Design and Development of Innovative Highland Water Filtration System

The righteous book of Al-Quran mentions that the basic need of the living thing in this world is water. Resident of rural areas such as indigenous people will tap the highland aquatic resources as the main foundation for water. The reservoir is built on the top of hilly area to collect water before it discharges through a pipe system that uses the force of gravity to go down to the settlements. However, the filtration system frequently clogs and requires the occupants to climb up the reservoir hill for cleaning process. A lot of energy and time are required to manage the irrigation systems. Thus, an innovation system has been conducted as the filters will be cleaned automatically using solar energy supply. The designs of the filters are specially designed as the filter is equipped with electric motors, washer rods, power supply units, and automatic control box. The advantages of this project are the product will filtered the water as remain as natural highland watering resources while using the solar energy to accomplished green technology application.

Current Trends in Pickering Emulsions: Particle Morphology and Applications

In recent years,Pickering emulsions and their applications have attracted a great deal of attention due to their special features,which include easy preparation and enhanced stability.In contrast to classical emulsions,in Pickering emulsions,solid microparticles or nanoparticles that localize at the interface between liquids are used as stabilizers,instead of surfactants,to enhance the droplet lifetime.Furthermore,Pickering emulsions show higher stability,lower toxicity,and stimuli-responsiveness,compared with emulsions that are stabilized by surfactants.Therefore,they can be considered attractive components for various uses,such as photocatalysis and the preparation of new materials.Moreover,the nanoparticle morphology strongly influences Pickering emulsion stability as well as the potential utilization of such emulsions.Here,we review recent findings concerning Pickering emulsions,with a particular focus on how the nanoparticles morphology(i.e.,cube,ellipsoid,nanosheet,sphere,cylinder,rod,peanut)influences the type and stability of such emulsions,and their current applications in different fields such as antibacterial activity,protein recognition,catalysis,photocatalysis,and water purification.

Corrosion Processes in the Concrete of the Dams

During the whole operation life of Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk hydroelectric plants, chemical analysis of water filtering through the pressure front of the concrete dams was under systematic monitoring by sampling in places of concemrated outcome in the inspection galleries of a dam. Long-term cumulative observations made up a basis for study of the indicated dams concrete corrosion caused by the Angara water in the process of its filtration through the cracks formed in the period of the dam erection, through construction joims and other defects. Mathematical-statistical analysis allowed the classification the processes of corrosion from the point of view of their time dynamics and divided them correspondingly into stationary （stable） and non-stationary. On the basis of a calculation of the cement stone componem removal along with the ideas of the process dynamics the pressure from filtration developmem forecast has been made and their danger level has been estimated. The developed conception is of rather a general character and can be used when analyzing the state of concrete dams of the Angara cascade and other similar cases.

Efficacy of two chemical coagulants and three different filtration media on removal of Aspergillus flavus from surface water

Aquatic fungi are common in various aqueous environments and play potentially crucial roles in nutrient and carbon cycling as well as interacting with other organisms. Species of Aspergillus are the most common fungi that occur in water. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of two coagulants, aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, used at different concentrations to treat drinking water, in removing Aspergillusflavus, as well as testing three different filtration media： sand, activated carbon, and ceramic granules, for their removal of fungi from water. The results revealed that both coagulants were effective in removing fungi and decreasing the turbidity of drinking water, and turbidity decreased with increasing coagulant concentration. Also, at the highest concentration of the coagulants, A. flavus was decreased by 99.6% in the treated water. Among ceramic granules, activated carbon, and sand used as media for water filtration, the sand and activated carbon filters were more effective in removing A.flavus than ceramic granules while simultaneously decreasing the turbidity levels in the test water samples. Post-treatment total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） concentrations in the experimental water did not decrease; on the contrary, TN concentrations increased with the increasing dosage of coagulants. The filtration process had no effect in reducing TOC and TN in tested water.