Relationship Between Soluble Protein,Chlorophyll and ATP in Drought-Resistant Sweet Potato Under Water Stress

Some indices concerning the metabolism of substance and energy in sweet potato leaves under water stress were studied. The results showed an obvious increase in soluble protein content. Compared with control, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl contents and the ratio of Chl a to Chl b all decreased to some extent. ATP content increased in some varieties and decreased in others, but the stronger the drought resistance of the variety , the higher the ATP content. The correlation coefficient(r)of the soluble protein content, ratio of Chl a to Chl b and ATP content as a percentage of the drought-resistant sweet potato control variety are 0. 8968, - 0. 8509 and 0. 8200, respectively, P<0. 01. So these indices can be used to evaluate the drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties.

Palatability of Water-Soluble Extracts of Protein Sources and Replacement of Fishmeal by a Selected Mixture of Protein Sources for Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

Poor palatability is a limiting factor for replacing fishmeal with other protein sources in aquaculture. The water-soluble molecules with low molecular weights are the major determinants of the palatability of diets. The present study was conducted to investigate the palatability of water-soluble extracts from single protein source(single extract pellets) and the mixture of these extracts with different proportions(blended extract pellets) in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). Then according to the palatability of blended extract pellets, an optimal mixture proportion was selected, and a new protein source made from raw protein materials with the selected proportion was formulated to replace fishmeal. Summarily, the palatability of single extract pellets for turbot was descendent from fishmeal to pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, meat and bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Subsequently, according to the palatability of single extract pellets, 52 kinds of blended extract pellets were designed to test their palatability. The results showed that the pellets presented remarkably different palatability, and the optimal one was diet 52(wheat gluten meal: pet-food grade poultry by-product meal: meat and bone meal: corn gluten meal = 1:6:1:2). The highest ingestion ratio(the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed) was 0.73 ± 0.03, which was observed in Diet 52. Then five isonitrogenous(52% crude protein) and isocaloric(20 k J g^(-1) gross energy) diets were formulated by replacing 0(control), 35%, 50%, 65% and 80% of fishmeal with No.52 blending proportion. After a 10-weeks feeding trial, a consistent feed intake was found among all replacement treatments. Replacement level of fishmeal up to 35% did not significantly influence final body weight, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of turbot. Therefore, the water-soluble extracts of protein sources play an important role in improving the palatability of non-fishmeal protein sources in aquafeed.

Change of Water-Soluble-Protein, Urea-Soluble-Protein and Membrane Intrinsic Protein in Human Senile Cataract

Purpose:To analyze the change of water-soluble-protein(WSP),urea-soluble-protein(USP)and membrane intrinsic protein(MIP)in human senile catarct.Methods:The water-soluble-fractions(WSF)were prepared basically according to the method of Kibbelear,et al.But in this study,5mmol/LB-mercaptoethanol was added to the buffer solution.The urea-soluble-fractions(USF)were pre-pared basically according to the method of Kibbelear,et al.Lens fiber cell mem-branes were purified basically according to the method of Russell,et al.SDS-PAGE were performed according to the procedure of Laemmili,et al.using re-solving gel13%and3%stacking gel.Results:The WSPwas fractionated intoHM^+α^-,β1-3^-andγ-crystallin compo-nents.In nuclear cataractous lenses HM^+α^-and B-crystallin increase,while r-crystallin decrease.The USP from clear lenses contains mainlyαβchains of22KD,whereas in cataractous lenses,especially in nuclear cataractous lenses,the relative amount of the 28-and23KDpolypeptide(the components of β-crys-tallin)increased markedly.Lens fiber cell MIP,clear lens and cataract lens con-tained the main polypeptide of 27KD(MIP)and23KD(MP23).Conclusion:The water-insolube protein,whether in quantity or in quality,plays an important role in cataract formation.Eye Science 1995,11:124-127.

Favorable and unfavorable amino acid residues in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins

We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.

火麻仁中水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类成分的研究进展

火麻仁为药食同源中药,应用历史久远,含有丰富的火麻油、大麻素类、木脂素酰胺类、火麻蛋白、多糖等成分,具有润肠通便的功效,在食品和医药领域都表现出较好的开发前景。笔者通过查阅近10年火麻仁的相关文献报道,对其主要水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类的最新研究进行了分析整理,发现火麻仁蛋白是一种优质的植物蛋白,主要由天冬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸构成,具有通便、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗氧化等药理作用,可通过碱提(酸沉)法、盐析法、酶解法等方法提取纯化,毒理学研究证实其应用较为安全;火麻仁中水溶性总糖含量约为3%~6%,主要具有免疫调节及抗氧化作用,可通过微波辅助提取进行制备,但相关单糖组成、糖链连接等结构研究还未深入开展。

灰树花水溶物对EV71病毒的抑制作用

【目的】探讨灰树花水溶物(GFWE)的化学成分及其对EV71病毒的抑制作用,为促进灰树花综合利用、提高其经济附加值,以及开发预防和治疗EV71病毒感染的功能性食品提供依据。【方法】采用色谱法测定了GFWE的主要化学成分组成、多糖组成和分子质量。基于体外细胞培养采用CCK-8法确定了GFWE的安全上样量;以EV71病毒感染Vero细胞为模型,探究GFWE对EV71病毒的抑制率及对Vero细胞形态的影响,并采用荧光定量PCR检测了EV71病毒衣壳蛋白(VP1)编码基因mRNA的表达水平,初步评价了GFWE对EV71病毒的抑制作用。【结果】GFWE主要由低分子质量多糖、氨基酸、肽及其衍生物组成。GFWE富含的13种氨基酸中包含7种必需氨基酸;其多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖、盐酸氨基葡萄糖和古罗糖醛酸4种单糖组成,物质的量比为0.907∶0.038∶0.029∶0.026,重均分子质量分别为15.67、10.10、6.60 ku和<1.00 ku。GFWE表现出较高的抗EV71病毒活性,100、200μg·mL^(-1) GFWE对EV71病毒的抑制率分别为91.32%、91.83%,25~400μg·mL^(-1) GFWE能显著降低EV71 VP1 mRNA的表达水平。【结论】GFWE主要由低分子质量多糖、氨基酸、肽及其衍生物组成,具有较高的抗EV71病毒活性,能够抑制感染EV71病毒的Vero细胞中VP1的合成。

化肥减量配施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

为探讨增施鱼蛋白有机液肥替代化肥的效果,以每667m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥5.0kg为对照,设置每667 m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥3.5 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥0.5kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0L这3个化肥减量处理,比较分析化肥减量增施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄生长、产量和果实性状及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明:在每667m^(2)施用5.0L鱼蛋白有机液肥的情况下,减少水溶肥用量会降低番茄的株高、叶长和叶宽,但促进了茎粗、果实纵横径的生长,其中不同处理的果实纵径差异不显著,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量随水溶肥用量的减少先升高再降低,以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥3.5 kg和2.0 kg的果形指数最大,但与其他处理没有显著差异。不同处理的平均单穗坐果数没有显著差异,单果质量和果实纵横径的变化趋势一致,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥0.5 kg的小区产量最大。因此,在追求产量的情况下,果实膨大至采收前以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥+0.5 kg鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比最适合生产;如果追求品质,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比有利于生产,比对照果实可溶性固形物含量可提高5.8%,667 m^(2)产量提高17.2%。

Rice plant growth and yield: foliar application of plasma activated water

Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced.The results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.

Transformation of Sucrose to Starch and Protein in Rice Leaves and Grains under Two Establishment Methods

Six rice varieties, PR120, PR116, Feng Ai Zan, PR115, PAU201 and Punjab Mehak 1 were raised under aerobic and transplanting conditions to assess the effects of planting conditions on sucrose metabolising enzymes in relation to the transformation of free sugars to starch and protein in flag leaves and grains. Activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase increased till flowering stage in leaves and mid-milky stage（14 d after flowering） in grains and thereafter declined in concomitant with the contents of reducing sugar. Under aerobic conditions, the activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase（cleavage） significantly decreased in conjunction with the decrease in non-reducing sugars and starch content in all the varieties. Disruption of starch biosynthesis under the influence of aerobic conditions in both leaves and grains and the higher build up of sugars possibly resulted in their favoured utilization in nitrogen metabolism. Feng Ai Zan, PR115 and PR120 maintained higher levels of sucrose synthase enzymes in grains and leaves and contents of metabolites（amino acid, protein and non-reducing sugar） under aerobic conditions, while PR116, Punjab Mehak 1 and PAU201 performed better under transplanting conditions, thus showing their adaptation to environmental stress. Yield gap between aerobic and transplanting rice is attributed primarily to the difference in sink activity and strength. Overall, it appear that up-regulation of sucrose synthase（synthesis） and sucrose phosphate synthase under aerobic conditions might be responsible in enhancing growth and productivity of rice varieties.

超声辅助提取豆粕水溶性蛋白质工艺优化

在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化低温豆粕中水溶性蛋白质的超声辅助提取工艺,并比较凯氏定氮法和考马斯亮蓝法测定水溶性蛋白质含量。结果表明:超声辅助提取低温豆粕水溶性蛋白的最佳工艺条件为超声功率500 W、超声时间15 min、料液比1∶30(g/mL),在此条件下提取的水溶性蛋白质含量为40.96%;凯氏定氮法检测结果高于考马斯亮蓝法。

无创呼吸机治疗的重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者血清sTREM-1、SP-D、EVLWI水平变化及其临床意义

目的探究采用无创呼吸机治疗的重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者血清可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、肺表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)、监测血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)水平变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2021年6月在三峡大学第三临床医学院采用无创呼吸机治疗的80例重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者的诊疗资料,根据治疗效果分为有效组62例和无效组18例。比较两组患者的血清sTREM-1、SP-D及EVLWI水平,采用Logistic回归分析法分析影响重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者应用无创呼吸机治疗效果的因素。结果有效组患者的血清sTREM-1、SP-D水平及EVLWI分别为(40.21±12.36)ng/L、(94.38±20.76)μg/L、(10.42±2.65)mL/kg,明显低于无效组的(61.97±17.28)ng/L、(110.51±23.09)μg/L、(12.13±2.80)mL/kg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果显示,sTREM-1、SP-D、EVLWI均为影响重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者无创呼吸机治疗效果的相关因素(P<0.05)。结论采用无创呼吸机治疗重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者的sTREM-1、SP-D、EVLWI水平变化明显,上述三项指标均为影响无创呼吸机治疗效果的影响因素。

武汉市一次霾污染过程不同发展阶段下水溶性离子来源解析

本文利用气体组分及大气气溶胶在线监测系统(MARGA ADI 2080)观测武汉市2018年1月9—26日大气气溶胶中的8种水溶性离子(NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)和Mg^(2+)),结合气象要素数据,使用主成分分析(PCA)、正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)、HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、潜在源区贡献(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT),对霾污染过程中水溶性离子进行了全面的来源解析,探究了霾不同阶段下来源差异和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)本次霾污染中的8种水溶性离子和4种污染气体,PCA解析出的源和占比分别为二次源和燃煤源的混合源(41.28%)、工业排放和土壤扬尘混合源(27.73%)和机动车排放源(9.63%),PMF解析出的源和占比分别为燃煤与土壤扬尘混合源(18.57%)、机动车排放源(20.74%)、二次源(18.30%)、光化学污染源(22.24%)和燃煤源(20.15%)。(2)霾在不同阶段下水溶性离子和4种污染气体的来源存在差异,在清洁天和霾消散阶段,光化学的贡献最高,占比分别为31.42%和36.07%;在霾发生阶段燃煤与土壤扬尘源的贡献最高,其贡献为40.94%;在霾发展阶段,最大的控制源为二次源,贡献占比为37.51%。(3)此次武汉市霾污染中PM_(2.5)浓度和NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)的潜在源区为皖豫鄂三省和赣湘鄂三省交界处。霾污染中PM_(2.5)的主要影响范围是武汉市南部和北部省份,NO_(3)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)和SO_(4)^(2-)的主要影响区域为武汉市东北方向的城市、湖南省和江西省。

维生素C碳点对椰蛋白提取率及其功能特性的影响研究

以废弃椰粕为原料,首次将维生素C碳点应用于碱溶酸沉法提取水溶性椰蛋白。考察了提取剂pH值、维生素C碳点用量、超声时间、液料比对水溶性椰蛋白提取率的影响;同时考察了维生素C碳点对椰蛋白的功能特性(蛋白质溶解度(protein solubility,PS)、乳化活性指数(emulsion activity index,EAI)、乳化稳定性指数(emulsion stability index,ESI)、起泡能力(foaming ability,FC)、起泡稳定性(foaming stability,FS))的影响。结果表明,椰粕中水溶性椰蛋白的最佳提取工艺为提取液pH为11、5 mg/mL维生素C碳点用量25μL、超声时间为30 min、液料比(mL:g)为20:1,在优化的条件下椰粕中水溶性椰蛋白提取率为3.55%,是不加维生素C碳点的椰蛋白提取率1.67倍;维生素C碳点提高了椰蛋白的PS、EAI、FC,降低了椰蛋白的ESI、FS。

不同破碎工艺对低脂肉糜品质的影响

为探究不同破碎工艺对低脂肉糜蛋白质性质和食用品质的影响,在打浆机和斩拌机上,采用不同刀具(钝刀和利刀)制备肉糜,测定肉糜的pH、盐溶性蛋白质含量、蛋白质二级结构、粒径分布、色泽、流变特性和肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失、持水力、质构特性、微观结构。结果表明:4种破碎工艺对肌肉纤维的破碎程度不同,使低脂肉糜及所形成的凝胶呈现不同性质。与打浆机相比,斩拌机处理的低脂肉糜在温度扫描中拥有更高的G'值。钝刀打浆处理的低脂肉糜在频率扫描中拥有最低的粘度,呈现较差的稳定性。斩拌机高强度的切割作用使得破碎的肉糜的终点温度更低、颗粒粒径更小,煮制形成低脂肉糜凝胶的持水力更高。与其他3种工艺相比,钝刀斩拌低脂肉糜有最高的红度值、pH、盐溶性蛋白质含量和β折叠的相对含量,分别为15.95、6.66、77.05 mg/mL、43.71%,所形成低脂肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失最低和硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性、感官评分最高,分别为17.48%、4147.72 g、2883.35、2496.02 g,这可能归因于该处理对肌肉的适度破碎所形成的低脂肉糜凝胶具有更加紧密的微观结构。因此,钝刀斩拌工艺适用于低脂肉糜的破碎生产,可提高其盐溶性蛋白质含量、β折叠相对含量、红度、持水力和质构特性。

乙烯利对结缕草响应低温胁迫的作用

本文以日本结缕草(Zoysia japonica)为试验材料,通过喷施乙烯利后低温胁迫,检测日本结缕草叶片叶绿素、相对含水量、电解质渗透率、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量及脯氨酸代谢途径相关基因的表达水平,研究乙烯利对低温胁迫下结缕草生理指标、渗透调节物质及脯氨酸代谢途径相关基因的影响。结果显示,乙烯利可降低日本结缕草低温导致的叶绿素损失,抑制叶片相对含水量的下降幅度和电解质渗透率的上升幅度,提高日本结缕草可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量,同时上调了△1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)基因表达,下调了脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)基因表达,对△1-吡咯琳-5-羧酸还原酶(P5CR)、△1-吡咯琳-5-羧酸脱氢酶(P5CDH)和鸟氨酸-δ-转氨酶(OAT)基因表达无影响。研究发现,乙烯利喷施处理可以缓解日本结缕草低温胁迫损伤。本研究为乙烯利对结缕草耐寒性的作用机制提供了理论基础。

双指标融合Box-Behnken设计优化广西特产拟黑多刺蚁提取工艺

本研究以广西特产拟黑多刺蚁为原料,提取浸膏及水溶性蛋白含量。在单因素考察的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计响应面法优化提取工艺。采用浸膏得率、浸膏中水溶性蛋白含量为优化指标,考察以液料比、提取温度、提取时间对提取工艺的影响。最佳提取工艺为:液料比19.924,提取温度48.04℃,提取时间60 min,在此最优提取条件下浸膏得率为53.112%、浸膏中水溶性蛋白含量为77.164%。优化拟黑多刺蚁水溶性蛋白提取的工艺条件,对拟黑多刺蚁的研究开发综合利用具有重要意义。

基于美拉德反应的大豆分离蛋白改性膜的制备及应用研究

目的 采用美拉德反应(Maillard reaction, MR)提高大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate, SPI)膜的性能,并实现对水产品的保鲜效果。方法 研究了还原糖种类、SPI/核糖比例、pH、温度和时间对SPI改性(soybean protein isolate modified, SPIM)膜水溶性的影响,以及MR对SPIM膜外观色泽、微观结构和机械性能的影响;制备负载ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐(ε-polylysine hydrochloride,ε-PL)的SPIM抗菌(soybean protein isolate modified antibacterial, SPIMA)膜并用于包装南美白对虾虾仁,通过挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen, TVB-N)含量和菌落总数(total bacterial count, TBC)初步评价其保鲜效果。结果 确定了MR条件为SPI/核糖比例40:1、膜液初始pH 10、50℃下加热反应2.00 h,获得了水溶性、外观色泽、微观结构和机械性能等综合表现较优的SPIM膜;当ε-PL添加量为0.8%时,SPIMA膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出显著的抗菌活性;应用结果表明, SPIMA膜有效抑制南美白对虾虾仁贮藏期间TBC和TVB-N含量的上升。结论 MR改善了SPI膜的耐水性和机械性能,使其有效负载ε-PL并延缓南美白对虾虾仁贮藏期间的腐败变质,为SPI膜在高水分含量食品中的应用提供技术支撑。

Differences in dinucleotide frequencies of thermophilic genes encoding water soluble and membrane proteins

The occurrence frequencies of the dinucleotides of genes of three thermophilic and three mesophilic species from both archaea and eubacteria were investigated in this study. The genes encoding water soluble proteins were rich in the dinucleotides of purine dimers, whereas the genes encoding membrane proteins were rich in pyrimidine dimers. The dinucleotides of purine dimers are the counterparts of pyrimidine dimers in a double-stranded DNA. The purine/pyrimidine dimers were favored in the thermophiles but not in the mesophiles, based on comparisons of observed and expected frequencies. This finding is in agreement with our previous study which showed that purine/pyrimidine dimers are positive factors that increase the thermal stability of DNA. The dinucleotides AA, AG, and GA are components of the codons of charged residues of Glu, Asp, Lys, and Arg, and the dinucleotides TT, CT, and TC are components of the codons of hydrophobic residues of Leu, Ile, and Phe. This is consistent with the suitabilities of the different amino acid residues for water soluble and membrane proteins. Our analysis provides a picture of how thermophilic species produce water soluble and membrane proteins with distinctive characters: the genes encoding water soluble proteins use DNA sequences rich in purine dimers, and the genes encoding membrane proteins use DNA sequences rich in pyrimidine dimers on the opposite strand.

Water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles as a novel carrier system for protein delivery

High MW chitosan (CS) solutions have already been proposed as vehicles for protein delivery. The aim of the present work is to investigate the potential utility of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) as vehicles to load and deliver proteins. WSC nanoparticles (WSC NP) with various formations were prepared based on ionic gelation of WSC with pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) anions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein drug incorporated into the WSC nanoparticles. Blank and BSA-loaded WSC nanoparticles were examined and determined to have a spherical shape with diameters between 35―190 nm, and zeta potential between 35―42 mV. FTIR confirmed that the tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP linked to the ammonium groups of WSC in the nanoparticles. Some factors affecting delivery properties of BSA have been investigated. Altering the concentration of BSA from 0.05 to 1 mg/mL enhanced the loading capacity of BSA but decreased loading efficiency simultaneously. Also, with the introduction of poly ethylene glycol (PEG), BSA release accelerated. Nanoparticle preparation from WSC with various deacetylation degrees (DDs) from 72.6% to 90% and MWs ranging from 3.5 to 15.8 kDa promoted loading efficiency and decreased the release rate. These results indicate that WSC nanoparticles are promising carriers for protein delivery.

Assessing high resolution oxidation-reduction potential and soluble reactive phosphorus variation across vertical sediments and water layers in Xinghu Lake:A novel laboratory approach

To understand the transfer process of soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） on the lake sediment-water interface in a mesotrophic shallow lake in South China, the SRP concentrations and the oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） across the sediment-water interfaces were continually monitored. Sediment samples were collected from Xinghu Lake in Guangdong Province. The ORP dynamics at different layers of overlying water was similar for six experimental systems, whereas those in porewater were significantly different. The ORP in overlying water was 200-300 mV higher than those in sediments. The oxygen penetration depth ranged from 2 to 10 mm in Xiannu Lake sediments. The variation amplitudes of ORP increased with sediment depth, but the mean ORP values were all about 218 mV. The SRP concentrations in porewater maintained at a low level of about 0.049 mg/L because of high atom ratio of total iron and total manganese to total phosphorus. The SRP concentrations and variation amplitudes in porewater increased with sediment depth. The SRP in overlying water mainly originated from S RP transference of the porewater of middle and bottom sediments （3-15 cm）. The ORP variation and SRP transfer in porewater played important roles in changing SRP concentrations. A distinct SRP concentration gradient appeared in overlying water when intense exchange occurred at the sediment-water interface; therefore, it was necessary to monitor the SRP concentration profiles to accurately estimate the internal loading.