Wash resistance and bio-efficacy of Olyset~? Plus, a long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net with synergist against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi

Objective: To determine the wash resistance of Olyset~? Plus using World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme standard washing procedure and to assess the value of knock down and mortality rates of Anopheles stephensi at different regimens of long lasting insecticide treated nets washings.Methods: The study was conducted at the Bioassay Laboratory of Culicidae Insectary,School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The net was made of polyester impregnated with permethrin and piperonyl butoxide at a ratio of 2:1. The washing resistance was assessed using Le Chat?soap and a shaker incubator set at a speed of 155 r/min, 30℃ for 10 min. The cone bioassay test was carried out according to World Health Organization recommended guideline with tolerant field strain of female Anopheles stephensi to pyrethroids.Results: The knockdown and mortality rates of female mosquitoes exposed to Olyset~? Plus from un-washed nets to 2 washings were 79.7% and 88.8% respectively. Mortality was dropped to zero while active ingredient estimated 0.532 mg/100 cm^2 to 0.481 mg/100 cm^2 after 15 washings. A positive correlation was seen between residues of permethrin on nets, knockdown rate and mortality rate of female Anopheles stephensi exposed to different regimes of washed Olyset~? Plus(r = 0.954, P = 0.001).Conclusions: It is recommended that a preliminary survey conducted on resistance level of Anopheles vectors before the distribution of Olyset~? Plus in malaria endemic communities.

Structural Color Modified Fabrics with Excellent Antibacterial Property

With the improvement of living standards, people are paying more and more attention to health problems. The antibacterial function of fabrics is therefore of great importance. The structural color(photonic crystal), which has been widely investigated and applied on fabric dyeing, contains a large number of hollow microstructure and functional groups, and is easy to be modified and functionalized. Therefore, an innovative way of endowing structural color dye on fabrics with antibacterial property was presented in this paper. The latex spheres and zinc pyrrolidone were co-assembled on polydopamine modified fabrics, antibacterial ion zinc pyrrolidone was therefore loaded into the pores of structural color dye, and brilliant antibacterial fabrics were successfully achieved. The existence of zinc pyrrolidone had little influence on the color saturation of brilliant structural color and meanwhile ensured the structural color dye excellent antibacterial effect. The antibacterial reduction rate of the antibacterial fabric reached 99.99%. Owing to the addition of polyurethane(PUA) coating on the surface of structural color, the fabric modified by the antibacterial structural color dye also presented good washing resistance, which showed great application possibility in functional textile and antibacterial fields.