This work develops a heuristic method for the design of batch water-using networks of multiple contaminants with regeneration unit based on the concepts of concentration potential. A water-using network involving rege...This work develops a heuristic method for the design of batch water-using networks of multiple contaminants with regeneration unit based on the concepts of concentration potential. A water-using network involving regeneration unit can be formed by adding the regenerated stream(s) into the network involving reuse only. In the design procedure of the network operated in a single batch mode, time is take n as the primary factor a nd con centration potentials as the secondary one. For the networks operated in a repeated mode, the design procedure is similar to that for continuous processes, besides designing the storage tanks with the rules proposed. Continuous regeneration unit is selected in this work. With the proposed method, the network structure corresponding to the minimum freshwater consumption can be obtained. It is shown that the method proposed in this article is simple, effective and has clear engineering meaning.展开更多
Three beakers for removing Fe (II) in reconstituted water (doped with FeSO<sub>4</sub>) were built and tested. Given the set operating conditions ([O<sub>2</sub>] > 4 mg·L<sup>...Three beakers for removing Fe (II) in reconstituted water (doped with FeSO<sub>4</sub>) were built and tested. Given the set operating conditions ([O<sub>2</sub>] > 4 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>atm</sub> = 1.013 bar, T = 25°C ± 1°C and [Fe<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 to 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>), removal of iron was caused by biological and possibly physical and chemical oxidation because there is a quantity of free oxygen in the medium. The extent of each type of oxidation has not been evaluated as it specifically studies the biological degradation of iron in these beaker tests by setting the operating conditions (pH > 6.5, dissolved oxygen from 0 to 8 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, Redox Potential from 100 to 400 mV). The experimental studies focused particularly on the measurements of maximum wavelength, conversion efficiencies from Fe (II) to Fe (III), the effect of the Fe (II) concentration, the influence of pH, the action of the temperature of the prepared solutions and the effect of O<sub>2</sub> concentration under specified operating conditions. It noticed precipitated amounts of iron deposited at the bottom of the beakers. Thus, the low concentrations of Fe (II) detected in the influent after the biological oxidation operation could be attributed to microorganisms that consume iron as a substrate.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2017202073)the Foundation of Educational Commission of Hebei Province(Z2017032)
文摘This work develops a heuristic method for the design of batch water-using networks of multiple contaminants with regeneration unit based on the concepts of concentration potential. A water-using network involving regeneration unit can be formed by adding the regenerated stream(s) into the network involving reuse only. In the design procedure of the network operated in a single batch mode, time is take n as the primary factor a nd con centration potentials as the secondary one. For the networks operated in a repeated mode, the design procedure is similar to that for continuous processes, besides designing the storage tanks with the rules proposed. Continuous regeneration unit is selected in this work. With the proposed method, the network structure corresponding to the minimum freshwater consumption can be obtained. It is shown that the method proposed in this article is simple, effective and has clear engineering meaning.
文摘Three beakers for removing Fe (II) in reconstituted water (doped with FeSO<sub>4</sub>) were built and tested. Given the set operating conditions ([O<sub>2</sub>] > 4 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>atm</sub> = 1.013 bar, T = 25°C ± 1°C and [Fe<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 to 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>), removal of iron was caused by biological and possibly physical and chemical oxidation because there is a quantity of free oxygen in the medium. The extent of each type of oxidation has not been evaluated as it specifically studies the biological degradation of iron in these beaker tests by setting the operating conditions (pH > 6.5, dissolved oxygen from 0 to 8 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, Redox Potential from 100 to 400 mV). The experimental studies focused particularly on the measurements of maximum wavelength, conversion efficiencies from Fe (II) to Fe (III), the effect of the Fe (II) concentration, the influence of pH, the action of the temperature of the prepared solutions and the effect of O<sub>2</sub> concentration under specified operating conditions. It noticed precipitated amounts of iron deposited at the bottom of the beakers. Thus, the low concentrations of Fe (II) detected in the influent after the biological oxidation operation could be attributed to microorganisms that consume iron as a substrate.
