Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in p...Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in proteins can be classified as coherent(via dipolar spin diffusion)and incoherent(via chemical exchange and nuclear Overhauser effect)transfers.Solid-state NMR is the technique of choice for studying such water-protein interactions in membrane-bound proteins/peptides through the detection of'H polarization transfers from water to the proteins.These polarization transfer mechanisms often exist simultaneously and are difficult to quantify individually.Here,we review water-protein polarization transfer techniques in solid state NMR with a focus on the recent progress for the direct detection of site-specific kinetic water-protein chemical exchange processes on the sub-millisecond time scale in membrane-bound proteins.The measurements of the pure chemical exchange ki-netics provide a unique opportunity to understand the role that water plays in the structure-function relationships of membrane bound species at the water-bilayer interface.In addi-tion,the perspective of chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST)experiments in membrane-bound proteins/peptides is further discussed.展开更多
为探究大菱鲆养殖中因水温变化引起的蛋白需求变化问题,本研究以养殖的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为实验对象。在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中开展摄食、生长实验,探讨不同水温(15、18和21℃)下大菱鲆幼鱼((8.00±0.25) g...为探究大菱鲆养殖中因水温变化引起的蛋白需求变化问题,本研究以养殖的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为实验对象。在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中开展摄食、生长实验,探讨不同水温(15、18和21℃)下大菱鲆幼鱼((8.00±0.25) g)的蛋白质需求。研究显示,基于特定生长率(SGR)的折线回归分析表明,15、18和21℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼的最适蛋白需求量分别为饲料干物质的49.16%、50.07%和55.83%。15和18℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼的生长指标随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,饲料中蛋白水平为50%时生长指标达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时生长指标达到峰值。随着饲料中蛋白水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的表观消化率(ADC)、肠道胰蛋白酶活性(Try)和血浆总游离氨基酸含量(TAAs)也发生了显著变化。在15℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼ADC随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,18℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时ADC达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为50%时ADC达到峰值。在15℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼肠道Try随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,而在18和21℃水温下分别逐渐升高,至饲料中蛋白水平为50%和55%时肠道Try达到峰值。大菱鲆幼鱼TAAs在15和18℃水温下饲料蛋白水平为50%时达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时达到峰值。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质需求会随着养殖水温的升高而升高。展开更多
基金This work was supported by NIH Grants AI023007 and GM122698All NMR experiments were carried out at the National High Magnetic Field lab(NHMFL)supported by the NSF Cooperative Agreement DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.
文摘Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in proteins can be classified as coherent(via dipolar spin diffusion)and incoherent(via chemical exchange and nuclear Overhauser effect)transfers.Solid-state NMR is the technique of choice for studying such water-protein interactions in membrane-bound proteins/peptides through the detection of'H polarization transfers from water to the proteins.These polarization transfer mechanisms often exist simultaneously and are difficult to quantify individually.Here,we review water-protein polarization transfer techniques in solid state NMR with a focus on the recent progress for the direct detection of site-specific kinetic water-protein chemical exchange processes on the sub-millisecond time scale in membrane-bound proteins.The measurements of the pure chemical exchange ki-netics provide a unique opportunity to understand the role that water plays in the structure-function relationships of membrane bound species at the water-bilayer interface.In addi-tion,the perspective of chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST)experiments in membrane-bound proteins/peptides is further discussed.
文摘为探究大菱鲆养殖中因水温变化引起的蛋白需求变化问题,本研究以养殖的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为实验对象。在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中开展摄食、生长实验,探讨不同水温(15、18和21℃)下大菱鲆幼鱼((8.00±0.25) g)的蛋白质需求。研究显示,基于特定生长率(SGR)的折线回归分析表明,15、18和21℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼的最适蛋白需求量分别为饲料干物质的49.16%、50.07%和55.83%。15和18℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼的生长指标随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,饲料中蛋白水平为50%时生长指标达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时生长指标达到峰值。随着饲料中蛋白水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的表观消化率(ADC)、肠道胰蛋白酶活性(Try)和血浆总游离氨基酸含量(TAAs)也发生了显著变化。在15℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼ADC随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,18℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时ADC达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为50%时ADC达到峰值。在15℃水温下大菱鲆幼鱼肠道Try随饲料中蛋白水平的升高而升高,而在18和21℃水温下分别逐渐升高,至饲料中蛋白水平为50%和55%时肠道Try达到峰值。大菱鲆幼鱼TAAs在15和18℃水温下饲料蛋白水平为50%时达到峰值,21℃水温下饲料中蛋白水平为55%时达到峰值。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质需求会随着养殖水温的升高而升高。
