05010500)the Clean Air Research Project in China (Grant No. 201509001)+1 种基金the Sustainable Development Research Project of Academia Sinica, Consortium for Climate Change Study, funded by the National Science Council (Grant No. 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5)sponsored by the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University
文摘Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP （Global Precipitation Climatology Project） data and MERRA （Modern- Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications） reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60~ S-60~N during a major global warming period of 1979-2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada, the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers-the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa-leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.
文摘为探究不同季节下黄海暖流在源区的状态,利用韩国海洋数据中心(Korea Oceanographic Data Center)发布的水文数据,对黄海暖流源区附近温盐结构及其季节变化进行了分析。结果表明:年平均状态下对马暖流在济州岛东南存在向西向入侵的趋势,其入侵存在明显的季节变化:秋季最强,冬、春季开始减弱,夏季最弱。济州岛西侧,约在33°30′N、125°30′E处存在一支伸向西北的高盐舌,该高盐舌盐度同样具有明显的季节变化:冬季最强,春季开始减弱,夏季降至最低,秋季盐度开始缓慢回升。黄海区盐度的变化要滞后于对马暖流区盐度变化。冬季朝鲜沿岸水南下入侵程度最强,能到达34°N以南的位置。
文摘基于1988~2013年黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯栽培定位试验,结合试验区域气象站1957~2013年气候要素观测资料,开展气候暖干化对黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,1957~2013年试验区降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10.219 mm(10a)^(-1);20世纪60年代降水量偏多,90年代降水量最少,降水量减少最多的季节为秋季。气温呈显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.228℃(10a)^(-1),20世纪80年代之后气温明显上升。试验区马铃薯水分利用效率呈显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-25.602 kg hm^(-2)mm-1(10a)^(-1)。马铃薯水分利用率与6月上、中旬气温、7月上旬气温、8月下旬气温呈显著负相关,气温增高导致产量下降,水分利用效率降低。水分利用率与6月上旬降水量和9月中旬日照时数呈显著正相关。气候暖干对马铃薯发育和产量形成的负效应增加,马铃薯产量形成的不确定性因素也呈增加趋势。
