Characteristics of groundwater and urban emergency water sources optimazation in Luoyang,China

The construction of emergency water sources is the material basis for ensuring urban water safety,and it is also an inherent requirement for maintaining social stability and development.The hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater in Luoyang City from the aspects of the division of groundwater aquifer groups,water yield property and groundwater dynamics were described in this paper.Two emergency water sources were selected on basis of comprehensively considering groundwater resources and ecological environmental effects,groundwater quality and exploitation technology,etc.Then it further analysed the aquifer types,water yield properties and groundwater recharge,runoff and discharge conditions of the two emergency water sources,and evaluate the groundwater resources quantity of the water sources.The results are that the shallow underground aquifer in Luoyang City is thick,coarse,and stable in lithology and thickness.The two water sources enjoy good exploitation potential and can be used as backup water sources to supply water in the event of a water source crisis.

Water Quality Evaluation and Analysis on the Causes of Pollution for Groundwater Sources in Yantai, China

Based on the investigation for the 14 groundwater sources, the water quality of the groundwater sources had been analyzed, using the evaluation method of the combination of inorganic and organic index instead of the traditional method which was only based on inorganic index. The results showed that the quality of 12 groundwater sources satisfied class III standard of groundwater quality and other two exceeded class III standard. There were one groundwater source, whose water quality reached class 1 standard, and five groundwater sources, whose water quality reached class II standard. There were seven groundwater sources, in which the fluorine, an organic pollutant, was detected. The results showed that the groundwater resources in Yantai City were less polluted and the main pollutant in groundwater was nitrate. According to the analytical data and the environmental conditions of groundwater sources, the conclusion was drawn that the agriculture and rural non-point pollution were the main reasons of groundwater pollution.

An attribute recognition model based on entropy weight for evaluating the quality of groundwater sources

In our study, entropy weight coefficients, based on Shannon entropy, were determined for an attribute recognition model to model the quality of groundwater sources. The model follows the theory previously proposed by Chen Q S. In the model, firstly, the author establishes the attribute space matrix and determines the weight based on Shannon entropy theory; secondly, calculates attribute measure; thirdly, evaluates that with confidence criterion and score criterion; finally, an application example is given. The results show that the water quality of the groundwater sources for the city comes up to the grade II or III standard. There is no pollution that obviously exceeds the standard and the water can meet people’s needs .The results from an evaluation of this model are in basic agreement with the observed situation and with a set pair analysis (SPA) model.

Exploitation of groundwater resources and protection of wetland in the Yuqia Basin

In Yuqia Basin, the climate is arid and the ecologic environment is fragile, and shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the sustainable development of local economy. In order to meet the needs of industrial and domestic water in the Yuqia Basin, numerical simulation was used to evaluate the groundwater resources and potential for exploitation. The results showed that the mathematical model and calculation parameters used were mainly in accordance with practical situation. The calculated value of the underground water level is consistent with measured value during the period of identification and validation. The total recharge of groundwater resources was 22.02×10~4 m^3/d, and the total drainage was 21.95×10~4 m^3/d at present. The Yuqia River leakage is the main supply source of groundwater. There is no significant effect on area of wetland when water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d at alluvial-diluvial fan of Yuqia River. After long-term exploitation, the spring flow reduces from 1.42×10~4 m^3/d to 1.01×10~4 m^3/d and wetland area reduces by 32.7% of original area. The calculation of water balance shows that it is safe to the Yuqia Basin, Da Qiadam Lake, the Mahai Basin at downstream of Yuqia River and wetland under the condition of water source place exploited by 2.5×10~4 m^3/d.

Analysis of travel time, sources of water and well protection zones with groundwater models

This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980 s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990 s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community.

Technology of Geoelectrics for Searching of Groundwater

If you drill a hole into the ground,in most places its bottom fills with water after a few days.The water appears even if no rain falls and no streams flow nearby.The water that seeps into the hole is part of the vast reservoir of subterranean ground water that saturates the Earth’s crust in a zone between a few meters and a few kilometers below the surface. Ground water is exploited by digging wells and pumping the water to the surface.It provides drinking water for more than half of the population of North America and is a major source of water for

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Northern Bamenda (Cameroon)

Safe and reliable drinking water availability constitutes a nightmare in many towns of developing countries and is usually appreciated from its physical appearance without prior knowledge of its chemical and biological properties. This study investigates the suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigational purposes through physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses in the Northern part of Bamenda Town (Cameroon). Thus, 20 groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and spring sources in September 2018 (rainy season) and February 2019 (dry season) and physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics were determined. The results revealed that pH ranged from 5.5 to 6.6, thus enabling the classification of the water as slightly acidic. Electrical conductivity varied between 0.01 - 0.06 μS/cm. The relative abundance of ions was such that Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Na+ for cations and HCO-3 > Cl- > NO-3 > SO-4 for anions. The water types were Ca-Mg-NO3 in both dry and rainy seasons. The results revealed that the mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry are rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation. Indicator bacteria such as E. coli, Shigella, Enterobacteria, Vibrio, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were detected in the studied groundwater samples, thus the water sources may pose a threat to public health.

Sharp Expansion of Intensive Groundwater Irrigation,Semi-Arid Environment at the Northern Bekaa Valley Lebanon

This research focuses on the sharp expansion of groundwater irrigation in the Northern Beqaa, using Landsat satellite images and other auxiliary GIS relevant data sources. Topographic maps were used to assess the location and size of the irrigated area in the early 1960s as the initial years of agriculture expansion analysis. The first available Landsat image of the area was of the year 1972 followed with a series of accessible Landsat images until 2009. In the 1960s, agricultural practices were only limited to areas of surface water resources and open channels next to urban settlements. In the Early 1980s, farmers discovered the agricultural potential of the area. Only 3% of the area was cultivated before the 1970s. The cultivated area reached about the 20% in late 1990s. Weather conditions, shallowness of groundwater tables, low fuel costs and market opportunities have led to an agricultural boom in the area considered as prone to desertification and of low productivity by national authorities. The area is however poorly understood from its hydro geological characteristics and exposed to intensive and unsustainable use of its natural resources.

Establishment of water source discrimination model in coal mine by using hydrogeochemistry and statistical analysis： a case study from Renlou Coal Mine in northern Anhui Province, China

The demand for energy consumption promotes to find more coal in deep underground up to 1 000 m and brings more serious situation of water disaster. As one of the major methods for water disaster control, hydrogeochemistry attracts a series of studies related to water source discrimination. In this paper, a simple method for constructing the water source discrimination model based on major ions and multivariate statistical analysis was reported using the following procedures： （1） collection of data and interpretation, （2） analysis of controlling factors based on the chemical composition of groundwater, （3） ＂pure＂ sample chosen, and （4） discrimination model establishment. After the processes, two functions and a diagram were established for three aquifers （the Quaternary, Coal bearing, and Taiyuan Fm.） from the Renlou Coal Mine in northern Anhui Province, China. The method can be applied in almost all coal mines and can be used for evaluating the contribution ratios if the water is collected from a mixing source.

人工湿地技术对水源地雨水径流污染阻控的应用研究

设置了不同基质(砾石、加气混凝土)及是否种植美人蕉的不同人工湿地结构,通过小试实验对比各个工况对雨水径流污染的阻控效果.研究发现,加气混凝土与种植美人蕉的人工湿地组合成本略高(4.20元/工况),较其余工况高出1.00~2.90元/工况,但在运行的两个周期(交替运行30 h,落干48 h)内,NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN、PO_(4)^(3-)、TP和COD_(Cr)的平均去除率分别为73.3%、47.0%、85.4%、56.4%、76.0%和65.5%,平均高出其余工况10.9%~18.8%,效果最优,性价比最高,适于推广应用.

2019-2020年福建水体总放射性监测

2019—2020年在福建省设置河流、湖泊(水库)、饮用水源地水、地下水监测点位,定量分析水中总α、总β放射性活度浓度。试验表明:河流总α、总β放射性活度浓度测定值分别为0.004 Bq/L~0.130 Bq/L、0.056 Bq/L~0.840 Bq/L,湖泊(水库)测定值分别为0.005 Bq/L~0.057 Bq/L、0.066 Bq/L~0.170 Bq/L,饮用水源地水测定值分别为0.001 Bq/L~0.103 Bq/L、0.039 Bq/L~0.243 Bq/L,地下水测定值分别为0.012 Bq/L~0.110 Bq/L、0.046 Bq/L~1.10 Bq/L。说明2019—2020年福建地区地表水、地下水总α、总β放射性变化稳定,未出现异常,饮用水源地水放射性水平符合国家标准。

京杭大运河全线贯通补水对地下水回补的影响

基于2022—2023年京杭大运河(小运河、卫运河、南运河、北运河、通惠河)全线贯通补水期间沿线419眼浅井和173眼深井地下水位监测数据,分析实施生态补水后河道的入渗水量以及河道沿线和灌溉水源置换区的地下水位变化。结果表明:相较小运河、北运河和通惠河等衬砌河道,卫运河和南运河渗透性较好,地下水回补效果更为显著;贯通补水后大运河河道周边0~10 km范围内浅层地下水位较去年同期回升0.48 m,3—5月春灌期取水过程中大运河沿线地下水位下降幅度减少了0.19 m,表明生态补水对地下水位恢复具有积极作用;河道周边地下水位对生态补水过程的响应有滞后,表现为距离河道越近,水位下降幅度越小;水源置换能够有效缓解因灌溉取水导致的水位下降,卫运河和南运河段农灌受水区深、浅层地下水位较去年同期分别回升3.17 m和0.27 m。重点对入渗性强、灌溉需水量高的河段持续实施生态补水,保证河道水量,能够更为有效地促进地下水水位回升。

黄河源区典型泥炭湿地地下水水位时空变化及流量过程

以黄河源区若尔盖盆地黑河上游的一个典型泥炭湿地小流域为研究对象,采用2018—2022年的地下水水位监测数据、气象数据和无人机航测地形数据,统计分析了泥炭湿地小流域内地下水水位时空变化,并推算了小流域沟道出口的断面水深与流量过程。结果表明:降水是泥炭湿地小流域地下水水位变化的主导因素,地下水水位与降水量变化趋势一致,且随降水与蒸散发之比的增大而上升;小流域中游地下水水位比上游波动更剧烈,且上游地下水水位均值高于中游,沟道中部泥炭湿地的蓄水能力在减退。根据水力学方法和地下水水位监测数据得到了泥炭湿地小流域的沟道断面水深-流量经验关系公式,可用于计算日流量过程线。

不同土地利用类型下地表水和地下水的水化学特征及离子来源

为了探究土地利用方式对天津市地表水和地下水水化学特征的影响,运用水化学分析方法,测定天津市主要河流水和附近地下水的水化学成分,分析其空间特征.结果表明:①研究区地表水的主要水化学类型为Na·Mg-Cl·HCO_(3),地下水的主要水化学类型为Na·Ca-HCO_(3);②耕地类型下水中NO_(3)^(-)质量浓度高,部分耕地和草地类型下水中K^(+)质量浓度高,城乡居民工矿用地类型下水中Na^(+)和Cl^(-)质量浓度高;③地表水和地下水中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(-)主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化溶解,部分SO_(4)^(2-)来源于蒸发盐岩的溶解,Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和NO_(3)^(-)质量浓度主要受到人类活动的影响.

浙南仙居盆地水化学特征及成因分析

仙居盆地是浙南诸河流域主要盆地和社会经济活动区域。为揭示盆地内地表水和地下水的水化学特征,综合利用数理统计、Piper三线图、主成分分析和离子比等方法对盆地内地表水及浅层地下水进行水化学统计分析及成因判别。结果表明,仙居盆地水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Na型,阳离子以Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)为主,阴离子HCO_(3)^(-)为主。NO_(3)^(-)、Cl^(-)变异系数较大;地下水溶解性总固体为45.50~288.00 mg·L^(-1),地表水为20.10~95.80 mg·L^(-1)。盆地内水化学特征主要受岩石风化及人类活动影响,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)主要来源于硅酸盐岩溶解,其次为碳酸盐岩;K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)主要来源硅酸盐岩溶解,部分来自于人类活动输入;NO_(3)^(-)则主要来源于人类活动,其中地表水质量主要受工矿业的影响,地下水质量受工矿活动及农业、生活污水等多种因素影响。研究成果可为区域水资源合理开发利用及保护提供依据。

东江和韩江流域地下水化学特征及成因机制

地下水作为东江和韩江流域工农业生产和生活用水的重要来源,是推动该区社会和经济高质量发展及维护生态环境系统稳定的重要基石。文章为研究东江和韩江流域地下水化学特征及成因机制,于2020年10-11月采集浅层地下水样品114组,采用数理统计、Piper图、Gibbs图、离子比值系数、Pearson相关分析、因子分析和模糊综合评价等方法,分析东江和韩江流域浅层地下水化学基本特征、水化学类型、离子来源、控制因素及水质状况。结果表明,研究区地下水以淡软水为主,呈弱酸性,阳离子和阴离子以Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(-)为主,地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)^(-)Na·Ca和HCO_(3)·Cl-Na·Ca型为主,韩江流域SO42-型水比例高于东江流域;地下水离子主要来源于碳酸盐岩、硅酸盐岩和盐岩的溶解,部分来源于工矿业等人类活动;地下水组分受控于岩石溶解、阳离子交替吸附作用和人类活动等因素,岩石溶解作用贡献率最大,但人类活动影响明显,其中韩江流域的工矿业、农业等人类活动强度均大于东江流域;地下水质整体较差,东江流域好于韩江流域,超标因子主要为pH、I-、NO_(3)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)、As、Pb^(2+)等指标。研究结果可为东江和韩江流域地下水资源可持续利用、生态环境保护及区域经济高质量发展提供科学依据。

基于水质状况指数的城市地下水水源地水质安全评价

水源地水质评价是水源地水资源保护工作的基础。为科学评价地下水水源地水质状况,本文运用水质状况指数法,对城市地下水水源地水质安全状况进行分析,从一般污染物和有毒污染物两方面对地下水水源地进行水质评价,结果表明所评价水源地水质安全状况较好,满足城市供水要求。

河池市金城江区城西岩溶水源地砷污染来源及途径

为研究岩溶水源地污染物来源和运移途径,以河池市金城江区城西水厂岩溶水源地为研究区,依据水文地质学分析方法,开展城西水厂砷异常原因调查,利用示踪试验和取样检测等手段,查明砷污染源处于城西水厂水源地准保护区范围外,为三境村砒霜厂旧址及其东面岩溶洼地,并评估出砷污染土层方量为55742.5 m^(3),其污染途径长12.25 km,主要通过岩溶管道,经欧洞地下河污染城西水厂,这进而证实欧洞地下河的另一水源方向。建议调整城西水厂水源地准保护区南部边界,以地下水分水岭为界,并适当增设水质长期监测点,以实施污染源风险管控。

丹江口水库水源区地下水环境调查与评价

丹江口库区是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区,为了持续抓好输水沿线区和受水区的污染防治和生态环境保护工作,运用综合评价分析方法,对水源区的地下水环境进行调查和采样分析。结果表明:①丹江口水库水源区共有20个潜在污染源,其中生活垃圾场共12个,尾矿库共4个,闭坑矿洞废水4个。②126组地下水样品中,Ⅲ类水占比最高,为30%,其次为Ⅱ类水和Ⅳ类水,均占比24.5%,Ⅴ类水占比19%,Ⅰ类水占比最低,仅为2%;重度污染的Ⅴ类水有24组,主要分布在郧阳区和竹山县,郧阳区主要超标指标为硝酸盐、铝等,竹山县主要超标元素为锌;中度污染的Ⅳ类水有31组,主要分布在房县和丹江口市,房县主要超标元素为铁,丹江口市主要超标指标为硝酸盐。③地下水中超标率较高的指标为铁(18.0%)、硝酸盐(12.5%)、铝(11.7%)和锌(10.9%)。研究结果可为该区域生态环境保护提供基础支撑。