A Simple Cement Hydration Model Considering the Influences ofWater-to-Cement Ratio and Mineral Composition

A simple hydration model is used here by taking the composition of the cement and the initial water: cementratio (w/c) into account explicitly. Its conceptual basis is a combination of the Avrami equation and Bentz’s modelbased on simple spatial considerations. In this model, the Avrami equation determines the initial reaction, andBentz’s model describes the following hydration stage. The model favors engineers for it relies on one experimentalparameter and has a reliable approximation in the practice.

Form and Mechanism of Sulfate Attack on Cement-based Material Made of Limestone Powder at Low Water-binder Ratio under Low Temperature Conditions

The development of strength and the form of attack of cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low-temperature sulfate environment were studied. The results indicate that when water-binder ratio is lower than 0.40, the cement-based material with limestone powder has insignificant change in appearance after being soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature for 120 d, and has significant change in appearance after being soaked at the age of 200 d. Expansion damage and exfoliation occur on the surface of concrete test cube at different levels. When limestone powder accounts for about 28 percent of cementitious material, with the decrease of water-binder ratio, the compressive strength loss has gradually decreased after the material is soaked in the magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d. After the specimen with the water-binder ratio of less than 0.4 and the limestone powder volume of greater than 20% is soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d, gypsum attack-led destruction is caused to the concrete test cube, without thaumasite sulfate attack.

水胶比和橡胶掺量对砂浆力学性能及能量演化规律的影响

水泥砂浆在压力作用下易发生脆性开裂,利用橡胶颗粒改善其变形能力是常见措施。高掺量橡胶砂浆具有优异的吸能效果,能够有效改善砂浆的变形适应性。本工作通过分析砂浆受压过程中的应力-应变曲线,考察了水胶比和橡胶掺量对砂浆强度、变形能力的影响,并分析了能量演化规律。结果表明随着水胶比从0.3增大至0.5,强度降低35%,橡胶掺量从0%增加至75%,强度降低84%;随着水胶比增大、橡胶掺量增加,弹性模量明显降低,受压至破坏总能量降低,转变为弹性应变能和耗散能,趋势与未掺橡胶颗粒的砂浆一致,与轴心抗压强度具有显著相关性;极限压应变受强度和橡胶掺量双重影响,橡胶掺量从0%增加至75%,极限压应变呈先降低后增加的趋势;橡胶颗粒可延缓能量耗散,水胶比增大加快能量耗散使试件失效。水胶比和橡胶掺量对强度有显著影响;高掺量橡胶颗粒对变形能力有明显改善,延缓能量耗散,有效阻碍了裂缝的发展。

基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验研究

对不同水灰比钢筋混凝土开展了基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验,研究了不同水灰比的钢筋混凝土电化学参数随时间的演变规律。结果表明:水灰比越大,脱氯初期阳极工作电位越负,回路电流越大,脱氯效率越高;水灰比越大,脱氯后钢筋腐蚀电位正移越明显,极化电阻增幅越大,OH^(-)浓度的增幅越小;脱氯后,混凝土中C-S-H凝胶和Friedel’s盐的含量略微降低,而Ca(OH)_(2)的含量略微增加,AFt和C-S-H凝胶少量分解。

不同固化剂加固滨海软土的强度特性室内试验研究

为提高固化剂加固滨海软土的强度特性与时效性,通过室内试验研究固化剂类型、固化剂掺量、水灰比、搅拌均匀性、养护条件等因素作用下固化滨海软土强度的演化规律。试验结果表明:不同固化剂加固软土的抗压强度随着养护期龄的延长持续增加,将水泥替换为HR软土固化剂可有效提高软土加固体的抗压强度。拌合时间越长,软土加固体的抗压强度越高;相同的拌合时间,水泥软土加固体的抗压强度远低于HR固化剂加固软土的抗压强度;利用HR软土固化剂加固软土能够在保障施工质量的基础上,有效缩短施工工期。随着水灰比的增加,软土加固体的抗压强度明显降低;相同的水灰比,HR固化剂加固软土的抗压强度均大于水泥软土加固体的抗压强度。软土加固体在养护过程中,温度与湿度在固化剂水化过程中发挥重要作用,影响软土加固体的抗压强度;相同的固化剂掺量,标准养护条件下软土加固体的抗压强度比低温养护提高2倍以上;软土加固体早期抗压强度随着养护期龄的延长增加显著,当期龄达到14 d后,随着期龄的增加软土加固体的抗压强度增长趋势明显变缓。

Assessment of strength development in cement-admixed artificial organic soil with GX07

To explore the stabilization effect of stabilizing agent GX07 on treating organic soil and the influence of organic matter on the strength development of stabilized soil,artificial organic soil with various organic matter content was obtained by adding different amounts of fulvic acid into non-organic clay,and then liquid-plastic limit tests were carried out on the artificial organic soil.Meanwhile,unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests were performed on cement-only soil and composite stabilized soil,respectively.The test results indicate that the plastic limit of soil samples increases linearly,and the liquid limit increases exponentially as the organic matter content increases.The strength of stabilized soil is well correlated with the organic matter content,cement content,stabilizing agent content and curing time.When the organic matter content is 6%,as the cement content varies in the range of 10%-20%,the strength of cement-only soil increases from 88.5 to 280.8 kPa.Once 12.6% GX07 is added into the mix,the strength of stabilized soil is 4.93 times compared with that of cement-only soil.GX07 can obviously improve the strength of cemented-soil and has a good economic applicability.A strength model is proposed to predict strength development.

Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance of Coal Gangue Concrete under Multi-Factor Comprehensive Action

In order to investigate the chloride ion penetration resistance of coal gangue concrete under multi-factor comprehensive action, the non-steady-state accelerated chloride ion migration test was used to test the chloride diffusion law of coal gangue concrete specimens by crack width, curing temperature and water-cement ratio. Three groups of crack width (0 mm, 0.05 - 0.12 mm, 0.12 - 0.2 mm), three curing temperatures (high temperature 45, medium temperature 25, low temperature 10), three water cement ratios (0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were set in the experiment. The results show that when the curing temperature and water cement ratio are constant, the crack width less than 0.12 mm has little effect on the chloride content and chloride diffusion coefficient. When the crack width is larger than 0.12 mm, the chloride penetration depth increases with the crack width. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of gangue concrete is greatly influenced by the water cement ratio. The influ-ence degree of three factors on chloride ion migration coefficient of gangue concrete is as follows: water cement ratio > crack width > curing temperature.

Effect of W/C ratio and cover thickness on polarization characteristics of embedded steel in mortar

The effects of cover thickness and W/C(water-to-cement) ratio on polarization properties of embedded steel bar were investigated with electrochemical methods.Corrosion potentials shift to the noble direction with increasing the cover thickness.In addition,when the cover thickness increasingly becomes thinner and thinner,effect of the W/C ratio on variation of corrosion potential increases as well.Impedance value at 100 kHz indicating the resistance of cover thickness increases with the decrement of W/C ratio as well as the increment of cover thickness.However,in the case of W/C ratio at 0.6,impedance at 10 mHz shows the relatively larger value than that at W/C ratio of 0.4 or 0.5 in the range of cover thickness from 4 to 8 cm,which is probably expected that oxide film built up on the surface of steel bar due to strong alkali environment by hydration reaction with increasing W/C ratio is performed as the resistance polarization.It is also observed that liquid junction potential tends to increase with decreasing W/C ratio.

Characterisation of Early Age Deformations in Cement Paste: Case of Chemical and Autogenous Shrinkage

Concrete is commonly seen as a durable and long-lasting construction material. However, the long-term performance of a concrete structure can be greatly compromised by early-age cracking. This work is an experimental contribution to study early age deformations of cement paste. Its aim is, firstly, to develop an experimental dispositive for assessing chemical and autogenous shrinkage, and secondly, to measure these volumetric deformations in cement paste. The setup was done following the gravimetric method of measurement, which exploits the Archimedes’ principle. It is made up of an electronic balance, a data accusation unit, a temperature control unit and a buoyancy bath. Investigations were done on Portland cement (CPA-CEM II) at the following W/C ratios: 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.5. It was noticed that the water-cement ratio does not influence the magnitude of the chemical shrinkage in a significant manner but had a kinetic effect;a lower W/C induces a faster rate of chemical shrinkage. Autogenous shrinkage was discovered to be highly inversely proportional to the W/C and was also noticed to be in a function of chemical shrinkage within the first 2 to 4 hours when the paste was still liquid.

透水混凝土力学性能影响因素的研究进展与分析

为保证工程建设的安全性和有效性,充分了解不同因素对透水混凝土力学性能的影响机理,总结了近年来国内外关于水灰比、砂率、掺合料种类及掺量、骨料粒径等因素对透水混凝土力学性能影响的研究成果,分析了现有研究中存在的不足和尚未解决的问题,并基于透水混凝土细观损伤机理和力学行为,指出了未来进一步研究方向。

煤矸石机制砂C20混凝土力学性能研究

为探究煤矸石机制砂对低强度等级C20混凝土力学性能的影响,调控煤矸石机制砂掺量和水灰比浇筑混凝土试块,开展抗压和抗折强度试验。结果表明:相同水灰比下,随煤矸石机制砂掺量增加,混凝土的抗压强度先增强后降低;相同取代率下,混凝土的抗压和抗折强度随水灰比增大而降低。相较于煤矸石机制砂取代率,水灰比对混凝土抗折强度的影响更大。取代率不超过30%时,对混凝土的抗压和抗折强度均有利,水灰比为0.55、取代率为25%时,混凝土抗压和抗折强度提高最多。

地聚合物注浆材料的制备工艺及病害公路加固中的应用研究

为提高病害路面修复效率和修复效果,利用矿渣、粉煤灰、偏高岭土、碱激发剂等材料制备一种早期强度高、收缩性小、工作性能优异的地聚合物,并将其应用到实际工程中。结果表明,当采用矿渣∶粉煤灰∶偏高岭土=3∶5∶2制备地聚合物粉料时,碱最佳掺量为8%,碱激发剂最佳模数为1.4,最佳水灰比为0.32;最佳注浆参数为:注浆压力0.6 MPa,注浆孔距为150 cm,注浆量为70~120 kg/m^(2);利用制备的地聚合物对某病害路段进行注浆加固处理,加固完成7 d后,可以将加固路段的平均弯沉值从39.1 mm降至21.8 mm,路面结构得到有效加强,加固效果良好,具有十分明显的社会和工程经济效益。

原生混凝土强度对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响

将废弃混凝土试块按强度等级分类制成再生骨料,在不同水灰比条件下制备再生骨料透水混凝土。通过对所制试件进行抗压强度和弯拉强度测试、宏观和微观组织表征以及显微硬度测试,分析了原生混凝土强度和水灰比对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响。结果表明,再生骨料透水混凝土强度与原生混凝土强度存在明确正相关性。原生混凝土强度每提高10 MPa,再生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度可提高10%~20%,弯拉强度可提高10%~30%。不同强度等级原生混凝土制备的再生骨料透水混凝土最优水灰比呈现规律性变化。随着原生混凝土强度的提高,再生骨料表面的孔隙变小、微裂缝变少,附着的水泥浆趋于致密,所制再生骨料透水混凝土界面强度增大。

新型活性矿物海水海砂珊瑚混凝土制备与性能研究

目的选择以海砂和珊瑚作为骨料,海水作为拌合水,采用先预湿珊瑚,再与水泥砂浆拌合的方法,制备一种新型活性矿物海水海砂珊瑚混凝土(Mineral Sea Rock Concrete,MSRC),解决建筑工程中砂石短缺等问题。方法通过坍落度和抗压强度试验,分别分析净水灰比、骨料含水率和砂率对MSRC的和易性与抗压强度的影响。结果砂率在45%~58%内,坍落度随着砂率的增大而增大;砂率在58%~60%内,坍落度随着砂率的增大而减小;骨料含水率为12%时,混凝土拌合物和易性最优,立方体抗压强度最高;净水灰比为0.43、砂率为47%,骨料含水率12%的立方体抗压强度比骨料含水率9%和15%分别高3.9%和10.6%;强度等级相同时,随着砂率的增大,立方体抗压强度先增大后减小;对于强度等级为MSRC20、MSRC25和MSRC30的混凝土配合比,净水灰比分别为0.43、0.41和0.30时,立方体抗压强度取得最大值;MSRC前期抗压强度发展较快,超过15d时,抗压强度增长速度逐渐缓慢;基于试验结果,提出了立方体抗压强度计算公式,通过试验结果及公式计算结果对比可得,提出的计算公式与试验结果吻合良好。结论笔者制备的MSRC具有良好的和易性与力学性能,研究成果可以为MSRC的配合比设计和工程应用提供重要依据。

水泥浆拌和固化二氧化碳对水泥性能的影响

为研究水泥浆拌和固化二氧化碳对水泥性能的影响,将不同状态二氧化碳以不同掺量加入新拌水泥,测试水泥浆的固碳效果和强度,并采用TG-DTG、MIP、SEM等表征方法,探究二氧化碳对水泥浆体强度和微观结构的影响机理。结果表明,当水灰比为0.50、气态二氧化碳掺量为1.5%(质量分数)时,水泥的抗压强度和二氧化碳固化效果最佳,3、7 d抗压强度提升100%,28 d抗压强度提升139.6%。掺入二氧化碳后,100~600 nm的孔几乎消失,100 nm以下的孔明显增多,水泥内部的有害孔减少,水泥硬化浆体内部孔结构得到改善。二氧化碳加速水泥早期水化反应,水化产物的生长状态和结合方式得到优化,实现水泥基材料的固碳强化。

水灰比、砂率及纳米碳纤维对混凝土微波加热性能的影响

通过调整水灰比和砂率,研究了混凝土基本参数对其微波加热性能的影响,并对比分析了水灰比和砂率对混凝土力学性能及微波加热性能的影响程度。为提高混凝土的微波加热性能,以纳米碳纤维为吸波剂,研究了其对混凝土升温速率、温度分布、除冰效率等的影响。并通过介电常数试验和电阻率试验,分析了纳米碳纤维的影响机理。结果表明:随着水灰比和砂率的增大,混凝土的微波加热性能不断增强。与水灰比相比,砂率的改变对混凝土微波加热性能的影响程度更大。改变砂率对于混凝土微波加热性能的影响比对力学性能的影响更为显著。纳米碳纤维通过增大混凝土的介电常数、降低混凝土的电阻率,从而增强混凝土的介电损耗能力和电阻损耗能力,进而提高混凝土的微波加热性能。纳米碳纤掺量越大,混凝土的微波加热性能越佳。

再生骨料透水混凝土力学和透水性能研究

文中制作不同水灰比和再生骨料添加量的再生骨料透水混凝土试件,经标准养护28 d后,对试件进行立方体抗压强度和透水性能测定。结果表明,随着水灰比的增加,透水混凝土试件的抗压强度和透水率均为先增加后减小;随着再生骨料添加量的增加,抗压强度不断减小而透水性能变化不大。最终确定水灰比为0.25、再生骨料添加量为15%、骨胶比为1?4、添加1.5%减水剂和6%硅粉为再生骨料透水混凝土的最佳配比,该结论为再生骨料透水混凝土的应用提供了技术支持。

静态破碎剂性能分析及致裂效果实验研究

为解决现有煤矿井工开采过程中预裂爆破安全性低、适用性差以及水压致裂条件苛刻,破岩效果弱的问题,提出静态致裂的方法,通过研究不同影响条件下静态破碎剂的反应状态和致裂效果,对不同拌合水温、水灰比条件下的静态破碎剂反应温度、反应时间、反应体积变化、岩样致裂效果、应力变化进行了研究。结果表明:水灰比一定,静态破碎剂完全反应时间随拌合水温升高而降低,但最终反应完全后温度不变;相同拌合水温条件下,水灰比越小,静态破碎剂反应时间越短,反应速率越快;水灰比越小,混凝土试件开裂时间越短,水灰比越大,开裂时间越长,开裂效果与裂缝位置有关,块体应变呈现先增后减的趋势。

半柔性路面改性乳化沥青灌浆料制备及其性能研究

传统水泥基灌浆料易开裂,限制了半柔性路面材料的应用。使用改性乳化沥青增强灌浆料的性能,并对沥青混合料的路用性能进行分析。通过响应面法确定改性乳化沥青灌浆料(SGM)的最优沥灰比、水灰比和基体沥青混合料的最佳空隙率,并采用扫描电镜分析SGM的微观形貌。响应面分析结果表明:基体沥青混合料最佳空隙率为25.75%,SGM最优沥灰比为0.07,水灰比为0.33。扫描电镜测试结果显示,改性乳化沥青均匀填充于棒状水化产物空隙中,两者交互连接,增强了灌浆料的柔韧性,半柔性沥青混合料的灌浆饱满度基本不受影响,低温抗裂性提升了45%。

机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

为探究骨料类型、水灰比与石粉含量对机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了不同石粉质量分数(5%、10%和15%)和不同水灰比(0.50、0.37和0.32)的全再生骨料混凝土试件.以72个立方体试件用于抗压强度试验,72个圆柱体试件用于弹性模量试验.结果表明,合理的石粉含量能有效提高再生骨料混凝土的力学性能,但在不同的水灰比下,最佳石粉含量存在差异;当水灰比和石粉含量双因素交互作用时,水灰比为0.32、石粉质量分数为15%的再生混凝土力学性能达到最优.构建了机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量与水灰比、石粉含量的关系模型,计算结果的标准差与离散系数均不超过5%,模型精度良好.研究成果可为提高再生骨料混凝土力学性能及其工程应用提供理论依据.