The properties of the carbonated brick made of steel slag-slaked lime mixture such as strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and soundness were mainly investigated. The experimental results indicate that, after ...The properties of the carbonated brick made of steel slag-slaked lime mixture such as strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and soundness were mainly investigated. The experimental results indicate that, after carbonation, the strength of the brick increases, its drying shrinkage reduces, and its soundness becomes eligible. The optimal slaked lime/steel slag（SL/SS） ratio for the carbonated brick is 0.2 and the asprepared brick meets the requirements of the Chinese standard for MU20-grade building bricks, additionally, it also demonstrates prominent environmental benefits. The XRD and pore structure analyses indicate that the excellent properties of this carbonated brick are attributed to the formation of carbonate crystals and the dense structure due to the carbonation.展开更多
The manufacture of clean steel needs high performance carbon-free bricks for ladle lining.Based on long term application experiences of the prefab Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO blocks,unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO brick has been develope...The manufacture of clean steel needs high performance carbon-free bricks for ladle lining.Based on long term application experiences of the prefab Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO blocks,unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO brick has been developed by pressing a mix of alumina,spinel and magnesia as major raw materials and Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO gel powder as binder.In addition to low open porosity and high strength,the unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO brick shows superior corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance to the prefab block.Field trials in a 300t steel ladle have indicated the residual lining of unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO bricks showed smooth surface without large spalling and seldom steel infiltration,consequently longer service life than the prefab blocks.The reliable,unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO bricks have more advantages of high efficiency,energy-saving and eco-friendly production.It will be one of the best options for ladle lining in the manufacture of high-purity steel.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of bauxite based bricks for steel ladle li...1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of bauxite based bricks for steel ladle linings.展开更多
Operating condition and service results of several tested bricks in slagline area of the VOD vessel are described. It has been shown that the fully co-clinkered magnesite chrome brick is superior, followed by two-stag...Operating condition and service results of several tested bricks in slagline area of the VOD vessel are described. It has been shown that the fully co-clinkered magnesite chrome brick is superior, followed by two-stage calcined magnesite-dolomite brick , prereacted magnesite-chrome brick and one-stage calcined magnesite-dolomite brick. Chemical and petrological examination were carried out by conventional analysis and optical microscope respectively. The reason of damage of the tested bricks are discussed and described as follows : (1) MgO in brick is erased and dissolved by slag to destroy structure of the direct bond ; (2) slag penetrating into the brick and then reacting with it to form various belts leading to spatting ; (3 ) reducing action of reducing agents ; (4) vaporization of some composition in the brick at high temperature under vacuum causes reducing weight and increasing porosity and (5 ) serious ma-chanic abrasion. Therefore, some opinions on increasing lining life of VOD vessels are suggested.展开更多
In establishing a plant or factory, the cost-benefit analysis is needed to determine the viability for such financial investment on the project. In this paper, the cost establishing a factory of 200,000 bricks per ann...In establishing a plant or factory, the cost-benefit analysis is needed to determine the viability for such financial investment on the project. In this paper, the cost establishing a factory of 200,000 bricks per annum capacity, for the production of high quality refractory bricks from locally available raw materials in Nigeria was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted on the virgin refractory material (100%) as well as with varied percentages (10% - 40%) of alumina additions. The result of cost benefit analysis indicated that, the project was viable, with the highest cost at N1,203.66 per brick as against N1,800 (at 3 years projections) of the imported brick. The payback period for the capital investment was very short (within two years). The findings will aid investors in decision makings.展开更多
This paper discusses the performance of a proposed panelized brick veneer over steel stud backup wall system and seismic isolation connections under lateral loads. The panelized wall system was developed to address so...This paper discusses the performance of a proposed panelized brick veneer over steel stud backup wall system and seismic isolation connections under lateral loads. The panelized wall system was developed to address some shortcomings of the conventional brick veneer wall type. The details of the system are briefly introduced. The study evaluated the performance of the system under out-of-plane simulated wind loads and in-plane cyclic loads using full-scale laboratory experiments. The test setup, test specimen, test procedure, and test results are presented and the performance of the system is evaluated accordingly.展开更多
基金Funded by the"Eleventh Five-year Plan"for Sci&Tech Research of China(NO.2006BAF02A24)
文摘The properties of the carbonated brick made of steel slag-slaked lime mixture such as strength, drying shrinkage, water absorption and soundness were mainly investigated. The experimental results indicate that, after carbonation, the strength of the brick increases, its drying shrinkage reduces, and its soundness becomes eligible. The optimal slaked lime/steel slag（SL/SS） ratio for the carbonated brick is 0.2 and the asprepared brick meets the requirements of the Chinese standard for MU20-grade building bricks, additionally, it also demonstrates prominent environmental benefits. The XRD and pore structure analyses indicate that the excellent properties of this carbonated brick are attributed to the formation of carbonate crystals and the dense structure due to the carbonation.
文摘The manufacture of clean steel needs high performance carbon-free bricks for ladle lining.Based on long term application experiences of the prefab Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO blocks,unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO brick has been developed by pressing a mix of alumina,spinel and magnesia as major raw materials and Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO gel powder as binder.In addition to low open porosity and high strength,the unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO brick shows superior corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance to the prefab block.Field trials in a 300t steel ladle have indicated the residual lining of unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO bricks showed smooth surface without large spalling and seldom steel infiltration,consequently longer service life than the prefab blocks.The reliable,unburnt Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO bricks have more advantages of high efficiency,energy-saving and eco-friendly production.It will be one of the best options for ladle lining in the manufacture of high-purity steel.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of bauxite based bricks for steel ladle linings.
文摘Operating condition and service results of several tested bricks in slagline area of the VOD vessel are described. It has been shown that the fully co-clinkered magnesite chrome brick is superior, followed by two-stage calcined magnesite-dolomite brick , prereacted magnesite-chrome brick and one-stage calcined magnesite-dolomite brick. Chemical and petrological examination were carried out by conventional analysis and optical microscope respectively. The reason of damage of the tested bricks are discussed and described as follows : (1) MgO in brick is erased and dissolved by slag to destroy structure of the direct bond ; (2) slag penetrating into the brick and then reacting with it to form various belts leading to spatting ; (3 ) reducing action of reducing agents ; (4) vaporization of some composition in the brick at high temperature under vacuum causes reducing weight and increasing porosity and (5 ) serious ma-chanic abrasion. Therefore, some opinions on increasing lining life of VOD vessels are suggested.
文摘In establishing a plant or factory, the cost-benefit analysis is needed to determine the viability for such financial investment on the project. In this paper, the cost establishing a factory of 200,000 bricks per annum capacity, for the production of high quality refractory bricks from locally available raw materials in Nigeria was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted on the virgin refractory material (100%) as well as with varied percentages (10% - 40%) of alumina additions. The result of cost benefit analysis indicated that, the project was viable, with the highest cost at N1,203.66 per brick as against N1,800 (at 3 years projections) of the imported brick. The payback period for the capital investment was very short (within two years). The findings will aid investors in decision makings.
文摘This paper discusses the performance of a proposed panelized brick veneer over steel stud backup wall system and seismic isolation connections under lateral loads. The panelized wall system was developed to address some shortcomings of the conventional brick veneer wall type. The details of the system are briefly introduced. The study evaluated the performance of the system under out-of-plane simulated wind loads and in-plane cyclic loads using full-scale laboratory experiments. The test setup, test specimen, test procedure, and test results are presented and the performance of the system is evaluated accordingly.
