Frame Design and Reality of On-line Quality Control System for CNC Machining Center Based on Microcomputer

After giving a short review of the methods used for detecting and monitoring in general systems, this paper describes the way of communication between computer and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining Center (MC). Based on these, the paper addresses the means of performing in cycle measurement for manufacturing quality, provides an approach of improving the state of manufacturing process by achieving the real time change of control parameters according to the level of manufacturing process, and discusses the technique of implementing in process dimensional errors compensation corresponding to the in cycle measurement. The results of the experiments show that the frame design is successful and the operation is reliable. The system is taking shape nowadays.

Study on Factors Influencing the Quality of Automatic Monitoring Data of Pollution Sources and Technical Assurance Measures

Automatic monitoring data of pollution sources is an important basis for environmental supervision and management.At present,it is difficult to guarantee the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources,and it is difficult to play the role of the monitoring data.In response to this problem,the factors influencing the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources were analyzed in detail,and technical assurance measures for the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources in Shandong Province were studied.Besides,the dynamic management and control idea of automatic monitoring of pollution sources was proposed,and specific technical measures were analyzed from five aspects of standardizing automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources,improving the data collection and transmission system,establishing a mechanism for reporting operating status information of monitoring equipment,setting alarm rules and alarm processing procedures,and statistically analyzing the operating status of the equipment.Practice has proved that the dynamic management and control system can effectively ensure the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources.

Protecting Water Quality and Public Health Using a Smart Grid

After the attacks on September 11, 2001 and the follow-up risk assessments by utilities across the United States, securing the water distribution system against malevolent attack became a strategic goal for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Following 3 years of development work on a Contamination Warning System (CWS) at the Greater Cincinnati Water Works, four major cities across the United States were selected to enhance the CWS development conducted by the USEPA. One of the major efforts undertaken was to develop a process to seamlessly process “Big Data” sets in real time from different sources (online water quality monitoring, consumer complaints, enhanced security, public health surveillance, and sampling and analysis) and graphically display actionable information for operators to evaluate and respond to appropriately. The most significant finding that arose from the development and implementation of the “dashboard” were the dual benefits observed by all four utilities: the ability to enhance their operations and improve the regulatory compliance of their water distribution systems. Challenge: While most of the utilities had systems in place for SCADA, Work Order Management, Laboratory Management, 311 Call Center Management, Hydraulic Models, Public Health Monitoring, and GIS, these systems were not integrated, resulting in duplicate data entry, which made it difficult to trace back to a “single source of truth.” Each one of these data sources can produce a wealth of raw data. For most utilities, very little of this data is being translated into actionable information as utilities cannot overwhelm their staffs with manually processing the mountains of data generated. Instead, utilities prefer to provide their staffs with actionable information that is easily understood and provides the basis for rapid decision-making. Smart grid systems were developed so utilities can essentially find the actionable needle in the haystack of data. Utilities can then focus on rapidly evaluating the new information, compare it known activities occurring in the system, and identify the correct level of response required. Solution: CH2M HILL was engaged to design, implement, integrate, and deploy a unified spatial dashboard/smart grid system. This system included the processes, technology, automation, and governance necessary to link together the disparate systems in real time and fuse these data streams to the GIS. The overall solution mapped the business process involved with the data collection, the information flow requirements, and the system and application requirements. With these fundamentals defined, system integration was implemented to ensure that the individual systems worked together, eliminating need for duplicate data entry and manual processing. The spatial dashboard was developed on top of the integration platform, allowing the underlying component data streams to be visualized in a spatial setting. Result: With the smart grid system in place, the utilities had a straightforward method to determine the true operating conditions of their systems in real time, quickly identify a potential non-compliance problem in the early stages, and improve system security. The smart grid system has freed staff to focus on improving water quality through the automation of many mundane daily tasks. The system also plays an integral role in monitoring and optimizing the utilities’ daily operations and has been relied on during recovery operations, such as those in response to recent Superstorm Sandy. CH2M HILL is starting to identify the processes needed to expand the application of the smart grid system to include real-time water demands using AMI/AMR and real-time energy loads from pumping facilities. Once the smart grid system has been expanded to include Quality-Quantity-Energy, CH2M HILL can apply optimization engines to provide utility operations staffs with a true optimization tool for their water systems.

A water quality model applied for the rivers into the Qinhuangdao coastal water in the Bohai Sea, China

The water quality of all rivers into the Qinhuangdao coastal water was below the grade V in 2013. In this study, an inte- grated MIKE 1 l water quality model is applied to deal with the water environment in the rivers into the Qinhuangdao coastal water. The model is first calibrated with the field measured chemical oxygen demand （COD） concentrations. Then the transport of the COD in the rivers into the Qinhuangdao coastal water is computed based on the model in the water environmental monitoring process. Numerical results show that the COD concentration decreases dramatically in the estuaries, from which we can determine the positions of long-term monitoring stations to monitor the river pollutions into the coastal water. Furthermore, different scenarios about the inputs of the point sources and the non-point sources are simulated to discuss the model application in the water enviro- nmental control, and simplified formula are derived for assessing the water quality and the environmental management of rivers.

Management System Activities of the Operation and Utilization of GHARR-1

The Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) is a 34 kW low enriched uranium (LEU) Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR), tank-in-pool type and cooled by natural circulation under atmospheric pressure operating conditions. GHARR-1 is owned by Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) and operated by National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), one of the institutes of GAEC. GHARR-1 is housed by Nuclear Reactors Research Centre (NRRC), one of the Centres of NNRI. Management/Administration, Radiation protection, Reactor operation and maintenance, Reactor utilization and Physical protection are the various systems/units that integrate to manage the activities of operation and utilization of GHARR-1 in addition to the quality assurance and quality control management system of the research reactor facility. The GHARR-1 which is currently in operation follows a robust maintenance culture adopted by the management system and this has made it possible to keep the reactor in operation with minimal interruption. The management system activities adopted at the Centre to ensure safety of the workers, public and the research reactor facility include authorization of the operation of the reactor for any experiments/modifications;providing material and financial resources for maintaining the research reactor facility;following standard procedures while carrying out Neutron Activation Analysis;participation in IAEA proficiency test;irradiation sites/positions characterization;following standard procedures while carrying out reactor operation and maintenance including reactor and pool water purification and other related activities;monitoring radiation levels in the controlled, supervised and uncontrolled areas of the research reactor facility as well as during reactor operation and maintenance;controlling the physical entry of the workers and public into the research reactor facility;and ensuring that the security structures provided to protect the reactor facility are functioning properly. The thorough knowledge on the functions of the various components that make up the electrical/electronic and control systems of the reactor has been observed to be important for continuous successful maintenance of the research reactor to keep the reactor in operation. This work provides some management system activities adopted to monitor the activities of the research reactor operation and utilization to guarantee safety of workers, public and the environment as well as to safeguard a continuous operation of the research reactor. These management system activities adopted among others, are in the form of Monitoring Forms provided for monitoring the activities of the research reactor operation and utilization in order to ensure standard procedures and specifications are followed and quality services are rendered to the public.

大规模英语口语考试评分质量保障体系建设——以CET-SET6在线评分为例

大规模外语口语考试在线评分质量体系建设是一项系统工程,也是保障评分信度和可靠性的关键环节。在全国大学英语四、六级考试(CET)在线评分流程顶层设计指导下,三维度在线评分质量保障体系将口语评分过程中样卷及培训卷挑选流程、评分员培训流程、评分过程动态监控流程三个不同层面的子系统一环扣一环关联起来,使标准化工作机制一步一步落到实处。该体系从宏观和微观的管理视角,自上而下而又自下而上地从不同层面对评分误差进行控制,以降低评分中因评分员主观因素造成的给分差异。CET-SET6在线评分实践表明,该保障体系的实施提升了CET-SET评分信度和效度,有效保障了评分质量。该体系的建设也可为提高大规模、高风险考试在线评分信度、效度及质量管理水平提供一定的借鉴和参考。

水生生物监测质量保证、质量控制与标准化:动态与展望

水生生物监测是流域水生态状况评价的重要基础,监测数据的准确性和可靠性直接影响水生态环境质量评价与流域水生态管理成效。目前我国水生生物监测质量保证和质量控制体系尚处于持续完善的阶段,关键环节的控制要求和质控目标等亟待明确和细化。本文总结了欧美发达国家水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系建设中的经验,通过梳理我国水生生物监测工作基础与进展,较为系统地提出了适合我国现状的水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系标准化建设对策建议,包括实验室内部和外部质量保证与质量控制、水生生物监测质控数据库、人工智能识别和环境DNA新技术质控要点等标准化建议,为实现水生生物监测业务化运行,准确评估我国流域水生态质量状况的变化提供技术支撑。

淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物监测质量管理研究

淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物对水生态状况具有很好的阶段表征性,其监测结果可反映区域生态环境质量及变化的主要内容,现对其数量的监测已成为长江流域水生态考核的组成部分。对淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物监测的质量保证(QA)和质量控制(QC)组成质量管理体系,是确保监测结果科学、客观、公正的重要组成。鉴于此,在梳理国内外对淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物监测的质量管理体系现状基础上,通过归纳监测中质量管理要点,剖析质量保证和质量控制的关键风险点,探索分三个阶段的发展路线,以期为生态环境管理、执法、决策和科研等活动提供可靠的技术保障。

基于单片机技术的无人船湿地环境监测系统设计

针对当前湿地环境监测工作耗时耗力、安全系数低、成本高和采样难度大的问题,提出基于STC89C52RC和HC-12的无人船湿地环境监测系统。系统以STC89C52RC单片机为主控单元,使用便携式移动电源供电,通过导线连接由nRF905无线通信模块、HC-12无线通信模块、电机驱动系统、舵机驱动系统、水样采集系统、全球定位系统(global position system,GPS)和水质指标监测系统等构成的湿地环境监测无人船系统硬件部分,通过串口分别连接和烧写使用C#、keil软件制作上位机程序与nRF905单片机驱动程序,实现计算机通过串口通信方式完成单片机之间的无线通信和AT指令集的收发,从而达成计算机远距离实时遥控无人船进行定点水样采集与pH、浊度、温度指标监测的目的。野外实验结果证明,系统运行稳定,且水质指标测定结果精准。

气田回注水地下水环境特征水质因子在线监测装置研究

国内已初步建立重点地区及区域的地下水在线监测网络,实时对地下水动态等进行在线监测,其监测指标主要针对温度、电导率、pH值等基本水质因子,但对于现有气田回注井,地下水环境监测的重点是气田回注水中的氯离子(Cl^(-))、VOCs(石油类)、硫化物等特征因子是否存在泄露,现有监测主要采取每月一次现场地下水采样送样,实验室分析,耗费人力物力。针对气矿监测井中的地下水动态监测,研发一种快速便携式气田水回注地下水环境在线监测仪器,重点解决特征水质因子的野外现场的在线监测与分析,实现提高工作效率目标。

基于物联网的生活饮用水在线监测系统设计

随着人们对饮用水质量的关注度日益提升,基于物联网的生活饮用水在线监测系统成为一种重要的解决方案。文章旨在设计一种基于物联网的生活饮用水在线监测系统,以提高饮用水质量的监测和管理效率。在系统设计方面,选择合适的水质监测设备,并搭建水质监测服务平台。通过传感器采集水质数据,并将数据传输到主句进行处理和存储,然后通过GPRS技术将数据发送到服务器,实现远程监控和管理。

水利类研究生学位论文质量保障体系构建研究

学位论文质量管理工作是研究生培养的重要环节,学位论文水平是研究生培养质量和成效的综合体现。在“双一流”建设目标驱动标准体系下,全面提升研究生学位论文质量,是研究生培养工作面临的关键课题。文章拟探讨构建科学合理的研究生学位论文质量保障体系,全面提升研究生学位论文水平,以加快推进水利工程一流学科建设。

探究环境监测中如何提高水污染监测质量

水污染监测质量的提升对于环境保护和人类健康具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨提升水污染监测质量的方法和策略。通过引入先进的监测技术、建立完善的监测网络、加强质量控制和质量保证体系,并提高监测人员的专业素质,可以有效提高水污染监测的准确性和可靠性。此外,国际合作和信息共享也是提升水污染监测质量的重要途径。通过这些措施,可以为环境保护决策提供可靠的数据支持,促进水环境的健康与可持续发展。

水质环境监测中微生物检测质量控制探讨

在水质环境监测领域,可利用的检测方法较多,就目前而言,应用较多的是微生物检测技术,以此强化对水质的管控,为新时代环保工程中的一项重要技术措施。微生物检测技术的合理应用,可以促使水质环境监测工作效率得到显著提升,但结合实际应用情况看,此项技术的应用中存在较多影响因素。所以,本文对微生物检测质量控制措施进行探讨,以供有关人员参考借鉴。

水环境监测技术分析与监测质量控制要点

水环境的破坏既影响到人类社会的长期可持续发展,同时也对人类生命健康构成严重威胁,因此,水环境监测至关重要。本文以水环境监测为研究对象,分析了水环境监测的主要内容与质量控制的必要性,探讨了水环境监测技术关键环节,并结合影响水环境监测质量控制的主要因素,提出了水环境监测质量控制的优化措施,旨在提高水环境监测技术的应用水平,为水污染治理工作的开展提供科学依据。

渔港水域水质在线监测系统设计与实现

针对渔港水域水质实时监测预警问题,拟设计一款适用于渔港水域的由浮筒端和岸基端组成的水质在线监测系统。浮筒端选取STM32主控,将传感器集成在扩展板中,分别对pH酸碱度、导电率、溶解氧、水温、水位计和ORP等数据采集。通过RS485将传感器检测数据传输至主控,由主控对数据进行处理,最后由RS485通信模块将信号传输至岸基端。岸基端基于QT制作的显示界面实现显示传回的数据及预警信息,系统工作稳定、可靠,可直观实时显示测量参数数值。该系统具有较强的人机交互功能,可以提升监管部门获得污染信息的速度,助力水质监管。

基于排水管网监测的污水系统问题识别及提质增效策略

基于污水系统在线监测手段,利用水量平衡及污染物化学质量平衡模型,对污水系统问题进行定量、定位分析,准确识别出区域问题,并结合计算结果,可更合理的、更有针对性的安排整治工程类型及时序,有效节省投资,缩短工程周期,提升工程效果。以某片区污水系统为例,通过问题识别,量化问题点位分析,提出分三个阶段实施整治工程,污水处理厂进水BOD_(5)浓度分别可达到80.42、90.77、95.52mg/L,满足提质增效的目标要求的同时综合提升了方案费效比。

都市型水库水质保障工程对防洪调度的影响分析

目前众多水库已融入都市中,随之带来了更加复杂的库周环境,在赋予都市型水库更丰富的功能定位时也不能忽视水库自身的供水、防洪安全。为此,以都市型水库进程最具代表性的深圳市铁岗水库为例,通过综合分析研究区“降雨—洪水—库容—防洪”系统,构建“隔离-耦合”协调级模型,计算并比较分析水质保障工程实施前后铁岗水库的洪水调节成果。结果表明,水质保障工程的实施对水库大坝而言,可降低水库的设计、校核洪水位;对下游防洪保护对象而言,可减少水库的下泄流量并滞后洪水下泄的时间;水质保障工程从水环境、水资源、水安全角度均有益处,可为其他类似工程提供借鉴。

流域水环境污染应急监测与防治技术研究

为在突发性流域水环境污染事故发生时可第一时间对污染进行监测与防治,提出流域水环境污染应急监测与防治技术。首先构建水环境污染物扩散模型,明确污染物在水环境中的扩散特性,然后根据事故前期、中期与恢复期不同特性确定应急监测布点模式,并利用LIBS监测水环境污染物的种类与浓度信息。最后设计一款生物强化型一体化设备,以降低污水中污染物浓度达到水环境污染防治的目的。实验数据显示:应用所提技术的水环境污染物浓度监测结果与实际一致,且污染物浓度下降幅度可达到98%,充分证实了提出技术应用性能更佳。

化学平衡在地下水监测质量控制中的应用

利用阴阳离子平衡,溶解性总固体与离子总量化学平衡,钙、镁等金属与总硬度化学平衡等质量控制手段,建立了水化学平衡在地下水监测分析的质量控制方法。结果表明,丰、枯水期样品质量控制合格率分别为79.2%和91.7%,样品质量控制合格率提高了12.5%。该方法可用于地下水监测的质量控制工作,提高了数据的可靠性和准确性,使质量监测数据得到有效控制。