Efficacy and safety of active silicone oil removal through a 23-gauge transconjunctival cannula using an external vacuum pump

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of active removal of silicone oil with low and high viscosity through a 23-gauge transconjunctival cannula using an external vacuum pump.METHODS: This study was conducted as a prospective, interventional case series. A total of 22 eyes of 21 patients [1000 centistokes(c St): 17 eyes, 5700 c St:5 eyes] were included in this study. All patients underwent active silicone oil removal via the entire lumen of a 23-gauge microcannula with suction pressure of a650-700 mm Hg vacuum using an external vacuum pump. A tubing adaptor from the Total Plus Pak誖(Alcon,Fort Worth, USA) was used to join the microcannula and silicone vacuum tube connected to an external vacuum pump. Main outcome measures were mean removal time,changes of intraocular pressure(IOP) and visual acuity,and intraoperative and postoperative complications.RESULTS: Mean removal time(min) was 1.49±0.43 for1000 c St and 7. 12 ± 1. 27 for 5700 c St. The IOP was18.57±7.48 mm Hg at baseline, 11.68 ±4.55 mm Hg at day1 postoperatively(P <0.001), and 15.95±4.92, 16.82±3.81,17.41 ±3.50, and 17.09 ±3.01 mm Hg after one week, one month, three months, and six months, respectively. All patients showed improved or stabilized visual acuity.There was no occurrence of intraoperative or postoperative complications during the follow up period.CONCLUSION: This technique for active removal of silicone oil through a 23-gauge cannula using an external vacuum pump is fast, effective, and safe as well as economical for silicone oil with both low and high viscosity in all eyes with pseudophakia, aphakia, or phakia.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PRESSURE AND VACUUM CONTINUOUS CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON HYBRID PUMP

A novel pressure and vacuum continuous control system, which adopts a hybrid pump as pressure and vacuum source, is presented. The mathematical model of the system is developed. The theoretical simulation and analysis on the system are implemented in order to study the relationships among the characteristics, parameters and working points of the system. The experimental investigations on the system characteristics are presented with the adoption ofa fuzzy-PID controller. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the pressure and vacuum continuous control system based on hybrid pump has good dynamic and static performance, strong robustness and satisfactory adaptability to various system parameters. According to the results, system can successfully gain high accuracy and fast response signal. Also, the mathematical model of system is also testified by the experimental results.

Real-Time Observation of Instantaneous ac Stark Shift of a Vacuum Using a Zeptosecond Laser Pulse

Based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation,we propose a method to observe in real time the ac Stark shift of a vacuum driven by an ultra-intense laser field.By overlapping the ultra-intense pump pulse with another zeptosecond probe pulse whose photon energy is smaller than 2mc^(2),electron–positron pair creation can be controlled by tuning the time delay between the pump and probe pulses.Since the pair creation rate depends sensitively on the instantaneous vacuum potential,one can reconstruct the ac Stark shift of the vacuum potential according to the time-delay-dependent pair creation rate.

Design and Verification of an Auxiliary System for High Vacuum Die Casting

Vacuum die casting is the optimal method to produce high quality aluminum alloy components.At present,there are still very few systematic studies on vacuum die casting theory and equipment design.On the basis of the existing theories of the vacuum die casting pumping and venting systems,a simplified model is established in this research.The model has an aggregate unit consisted of ＂vacuum pump ＋ buffer tank＂ and a cylindrical container（including the shot sleeve,cavity and exhaust channel）.The theoretical analysis is carried out between the cavity pressure and the pumping time under different volume models.An auxiliary system for high vacuum die casting is designed based on the above analysis.This system is composed of a vacuum control machine and a new vacuum stop valve.The machine has a human-computer control mode with ＂programmable logic controller（PLC） ＋ touch screen＂ and a real-time monitoring function of vacuum degree for buffer tank and die cavity.The vacuum stop valve with the ＂compressed gas ＋ piston rod ＋ labyrinth groove＂ structure can realize the function of whole-process vacuum venting.The new system shows great advantages on vacuuming the cavity with a much faster speed by making tests on an existing die casting mold and a 250 t die casting machine.A die cavity pressure less than 10 kPa can be reached within 0.8 s in the experiment and the porosity of castings can be greatly decreased.The systematic studies on vacuum die casting theory and equipment have a great guiding significance for high vacuum die casting,and can also be applied to other high vacuum forming in related theoretical and practical research.

纸机真空系统节能探讨 兼谈芬兰兰泰克Ecopump变速透平机

通过与制浆造纸行业现有的水环泵和单/多级透平机两种真空系统进行比较,分析了芬兰Ecopump变速透平机真空系统技术及其节能优势所在。Ecopump变速透平机可为纸机真空系统节能30%~70%,同时具有投资回报快、安装维护快且简单等特点。

制浆造纸行业节能型真空系统——Ecopump节能透平机

通过与制浆造纸行业现有的液环泵和单／多级透平风机两种真空系统进行比较，介绍了芬兰Ecopump节能透平机真空系统技术及其优势所在。Ecopump节能透平机可为纸机真空系统节能30％-70％，同时具有投资回报快、安装维护快且简单等特点。

Thermal Analysis and Optimization for Cryopanel of NBI Cryocondensation Pump

Excellent vacuum performance ensures a high beam transmission efficiency of the neutral beam injector （NBI）. The vacuum performance is mainly determined by the cryoperformance of the cryopanel of the cryocondensation pumps which are the main vacuum pumps of NBI. In order to optimize the cryoperformance, the requirements for the temperature distribution and the heat load of the cryopanel are analysed and the factors that affect the cryopanel＇s temperature distribution are studied. The results indicate that the temperature difference of the cryopanel can be reduced by fabricating the cryopanel with high thermal conductivity material, increasing its thickness and cutting the distance between the two upward cooling pipes. The results may be applied to a cryopanel cooled by forced flow liquid helium.

High Vacuum Furnace for HIRFL-CSR

In order to satisfy the requirement of ultra-high vacuum and low out-gassing rate of materials which are used to make HIIRFL-CSR vacuum chambers, a high vacuum furnace for degassing the beam chambers, flanges, and the other vacuum components has been designed and manufactured by IMP and Vacuum Equipment Factory in Lanzhou.

基于TRIZ理论的一种提升罗茨真空泵基础压力的设计方法

以TRIZ理论为研究工具,采用因果分析方法得到了影响罗茨真空泵基础压力的根本原因和薄弱点,通过技术矛盾和技术系统进化法则解决方案模型的启示,进一步改进了罗茨真空泵的密封结构和转子型线,然后基于改进方案,对ZJP70型罗茨真空泵进行了优化。测试结果表明:在同等条件下,优化后的新型罗茨真空泵基础压力提升明显,同时最大零流量压缩比、整机漏率和噪声等核心指标也得到了显著改善。

Performance Improvement of Cryopumps at HIRFL

Cryopumps have large pumping speed and can pump many types of gases.As the main pump of the vacuum system in Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL),they are used to maintain the long-term operation of large vacuum systems such as Sector Focusing Cyclotron(SFC),Separates Sector Cyclotron(SSC),SSC-Linac[1,2].

新型大排量高压比离心真空机组研制

随着大型真空系统对真空抽吸设备抽吸效率的要求不断提高,传统罗茨真空机组因抽气能力局限性已难以满足应用需求。本文将大排量、宽压力、高转速离心真空泵应用于大型高真空系统,研制出一种离心真空泵+罗茨真空泵+水环真空泵串联运行的新型复合离心真空机组,重点介绍了离心真空机组的构成和研制过程,并测试了其极限性能和负载。结果表明:该机组排气量,极限压力和运行稳定性均满足设计指标要求,具有占地面积小、运行效率高、抽气能力强等特点,是目前大型高真空系统最佳抽气解决方案。

一种腰部为椭圆线的罗茨真空泵转子型线设计与分析

转子作为罗茨泵的关键零部件之一,对产品的整机性能具有重要影响,而转子设计的核心是转子型线的设计。本文以腰部椭圆线为基础开展转子型线设计,转子位于节圆内的型线由椭圆线构成,位于节圆外的型线由椭圆线的共轭曲线组成。设计中首先确定位于腰部的椭圆线及其啮合角,然后应用两个转子间的啮合关系,分析求解型线位于节圆外的共轭曲线,从而获得整个转子型线。最后,设计了抽速为70 L/s的罗茨泵转子,并分析了转子容积利用率与独立可变参数的关系。该型线与顶部为椭圆线的转子型线相比,容积利用率可大于50%,优势明显。

南方先进光源研究测试平台2 K超流氦真空机组控制策略

南方先进光源研究测试平台低温系统为超导腔提供100 W@2 K的垂直和水平两种测试模式。采用三套机械泵与罗茨泵组成的减压降温真空机组,通过对测试装置抽真空为超导腔提供2 K测试环境。为了保证测试装置内满足2 K@31.3 mbar±0.1 mbar要求,保持一定液位高度,设计了一套对应的减压降温真空机组控制逻辑,通过真空机组入口蝶阀可控开度、罗茨泵变频控制、旁通阀参与调节相互配合,在多轮测试中,能够在2 h内实现4 K到2 K间的转化,极大地减小了测试等待时间,稳定实现了31.3 mbar±0.1 mbar的压力波动,保证了液位的稳定,为超导腔测试提供持续稳定的测试环境,稳定运行时间单次最长720 h。

真空泵用屏蔽电机无传感器残压重投控制策略

针对真空干泵机组故障、生产工艺需要等原因影响真空设备产线在线运行时间的问题,研究真空干泵用屏蔽式感应电机带速重投策略,寻求重投的有利时刻以保证带速重投的成功,对电机断电后的转速和定子失电残压特性展开研究。为此,根据屏蔽感应电机空间向量模型,建立基于电压电流混合磁链观测的无速度传感器估算模型、推导电机断电期间的转速估算方法以及定子失电残压解析式。通过重点研究定子残压和虚拟重投电压间幅值特性和相角特性,确定控制系统的首次重投点和其次重投点。以4 kW真空干泵用屏蔽感应电机机组为例,通过模型仿真和失电残压实验验证了该控制方法在泵类工程中有较好的适用性和准确性,重投阶段的转速稳定时间为0.5 s以内,重投阶段的冲击电流平均减小59.18%。

液环真空泵叶轮与壳体型线的协同优化

为研究液环泵叶轮与壳体型线对其性能的耦合影响关系,采用高阶Bezier曲线和直接自由曲面变形(DFFD)方法对叶轮及壳体型线进行参数化控制,根据拉丁超立方(LHS)抽样方法,建立液环泵叶轮和壳体型线参数与真空度和效率间的径向基函数(RBF)代理模型,基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法实现液环泵叶轮和壳体型线耦合多目标优化。结果表明:叶轮与壳体耦合多目标优化得到的模型K(真空度最优模型)的真空度提高了11.2%,模型J(效率最优模型)的效率提高了4.1%;叶片包角的增大和扩张的吸气段壳体型线有助于提高泵的进口真空度,出口安放角的增大、收缩的吸气段型线以及扩张的排气段型线可降低泵内水力损失,提升效率;叶轮与壳体型线的耦合优化效果明显优于独立优化;在相同代理模型条件下,叶轮与壳体的分步优化与耦合优化结果基本一致。

高真空环境模拟卧式超长综合试验平台

文章设计了一套高真空环境模拟卧式超长综合试验平台,包括真空腔体、抽真空系统、热模拟系统、冷却水循环系统、控制及数据采集系统以及其他辅助保证系统等。该环境模拟系统主要是为全系统模拟真空环境试验提供条件保障,满足试验过程中关键技术指标的验证要求以及关键设备可以在清晰成像距离范围内实现对目标运动轨迹的标定,为后续项目研发和改进提供技术和测试数据支撑。

EAST装置中新型吸附剂泵(NEG)抽速标定研究

粒子排出是控制燃料粒子再循环、提升等离子体性能的关键因素之一。因此研究了新型吸附剂泵(NEG)在粒子排出技术中的潜在应用。NEG泵基于ZAO新型合金材料制成,对氢及其同位素抽速大、容量高,安装、运行、维护简单,兼容等离子体环境,适用于偏滤器区域的超高热流和复杂的空间结构。在EAST托卡马克装置安装4套HV800模组,开展了定期的抽速标定、再生研究以评估其周期性能变化。EAST真空室壁表面积较大,金属壁放气、杂质气体影响NEG泵抽速计算。通过计算EAST整体漏放率与氢及其同位素放气率,利用计算机模拟抽气过程,提出了一种用于修正NEG泵抽速的方法。研究结果表明在偏滤器区域工作压力下,对氘平均抽速可达1200 L/s。

船用制淡制冷一体机真空泵PSO-PID的智能调控

船用制淡制冷一体机系统性能优化的关键在于真空泵的3个比例-积分-微分(proportional-integral-derivative,PID)调控参数K_(p)、K_(i)和K_(d),它们直接影响制冷温度和蒸发速率(制冷量和淡水产率)。针对真空泵PID参数难整定的问题,应用MATLAB Simulink,并结合船用制淡制冷一体机真空泵控制系统传递函数,将粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)运用到PID算法模型优化中进行PID参数优化。结果表明:与基于临界比例度法的PID控制器参数整定相比,PSO-PID优化算法的调节时间缩短2.8%,超调量降低4.5%,说明PSO算法优化后的船用制淡制冷一体机PID控制具有更快的响应速度和更好的鲁棒性,有效提高了控制质量,实现船用制淡制冷一体机真空泵PSO-PID的智能调控。

电学计量中的量子标准与自然常数

介绍了库仑定律和安培定律在电学单位制中发挥的作用,依据机械功率与电功率等效的原理,选择电流单位安培(A)作为基本物理单位,并介绍了实用单位制和电学实物计量标准。阐述了三种电学计量的量子标准原理和溯源到自然常数的途径,分析了真空磁导率在安培定律公式中发挥的作用,探讨了电学量子三角形与欧姆定律兼容的问题。指出基本电荷量常数不是简单地从约瑟夫森常数K_(J-90)和冯·克里青常数R_(H-90)推导而来,而是由精细结构常数公式计算出来的,能量守恒原理是单位制中的第一性原理,是力学和电学计量单位的纽带。提出量子点之间的位移电流对单电子隧道泵有一定的影响,真空磁导率不再是理想的常数,真空磁导率的变化将成为后来理论界研究的重点。

基于ANSYS水环真空泵转子静力学和模态分析

水环真空泵具有构造简单、等温压缩、方便使用维修等特点,特别适合抽吸和压缩易燃易爆气体。转子部件在水环真空泵的稳定运行中发挥关键作用,其设计强度直接影响着产品的质量和寿命。通过ANSYS有限元分析软件对转子部件进行了静力学分析和模态分析。结果表明:水环真空泵泵轴和叶轮最大变形量均未超过材料允许的变形量。通过模态分析可知水环真空泵工作转速远低于转子系统的一阶临界转速,系统不会发生共振。研究验证了水环真空泵的工作可靠性,为转子部件以及产品整体结构优化设计提供了理论依据。