The Propulsive Force of the Water-jet to the Flying Weft in Water-jet Looms

In order to study the propulsive force on the water-jet to the flying weft in water-jet looms, a dynamic model has been established. Based on the analysis and example testing, an experiential formula of the propulsive force of the water-jet to the flying weft is obtained for the first time. The formula will profit the further research of the water-jet weft insertion and the production of textile.

Endoscopic transluminal pancreatic necrosectomy using a self-expanding metal stent and high-flow water-jet system

Walled-off pancreatic necrosis and a pancreatic abscess are the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Surgery in such critically ill patients is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality within the first few weeks after the onset of symptoms. Minimal invasive approaches with high success and low mortality rates are therefore of considerable interest. Endoscopic therapy has the potential to offer safe and effective alternative treatment. We report here on 3 consecutive patients with infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis and 1 patient with a pancreatic abscess who underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy 19-21 d after the onset of acute pancreatitis. The infected pancreatic necrosis or abscess was punctured transluminally with a cystostome and, after balloon dilatation, a non-covered self-expanding biliary metal stent was placed into the necrotic cavity. Following stent deployment, a nasobiliary pigtail catheter was placed into the cavity to ensure continuous irrigation. After 5-7 d, the metal stent was removed endoscopically and the necrotic cavity was entered with a therapeutic gastroscope. Endoscopic debridement was performed via the simultaneous application of a high-flow water-jet system; using a flush knife, a Dormia basket, and hot biopsy forceps. The transluminal endotherapy was repeated 2-5 times daily during the next 10 d. Supportive care included parenteral antibiotics and jejunal feeding. All patients improved dramatically and with resolution of their septic conditions; 3 patients were completely cured without any further complications or the need for surgery. One patient died from a complication of prolonged ventilation severe bilateral pneumonia, not related to the endoscopic procedure. No procedure related complications were observed. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy with temporary application of a self-expanding metal stent and a high-flow water-jet system shows promise for enhancing the potential of this endoscopic approach in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis and/or a pancreatic abscess.

Formation Control for Water-Jet USV Based on Bio-Inspired Method

The formation control problem for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) is addressed by a distributed strategy based on virtual leader strategy. The control system takes account of disturbance induced by external environment. With the coordinate transformation, the advantage of the proposed scheme is that the control point can be any point of the ship instead of the center of gravity. By introducing bio-inspired model, the formation control problem is addressed with backstepping method. This avoids complicated computation, simplifies the control law,and smoothes the input signals. The system uniform ultimate boundness is proven by Lyapunov stability theory with Young inequality. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and robust of the proposed controller.

Trans-umbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy with a water-jet hybrid-knife:A pilot animal study

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and safety of Natural orifice trans-umbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy with a water-jet hybrid-knife in a non-survival porcine model.METHODS:Pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) cholecystectomy was performed on three non-survival pigs,by transumbilical approach,using a water-jet hybrid-knife. Under general anesthesia,the following steps detailed the procedure:(1) incision of the umbilicus followed by the passage of a double-channel flexible endsocope through an overtube into the peritoneal cavity;(2) establishment of pneumoperitoneum;(3) abdominal exploration;(4)endoscopic cholecystectomy:dissection of the gallbladder performed using water jet equipment,ligation of the cystic artery and duct conducted using nylon loops;and(5) necropsy with macroscopic evaluation.RESULTS:Transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully completed in the first and third pig,with minor bleedings. The dissection times were 137and 42 min,respectively. The total operation times were 167 and 69 min,respectively. And the lengths of resected specimen were 6.5 and 6.1 cm,respectively.Instillation of the fluid into the gallbladder bed produced edematous,distended tissue making separation safe and easy. Reliable ligation using double nylon loops insured the safety of cutting between the loops.There were no intraoperative complications or hemodynamic instability. Uncontrolled introperative bleeding occurred in the second case,leading to the operation failure.CONCLUSION:Pure NOTES trans-umbilical cholecystectomy with a water-jet hybrid-knife appears to be feasible and safe. Further investigation of this technique with long-term follow-up in animals is needed to confirm the preliminary observation.

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic wedge hepatic resection with a water-jet hybrid knife in a non-survival porcine model

AIM: To explore the feasibility of a water-jet hybrid knife to facilitate wedge hepatic resection using a natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) approach in a non-survival porcine model. METHODS: The Erbe Jet2 water-jet system allows a needleless, tissue-selective hydro-dissection with a pre-selected pressure. Using this system, wedge hepatic resection was performed through three natural routes (trans-anal, trans-vaginal and trans-umbilical) in three female pigs weighing 35 kg under general anesthesia. Entry into the peritoneal cavity was via a 15-mm incision using a hook knife. The targeted liver segment was marked by an APC probe, followed by wedge hepatic resection performed using a water-jet hybrid knife with the aid of a 4-mm transparent distance soft cap mounted onto the tip of the endoscope for holding up the desired plane. The exposed vascular and ductal structures were clipped with Endoclips. Hemostasis was applied to the bleeding cut edges of the liver parenchyma by electrocautery. After the procedure, the incision site was left open, and the animal was euthanized followed by necropsy. RESULTS: Using the Erbe Jet2 water-jet system, trans-anal and trans-vaginal wedge hepatic resection was successfully performed in two pigs without laparoscopic assistance. Trans-umbilical attempt failed due to an unstable operating platform. The incision for peritoneal entry took 1 min, and about 2 h was spent on excision of the liver tissue. The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 100 to 250 mL. Microscopically, the hydro-dissections were relatively precise and gentle, preserving most vessels. CONCLUSION: The Erbe Jet2 water-jet system can safely accomplish non-anatomic wedge hepatic resection in NOTES, which deserves further studies to shorten the dissection time.

Water-Jet Cavitation Shock Bulging as Novel Microforming Technique

With the continuous expansion of the application range of microelectromechanical systems,microdevice forming technology has achieved remarkable results.However,it is challenging to develop new microforming processes that are low cost,environmentally friendly,and highly flexible;the high-energy shock wave in a cavitation bubble's collapse process is used as the loading force.Herein,a new process for the microbulging of the water-jet cavitation is proposed.A series of experiments involving the water-jet cavitation shock microbulging process for TA2 titanium foil is performed on an experimental system.The microforming feasibility of the water-jet cavitation is investigated by characterizing the shape of the formed part.Subsequently,the effects of the main parameters of the water-jet cavitation on the bulging profile,forming depth,surface roughness,and bulging thickness distribution of TA2 titanium foil are revealed.The results show that the plastic deformation increases nonlinearly with the incident pressure.When the incident pressure is 20 MPa,the maximum deformation exceeds 240 pm,and the thickness thinning ratio changes within 10%.The microbulging feasibility of water-jet cavitation is verified by this phenomenon.

Influence of long and short guide vanes on hydraulic performance of water-jet pump

Different guide vane structures will affect the flow inside the pump,and then affect the transformation of the pressure energy and kinetic energy,and change the velocity distribution of the pump outlet.In order to study the influence of long and short guide vanes on the water-jet pump,on the basis of conventional design,eight schemes of guide vane with different vertical heights were designed in the method of computational fluid dynamics for numerical calculation,the performance curve of water-jet pumps with different long and short guide vanes was obtained,and finally the influence of different guide vanes on hydraulic performance and internal flow was analyzed.The results show that all of schemes reducing the height of blade can improve the head and efficiency.In the schemes reducing the height on the shroud,the guide vanes that the height of the blade is equal to the height difference between hub and shroud in impeller have the highest head and efficiency.In all schemes decreasing the blade height,with the increase of the height difference,the velocity increases gradually and the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy becomes more reasonable in the guide vane outlet.The schemes reducing the height on the hub have more reasonable distribution of velocity and turbulence kinetic energy according to schemes reducing the height on the shroud.The guide vanes of long and short blades can be used to stagger the position of the diffusion flow generated by adjacent blades,which can reduce the effect of the velocity circulation and make the flow of the outlet position more stable.

Prediction and Analysis of Surface Quality of Northeast China Ash Wood during Water-Jet Assisted CO_(2) Laser Cutting

As a natural and environmentally friendly renewable material,Northeast China ash wood(NCAW)(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)was cut by water-jet assisted CO_(2) laser(WACL),the surface quality was evaluated by surface roughness of cut section.The surface roughness was measured by three-dimensional(3D)profilometry.Furthermore,the micromorphology of machined surface was observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).Carbon content changes of machined surface were measured by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).A relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters was established using response surface methodology(RSM).It is concluded that the cutting speed,laser power and water pressure played an important role in surface roughness of cut section.The surface roughness increased as an increase in laser power.It decreased caused by increasing of cutting speed and water pressure.Measurements revealed that the surface quality of NCAW part was improved using the optimized combination of cutting parameters.The established quadratic mathematical model of a good prediction is helpful for matching suitable cutting parameters to obtain expected surface quality.

Study of Water Jet Impulse in Water-Jet Looms

The watar jet impulse is brought forward to study the traction force of the water jet to the flying weft in water-jet looms. The distribution of the water jet impulse in the shed is tested by a sensor, and the influence of water jet parameters on the water jet impulse is analyzed.

An experimental and numerical approach-characterisation of power cartridge for water-jet application

Power Cartridges are pyrotechnic devices where hot combustion gases utilized to do mechanical work for disruption of suspected Improvised Explosive Devices(IEDs). It plays a vital role either in destroying the suspicious object or making them non-functional by generating the gas pressure on burning of propellant against the water column inside the barrel, Present work is focused on characterisation,numerical solution such as deformation; strain; stress using FEM(Finite Element Method), design qualification, performance and evaluation of power cartridge for disruptor application. Experimental trials for pressure-time(P-t) measurement in closed vessel(CV), various electrical parameters like all fire current(AFC), no fire current(NFC) and ignition delay have been measured. Further, mechanical properties for brass material have been determined. An attempt has been made to characterise the power cartridge by FEM and carrying out the experiments for water-jet application.

Enrichment with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Does Not Enhance Water-Jet Fat Graft Survival in the Breast—A Prospective Comparative Study

Objective: Although research increasingly underlines the theoretical importance of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for successful fat transplantation, we could not prove this notion in cosmetic breast augmentation. Stem-cell-enriched breast fat transplantation did not yield better results than grafting based on the WAL (water-jet assisted liposuction) technique in terms of volume persistence. To overcome inter-individual variation, intra-individual comparison was performed. Material and Methods: Four women underwent breast augmentation utilizing WAL fat transplantation with and without ex-vivo ASC isolation performed with the Multistation System. All patients underwent two fat transplantations for breast augmentation. In the first procedure, the left breast was augmented with stem-cell-enriched fat grafts and the right with plain WAL fat grafts. In the second surgery, the lipofilling was performed the other way round to exclude intra-individual differences in fat cell persistence. Results: MRI volumetry revealed a mean volume survival of 56% of the whole (watery) graft in the breasts with WAL only and 56% in the breasts with WAL and stem cell enrichment. While centrifugation of the WAL grafts demonstrated an average adipose content of 68%, the average volume survival of the adipose tissue itself was 83% in the breasts augmented with WAL only and 83% in those with WAL with stem cell enrichment. Conclusion: Breast augmentation by means of lipofilling using WAL alone is faster and more inexpensive, carrying a lower risk of contamination and offering an equal take rate. We do not see any advantage in stem-cell-enrichment in cosmetic fat transplantation to the breast.

The kinematic Design of Beating-up Mechanism for Water-jet Loom Series Modified from Air-jet Loom

For Toyoda looms with air-jet weft insertion,the beat-ing-up mechanisms together with those of Tsudakomawater-jet looms are analyzed.Then by changing thecrank length of the four-bar-linkage for the air-jetlooms to get four specifications of reed travel correspond-ing to the series of Tsudakoma water-jet looms,it canbe proved by comparisons of displacements,velocities,accelerations and transmission pressure angles that thosetwo series of mechanisms have very similar kinematicproperties.So the possibility of developing a series of wa-ter-jet looms modified from Toyoda air-jet looms isproved.It is beneficial to save the machine cost andbroaden the machine types.

High Pressure Water-Jet Technology for the Surface Treatment of Al-Si Alloys and Repercussion on Tribological Properties

Recent developments in high pressure water-jet technology have brought the process to the forefront as a means of surface treatment. Water jet technology offers cleaning, cutting, processing as well as potential refinement of surface properties. By adapting the process parameters the surface characteristics can be changed while the profile remains the same. In the present study, water-jet technology was used for the surface treatment of Al-Si alloy to investigate its effect on tribological properties. Dry sliding wear behavior was investigated against AISI 52100 bearing steel ball using a reciprocating ball-on-flat configuration. Optical microscopy examination reveals that ploughing of grains, transgranular and intergranular propagation of cracks;are the mechanisms by which material is removed during water jet treatment. While, on the other hand, SEM observation of the wear track reveals that plastic deformation and delamination are the dominant wear mechanism during the wear process. Water jet treatment was compared to hot isostatic pressing in terms of its effects on wear resistance and surface porosity of Al-Si alloy. It was found that, hot isostatic pressing reduces the total amount of porosity at the expanse of hardness while water jet treatment produces a compressed surface having higher hardness and compressive residual stress, which ultimately increases wear resistance.

Improving superficial microstructure and properties of the laser-processed ultrathin kerf in Ti-6Al-4V alloy by water-jet guiding

In the present research,the gas-assisted laser(GAL)and water-jet guided laser(WGL)processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,and wear properties of the superficial layer were investigated.The results reveal that the GAL processing could machine the kerf with a high depth-to-width ratio of 12–15,but the increased processing times enhance the depth little.Due to the oxygen entrainment and relatively low heat and mass transferring efficiency,the assisted gas promotes the formation of a scaled recast layer containingβ-Ti phase and oxides,which increases the roughness to 20μm.The WGL processed kerf has a low depth-to-width ratio with a value of 1.9–2.5 and the depth could be increased by increasing the WGL processing times.With the assistance of the water jet,the remelted debris and heat could be eliminated immediately,which restrains the formation of the recast layer and heat-affected zone.The ultrathin oxide outer layer with hundreds of nanometers and ultrafineα-Ti grain inner layer are formed on the surface,which decreases the roughness to 12μm.Compared with the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy,the microhardness of GAL processed kerf surface is increased to 382.8 HV accompanied by residual tensile stress,while the microhardness of WGL processed kerf surface is increased to 481.6 HV accompanying with residual compressive stress.In addition,the GAL processing increases the wear rate at room temperature but decreases the wear rate at high temperatures.Comparatively,the WGL processing decreases the wear rate at room and high temperatures,simultaneously.Such wear behaviors could be ascribed to their different superficial microstructures and phase constituents.

含磨料脉冲射流破岩效果试验研究

为探究脉冲磨料水射流的破岩效果,选用五种不同强度的硬岩,开展了脉冲纯水/磨料水射流破岩试验,并以冲蚀孔尺寸为指标,将脉冲纯水/磨料水射流的破岩效果同连续纯水/磨料水射流进行了对比。结果表明:连续磨料水射流冲蚀岩体过程主要依赖磨料粒子的磨削作用,而脉冲磨料水射流则是连续的水锤效应和磨料粒子磨削作用的叠加;无磨料粒子时,连续水射流破岩主要依赖射流初期的单个水锤效应,而脉冲水射流则是多个连续的水锤压力持续冲击岩石,导致岩体表面出现破碎区。

喷水推进器进水流道格栅流固耦合特性研究

为了研究格栅部件对喷水推进船舶效率的影响,本文拟采用流固耦合的数值计算方法系统地对格栅表面受力及其强度特性进行计算,结合有限元方法和流固耦合理论,以STARCCM+和ABAQUS软件为工具,根据目前已知的格栅剖面设计方法,对目前格栅的剖面形式进行改进,形成新型对称剖面形式的格栅。基于上述计算流体力学与流固耦合计算方法对其进行周围流场、结构静力强度、结构动力强度进行计算与分析。结果表明:对称形式的格栅剖面对于降低格栅的变形与应力水平有一定的帮助,采用新型对称形式的剖面结构使格栅总体变形模式发生了变化,但是最大变形位置与最大应力出现在格栅的位置未发生明显变化,新型对称剖面形式格栅具有比较好的静强度与动强度特性,各栅条均匀承受流体载荷。

前混合水射流喷丸单丸粒冲击特性研究

单丸粒冲击特性是研究混合射流表面喷丸强度和覆盖率的基础指标,丸粒特性与靶材特性均会对冲击后的弹坑形态产生影响。以不同热处理后的18CrNiMo7-6低碳合金钢为靶材,研究了不同丸粒冲击条件下的弹坑特性。从弹坑形成机理出发,建立了单丸粒冲击弹坑尺寸模型,并通过试验研究,修正了高硬度靶材弹坑的误差,使弹坑深度预测误差降低到30%以下。在此基础上,研究了弹坑相关特征参数(深径比、坑深坑直径占比、脊高)的规律。结果表明,丸粒硬度和靶材硬度对深径比以及坑深直径占比影响最为显著,而弹坑周边的脊状结构只存在于低硬度靶材中。各参数对脊高的影响由大到小分别为丸粒直径、丸粒硬度和丸粒速度。

高压水射流辅助锥形PDC齿破碎花岗岩试验研究

深部地层岩石硬度高、研磨性强、可钻性差,地质条件复杂、施工难度大,高压水射流辅助钻井可有效延长钻头寿命,提高钻进效率。采用室内试验与理论分析相结合的方法,开展了高压水射流辅助锥形PDC齿破碎花岗岩试验,分析了高压水射流辅助锥形PDC齿和常规PDC齿破碎花岗岩特性,揭示了射流压力、喷射距离、喷嘴直径及喷射角度等因素对锥形PDC齿破岩效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:在高压水射流辅助破岩条件下,锥形PDC齿与常规PDC齿的破岩比能分别降低了17.36%与19.63%;射流压力越大,射流辅助锥形PDC齿破岩效果越好;在研究条件下,喷距范围为5~10 mm可使水射流辅助锥形PDC齿破岩效果最佳;当喷嘴直径为2 mm时,切削力离散系数最小;喷射角度为30°时,锥形PDC齿切削力与破岩比能达到最小值;喷射角度为20°时,切削力离散系数最小,切削力最稳定。研究结果可为适用于深部硬岩钻井的锥形PDC钻头水力结构设计与优化提供理论支撑。

从ITMA ASIA+CITME 2022看织造机械的技术进步

总结2022中国国际纺织机械展览会暨ITMA亚洲展览会上织造机械及织造准备的最新技术进展。织造机械的结构与性能不断优化,发展更加贴近市场需求。国产剑杆、喷气、喷水织机的制造水平发展迅速,提高了国产设备的核心竞争力。随着人工智能的爆发式增长,织造机械的数字化转型步伐加快,先进的信息技术和自动化工具的运用使织造机械呈现出个性化、智能化、绿色化发展新趋势。认为:近几年织造机械在高速化、自动化、绿色化方面进步显著。

地面井分层卸压的煤系气合采原理及方式探讨

为了进一步认识制约煤系气合采的因素,提高煤系合层排采各产层的产气贡献,分别从动力、通道和气源条件出发,分析了煤系气合采的必备因素。基于改变地应力状态提高储层导流能力以及分层改变储层流体压力,满足多层合采动力条件的原理,提出了地面井分层卸压的煤系气合采方式。该方式通过在地面进行定向钻井,在目标储层中进行高压水射流作业,人工创造卸压空间(缝、槽、穴等),改变地应力状态,降低有效应力伤害,增加储层导流通道的数量和开度,提高目标储层压降传递速率。待储层压力降至符合煤系气合采动力条件时进行合层排采,从而提高煤系合采各产气层的产气贡献。相较于常规增产改造措施,此方式能够减少煤系气储层在有效应力作用下的储层伤害,且有助于提高储层压降传递效率,增强煤系气的解吸和扩散,降低多层煤系气合采过程中的层间干扰。在以上研究基础上,认为地面井分层卸压的合采方式主要适用于储层地应力大、产层间距小的煤系气储层,且有望在薄互层煤系气储层增产改造及层间干扰严重的叠合共生煤系储层开发领域进行应用推广。