Performance of a Horizontal Flow Constructed Reed Bed Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: The Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.

水利工程施工中软土地基处理技术

地基是水利工程的基础,地基施工质量直接影响到了水利工程整体质量,因此,提高地基施工质量至关重要。软土地基是水利工程地基常见的一种类型,这种类型的地基具有高压缩性、抗剪强度低、易破坏、透水性差等特点,如果地基处理不当,就容易出现沉降、断裂、倾斜等问题,进而影响到水利工程质量。因此,在水利工程软土地基施工中,施工企业要严格按照科学的技术进行,确保施工质量过关。

建筑给排水工程质量与安全管理控制

文章主要对建筑给排水工程的质量与安全技术展开研究,通过对建筑给排水工程项目的系统设计、施工质量、管道材料质量控制等方面进行分析,提出了对建筑给排水工程的质量与安全进行有效控制的相关建议措施,为建设出高品质的建筑给排水工程项目提供帮助与借鉴。

Designing principles of an ecological water storage basin on coastal saline: a case study

The degradation of water source environment becomes serious problems accompanying with rapid urbanization in China. Ecological engineering provides ecologically sound and cost effective solution to solving this problem. As a case study, a 15 hm 2 ecological water storage basin for a water plant was designed and constructed on the TEDA area in Tianjin City. Located on saline, the construction of this project has to face serious difficulties, such as high salinity, scarce seed banks of macrophytes, and strong winds. Freshwater replacement, soil amendation and macrophytes planting at the basinshore, wooden water breaker and plastic membrane installation and other measures were conducted for the assistance of plant community establishment. The result showed that the chloride concentration in the basin water decreased from 11600 mg/L to less than 100 mg/L, and the chloride content in the basin sediment decreased from 2 1% to 0 35% after freshwater soaking. The introduced macrophytes of 8 species all survived and 11 other macrophytes species were occurred in the basin. A new ecosystem was created with increased biological diversity in the original saline, and the water quality was improved. This ecological water storage basin also provided a pleasing landscape for local people.

Employing Constructed Wetlands to Sustainably Manage Nutrient-Bearing Water: A Review with an Emphasis on Soil Behavior and Effluent Nutrient Reduction

Constructed wetlands are engineered structures designed to simulate processes of natural wetlands to mitigate anthropogenic organic and inorganic materials to shelter soil and water resources. This review focuses on the global interest in constructed wetland application to sustain soil health and water quality and water abundance. Engineering criterion remains a function of nutrient chemistry and load with suitability factors including the local soil and hydrogeology constraints, climate, vegetation selection, the degree of required influent improvement, and reactor types and sizes. Future research needs to focus on: 1) reactor designs criteria, 2) the biology of the microbial community, 3) selection criteria for native vegetation, and 4) criteria to reapply treated water to foster land productivity, especially for region’s experiencing water deficiencies.

Compounding soils to improve cropland quality:A study based on field experiments and model simulations in the loess hilly-gully region,China

Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous areas.With the support of the central government’s policies,Yan’an,Northern Shaanxi,China implemented a major land consolidation engineering project in the loess hilly-gully region from 2013 to 2018,achieving 33,333.3 ha of new cropland.However,the poor quality of some newly-constructed cropland at the initial stage hindered its efficient utilization.In order to overcome this problem,red clay and Malan loess were compounded in different volume ratios to explore the method to improve the cropland quality.The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate the effects of different soil treatments on soil water,nitrogen and maize growth.Experimental data were collected from 2018 to 2019 to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate nitrogen concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index were in the range of 11.72-14.06 mm,4.06-11.73 mg kg^(-1),835.21-1151.28 kg ha^(-1)and 0.24-0.47,respectively,while the agreement index(d)between measured and simulated values ranged from 0.70 to 0.96.It was showed that,compared with land constructed with Malan loess only(T1),the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics of land with a volume ratio of red clay and Malan loess of 2:1(T3)was better.Simulation indicated that,compared with T1,the soil water content and available water content of T3 increased by 14.4%and 19.0%,respectively,while N leaching decreased by 16.9%.The aboveground biomass and maize yield of T3 were 7.9%and 6.7%higher than that of T1,respectively.Furthermore,the water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T3 increased by 21.0%and 16.6%compared with that of T1.These results indicated that compounding red clay and Malan loess in an appropriate ratio was an effective method to improve soil quality.This study provides a technical idea and specific technical parameters for the construction or improvement of cropland in loess hilly-gully region,which may also provide reference for similar projects in other places.

Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Stagnant Surface Water Bodies (Ponds and Lakes) Used for Drinking and Domestic Purposes in Niger Delta, Nigeria

The surface water quality of some stagnant water bodies (ponds and lakes—Obi Lake, Usede pond, Oguta lake, Omuku pond, Ugheghe pond, Karabodone lake, Abua lake, Ikarama lake, Tenmako lake, and Adiegbe lake) in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria have been investigated experimentally by analysing the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the surface water samples. Results show: pH (5.10 - 7.40), temperature (26.4°C - 31.0°C), turbidity (7.83 - 27.7NTU), electrical conductivity (13.5 - 34.8 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (1.07 - 19.5 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (1.90 - 21.5 mg/l), suspended solids (SS) (9.70 - 37.3 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (DO) (2.7 - 8.7 mg/l), total dissolved solids (TDS) (33.8 - 187.0 mg/l), total phosphorus (0.73 - 2.47 mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) (0.018 - 4.70 mg/l) and total fecal coliform count (TFCC) (nil - 2175 cfu/ml). Results on the water quality using Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI) show that Usede pond and Obi Lake belong to Class II with values that are 75.24 and 76.73 respectively. The WQI of Oguta lake, Omuku pond, Ugheghe pond, Karabodone lake and Abua lake are 67.46, 65.64, 65.87, 50.77, and 67.01 respectively and belongs to class III. The WQI of Ikarama lake, Tenmako lake, and Adiegbe lake are 43.38, 37.60, and 41.40, respectively and belongs to class IV and is described as fair.

Construction Technology and Quality Control of Double Layer Continuous Paving of Cement Stabilized Macadam Base

The construction method of continuous paving of the upper and lower base of the water stable macadam base can improve the construction efficiency,overcome the quality problems of the traditional layered paving of the upper and lower base,such as untimely curing,slow construction,poor interlayer bonding,contraction joint and interlayer,so as to ensure the construction quality of the water stable macadam.It is also the promotion and application of new technology.

黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

高含水老油田化学驱综合治理新方法及工程实践路径

针对胜利高含水老油田化学驱在科学、技术、管理、工程四个角度面临的开发矛盾,以渤76块为典型单元,在工程实践中进行具体对策分析,构建了“适、专、快、集”的老油田化学驱综合治理新方法。“适”指在老油田科学开发方式转化上,构建不同油藏类型老油田化学驱最佳介入时机模型,提出了在含水率相对较低的阶段,是适合化学驱的有利时机,高效开发方式需“适”介入。“专”指在老油田开发技术应用上,改变传统聚合物先溶解后注入的开发思路,研制可控相转化聚合物,使聚合物先注入后溶解,解决炮眼剪切降解的难题,提高油水流度控制能力,老油田开发矛盾需“专”治理。“快”指在老油田综合管理模式上,改变传统方式,即矿场提问题、研究院设计方案、化工厂生产驱油剂的“串联”管理模式,提出充分发挥矿场、研究院、生产厂三方优势的“并联”管理模式,形成针对单一油藏的产品工业化工艺包以及产业化落地方案,老油田开发技术实现“快”转化。“集”指在老油田工程应用实践上,打破老油田化学驱地面大规模建站的工程工艺模式,采用集约化撬装配注设备,实现老油田化学驱的集约快速配注,老油田工程工艺实现“集”应用。运用上述方法,在胜利油田渤76块综合含水率上升初期,实施由水驱转为可控相转化聚合物驱,实施后一年即见到明显的降水增油效果,单井日产油水平增加8.6t/d,综合含水率降低3.1%,验证了综合治理模式的可行性,为高含水老油田化学驱高效开发提供了有效路径。

基于GRA-GRU的淮河流域水质预测研究

水质指标具有多元相关性、时序性和非线性的特点,为有效预测河流水质变化,针对水质数据存在缺失和异常的问题,提出基于灰色关联分析-门控循环单元(Grey Relational Analysis-Gated Recurrent Unit, GRA-GRU)的水质预测模型。以淮河流域水质数据为样本,使用线性插值修补缺失数据和剔除的异常数据。使用灰色关联分析计算不同水质指标间的相关性,选择高相关性的水质指标以确定输入变量,并使用门控循环单元(Gated Recurrent Unit, GRU)预测不同的水质指标。将GRA-GRU的预测结果与反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN)、循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network, RNN)、长短期记忆神经网络(Long Short Term Memory, LSTM)、GRU及灰色关联分析-长短期记忆神经网络(Grey Relational Analysis-Long Short Term Memory, GRA-LSTM)进行对比分析,结果显示GRA-GRU在不同水质指标预测上具有较好的适应性,可以有效降低预测误差。其中,与其他模型相比,GRA-GRU预测的化学需氧量在均方根误差上分别降低了3.617%、0.681%、0.478%、1.505%和0.471%。

废水处理中水质监测参数的实时预测研究

针对污水处理厂生化池中参数监测智能化水平不高、人力耗费较大的问题,提出基于麻雀算法-长短期记忆神经网络(Sparrow Search Algorithm-Long Short Term Memory Network,SSA-LSTM)的水质参数预测模型。以污水处理过程中好氧区溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、好氧区混合液悬浮固体(Mixed Liquid Suspended Solids,MLSS)质量浓度、缺氧区DO、缺氧区氧化还原电位(Oxidation-Reduction Potential,ORP)、厌氧区DO和厌氧区ORP 6个关键指标为数据样本,进行实例研究。将SSA-LSTM的预测结果与长短期记忆神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory Network,LSTM)、粒子群算法(Particle Swarm optimization-Long Short Term Memory Network,PSO-LSTM)、深度森林以及支持向量机进行对比分析,结果显示:SSA-LSTM在6个参数上的均方误差(EMSE)和决定系数(R2)均表现出更好的预测性,预测精度最高。

数字孪生丹江口工程建设

文章介绍了数字孪生丹江口工程的建设背景及目标需求,重点阐述围绕大坝安全、水质安全、库区安全等核心业务创新研发的多项关键技术,总结梳理了数字孪生丹江口工程后续工作及数字孪生建设面临的挑战,提出数字孪生技术发展展望。

新工科背景下教学创新设计与实践——以给排水科学与工程专业水质工程学(二)课程为例

水质工程学(二)是给排水科学与工程专业本科生的必修核心课程,与我国生态文明建设重大战略需求紧密相关,课程改革对培养解决复杂工程问题和适应新时代专业需求的卓越拔尖人才具有重要意义。针对传统课程教学的问题和痛点,该课程围绕教学改革与创新的目标,坚持多维度创新与持续改进,包括课程思政融入日常教学;教学内容立足国家需求,聚焦学科前沿,注重学科交叉;教学方式上采用启发互动性的教学方法;充分发挥“双师型”“双导师型”的教师团队优势;采用多元化的教学评价体系,多维度考评教学效果。该课程创新特色明显、成效显著,经行业评价和实践检验,创新成果具有较强的辐射推广应用价值。

北京市岩溶地下水质量评价及其生态环境效应

【研究目的】岩溶地下水是北京市重要的供水水源,在城市供水安全保障中发挥着难以替代的作用,同时又具有重要的生态功能。【研究方法】本文以2021年6月在北京市系统采集的278件岩溶地下水样化验数据为基础,以岩溶水系统为单元,开展了岩溶水单因子质量评价和综合质量评价,并首次对有机指标进行了统计和分析。【研究结果】(1)北京市岩溶水的pH、TDS和TH平均值分别为7.69、334.77 mg/L和262.01 mg/L,具有弱碱性、低盐度和低硬度的特点,地下水质量总体良好。(2)非常规指标的检出率从大到小为:苯并[a]芘(4.32%)、三溴甲烷(3.60%)和二甲苯(总量)(2.52%),应当引起足够重视。(3)北京市岩溶水水质Ⅰ~Ⅲ类总占比为82.01%,Ⅳ和Ⅴ类总占比为17.99%,超标点主要集中在山区与平原分界线处,超标指标主要有Fe、TH、NH_(3)-N、Mn、SO_(4)^(2-)、F^(-)、NO_(3)-N等。【结论】北京市生态涵养区是重要的水源补给区和生态保护区,区内岩溶水对于保障首都供水安全和保护生态环境具有重要意义,今后应通过提高植被覆盖率加强水源涵养以增加补给量,应严格控制点源和面源污染减少污染物输入,持续优化监测网络进行预警,广泛宣传增强公众生态环保意识,共同保护岩溶水的生态环境。

典型高速公路服务区污水水质与处理效果调研分析

选取江苏省境内车流量和污水排放情况有较强代表性的典型高速公路服务区进行实地调查与水质监测,分别对不同时间段以及不同等级服务区的水质变化特征进行深入分析,为服务区污水处理工艺设计和运行维护提供参考。结果表明,不同等级公路服务区进水浓度存在较大差异,同一等级公路不同服务区之间进水浓度也存在较大差异;受服务区规模、功能差异以及车乘人员数量随机性的影响,污水处理设施的进水水质在每时甚至每月都具有较大的波动性,同一服务区节假日期间进水COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN浓度变化系数分别可达2.50,2.21,2.31;不同服务区进水浓度变化系数存在较大差异且无明显变化规律。出水水质分析结果表明,高速公路服务区污水处理设施抗冲击负荷能力普遍较弱,脱氮除磷效能低,出水难以稳定达标;与A^(2)O工艺相比,MBR工艺具有更高的COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN去除效能;TP主要通过化学除磷去除;较大的调节池容积可以延长水力停留时间,有助于提升污水处理系统抗冲击负荷能力。调研发现,高速公路服务区污水处理主要存在水质水量基础数据缺乏、设计规模不匹配、工艺不尽合理、维护管理力度不足、监督管理缺位等问题,提出深入水质水量调研、研发适宜工艺、加强运维管理、落实监督责任等相应对策。

面向工程教育专业认证的“水质工程学”课程改革——以强化支撑“解决复杂工程问题”的持续改进为例

针对“水质工程学”课程教学在支撑给排水科学与工程专业毕业要求过程中存在的问题,实施了以强化工程思维为导向的“水质工程学”课程改革。通过结合现行的翻转课堂的教学设计,建立“课堂实例分析+课后方案设计+综合性考核”的教学模式,并结合“水厂课程设计”和“污水处理厂课程设计”的实践环节进行知识点扩展和工程思维强化,形成了适应于院校给排水科学与工程专业水处理方向专业技术人才的多环节培养模式,结果表明,课程改革实施方案科学合理,实施后有效提升了学生对毕业要求分指标点中“解决给排水科学与工程专业的复杂工程问题”方面的达成度,符合工程教育认证下专业核心课程持续改进的要求。

基于CRITIC和多策略秃鹰优化BiLSTM的水质预测研究

科学有效地预测水质对于水环境的可持续发展和人类健康具有重要意义,为此以固原市某黄河断面的水质监测数据为研究对象,提出了基于指标客观性的权重赋权(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法和改进的秃鹰搜索(Improved Bald Eagle Search,IBES)算法优化双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network,BiLSTM)的组合水质等级预测模型。首先,采用CRITIC法确定各水质指标的权重,加权求和获得一项综合水质指标,从而提出一种改进的水质评价指标体系,以为BiLSTM提供更丰富、更可靠的水质特征信息。其次,在训练过程中引入Logistic映射和莱维飞行策略,并设计交叉共享及准反向搜索策略优化秃鹰搜索(Bald Eagle Search,BES)算法,以提升其种群多样性,增强寻优能力。最后,通过IBES算法迭代寻找BiLSTM的最佳学习率、隐藏层节点数以及正则化系数的超参数组合,进一步提高其预测水平。结果显示:与IBES-BiLSTM、BES-BiLSTM、GA-BiLSTM、PSO-BiLSTM和BiLSTM等模型相比,CRITIC-IBES-BiLSTM模型进行水质等级预测的准确率、精准率、召回率及F_(1)均最高,且具有更好的稳定性。

石油化工总承包项目给排水工程施工管理研究

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