Hybrid rice yield response to potted-seedling machine transplanting and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application combined with urea topdressing

Machine transplanting and the application of slow-release nitrogen(N) fertilizer(SRNF) have played vital roles in the modernization of rice production. We aimed to determine the effects of potted-seedling transplanting—a new machine-transplanting method—and SRNF on hybrid rice yields. A 2-year splitplot experiment(2016–2017) was conducted in Meishan, Sichuan province, China, using two machinetransplanting methods(potted-seedling and blanket-seedling) and three N treatments. Total green leaf area, high-effective leaf area and its rate at heading, net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves 7 days after heading, glutamate synthase(GOGAT) and glutamine synthase(GS) activity after heading, dry matter production, and N accumulation at heading and maturity increased under the potted-seedling method or 70% SRNF as a base + 30% urea application at the panicle initiation stage(SBUP). Stem diameter and number of small and of all vascular bundles at the neck–panicle node in potted-seedling plants increased as a result of increasing numbers of effective panicles, secondary branches, and spikelets. In pottedseedling plants, treatment with SBUP increased the number of large and total vascular bundles at the panicle–neck internode and the number of differentiated and surviving secondary branches and spikelets and decreased the number of ineffective tillers and degenerated secondary branches and spikelets. We conclude that the potted-seedling machine transplanting method and SRNF combined with urea topdressing can strengthen the source–sink relationship in rice, resulting in higher yields.

Effects of Different Analog Water-soluble Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to investigate the application effect of analog water-soluble fertilizer as an alternative of flue-cured tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted, and the dry matter accumulation, intrinsic chemical composition, smoking quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were compared between analog water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, The results showed compared with conventional fertilizer, analog water-soluble fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco by 4.90%-16.70%, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 6%-15%, and increased the output of flue-cured tobacco by 5%-14%. In terms of chemical composition, the flue-cured tobacco applied with analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than that applied with conventional fertilizer, except the nicotine content in the upper leaves, the potassium content in the middle leaves and the reducing sugar content. The smoking quality of both the upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the analog water-soluble fertilizer treatment groups was better than that in the conventional fertilizer treatment group. In short, analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizer, with advantages of lower cost （reduced by 381.60 yuan/hm2）, lower application amount （reduced by 165 kg/hm2） and higher utilization efficiency.

Screening Test of Water-soluble Fertilizers for Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to find water-soluble fertilizers( WSFs) suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK,and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m^2.And it could significantly improve soluble sugar,Vc and protein contents,and could effectively reduce nitrate content.[Conclusions]Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer,and has the market prospect of large-area application and extension.

Evaluation of Application Effect of Silicon-containing Water-soluble Fertilizer on Fast Vegetables

[Objectives]The study aims to verify the application effect of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on fast vegetables.[Methods]Two vegetable crops,rape and lettuce,were studied,and three treatments were set up,including treatment 1(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer,treatment 2(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of the same amount of clear water),and treatment 3(conventional fertilization).[Results]The yield of lettuce and rape in treatment 1 increased by 15.1%and 8.6%,respectively;compared with treatment 3,the yield of lettuce and rape rose by 18.6%and 10.9%,respectively.Variance analysis shows that the F values of lettuce and rape were 20.938 and 35.372,respectively,and the differences among various treatments were extremely significant.[Conclusions]The application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on lettuce and rape significantly increased their yield.

Effects of Different Irrigation Times and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Leaf Area Index and Grain Yield of ‘Yujiao 5'

To provide ＂more reasonable, more saving and more efficient＂ water and fertilizer application proposals, taking ‘Yujiao 5＇ as the experimental material, the effects of different irrigation times and nitrogen application treatments on the leaf area index and yield of wheat were studied using three-factor split plot method. The results showed that irrigation times, nitrogen application rate and the ratio of basa to topdressed nitrogen respectively had significant effects on the leaf area index, the yield and component factors of wheat. Under the treatment of W1（irrigation before sowing）, the leaf area index showed a positive linear correlation with nitrogen application rate; under the treatments of W2（irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage） and W3（irrigation before sowing, at jointing stage and at grain filling stages）,the leaf area index showed a positive linear correlation with nitrogen application rate at the jointing stage, booting stage and heading stage; 20 d after heading, the leaf area index showed a quadric curve relationship with nitrogen application rate at these stages, and the LAI of N3R2 was the highest. Under different irrigation times,the yield, ear number and kernels per ear showed quadric curve relationship with nitrogen application rate, 1 000-seed weight showed the trend of linear decrease with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the treatment combination of irrigation before sowing, at jointing stage and at grain filling stage, nitrogen application rate at 240 kg/hm^2 and the ratio of basal to topdressed nitrogen of 5：5, the grain yield（8 609.60 kg/hm^2）, ear number（688.2×104/hm^2） and kernel number per ear（37.9 grains） reached the highest value at W3N3R2, and the grain yield of W3N3R2 increased by 144.8% compared to the W1N0. In conclusion, in Eastern Henan where the rainfall is insufficient at the late growth stage of wheat, the irrigation-saving space in wheat production is relatively small, but the nitrogen-saving space is relatively large.

Preparation and characterization of controlled-release fertilizers coated with marine polysaccharide derivatives

Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.

Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing on Growth and Yield of Garlic

With Cangshan garlic and early bolting garlic as experimental materials,this paper studies the effect of nitrogen topdressing on the garlic growth and yield of garlic stems and garlic bulbs. The results show that under the same amount of nitrogen,applying ammonium phosphor nitrate can better promote the growth of garlic than applying urea and ammonium chloride; both ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphor nitrate can effectively improve the yield of garlic stems and garlic bulbs,especially for ammonium phosphor nitrate; through economic benefit analysis,applying ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphor nitrate can produce greater economic benefits than applying urea,and especially ammonium phosphor nitrate increases the economic benefits of Cangshan garlic and early bolting garlic by 5490 yuan and 6690 yuan per ha,respectively.

Application Effect of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Technology for Tomato

Integrated water and fertilizer technology has the advantages of saving water,fertilizer and labour,which is widely applied in tomato plantation. Integrated water and fertilizer technology in topdressing and whole process of big and small tomatoes were studied,and their application effects were contrasted and analyzed,and application advantages and scopes of the two models were concluded.

氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响

【目的】研究氮肥不同追施处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳氮肥追施方式。【方法】设置大田试验,分析空白不施肥(CK)、B_(1)(2次沟施追氮肥)、B_(2)(2次滴施追氮肥)、B_(3)(4次滴施追氮肥)等4种氮肥不同追施处理对6种甜高粱品种不同生育阶段叶片的光合特性、水分利用效率(WUE)动态规律及生物产量的影响。【结果】甜高粱叶片的Pn、Tr、Ci、WUE在不同生育期不同氮肥追施处理下的变化趋势不一致,品种和处理间存在变化规律差异的现象。同一品种在同一生育阶段氮肥不同追施处理的光合特性有差异,叶片光合特性受氮肥追施处理的影响。Pn的变化范围在5.50~28.52μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),大力士在B_(3)处理处于最高值,比CK显著提高39.91%。全部品种在B_(2)处理的Tr值与CK处理的Tr值差异均不显著。拔节和乳熟期B_(3)处理所有品种的Gs值与CK处理的Gs值差异均不显著。WUE的变化范围在3.05~16.86μmol/mmol,拔节期只有B_(2)处理晋甜杂3号WUE值比CK显著提高71.28%,其他所有处理所有品种均与CK差异不显著。开花期B_(1)处理所有品种的WUE值均与CK不显著。生物产量变化范围在47.51~85.85 t/hm^(2),氮肥追施处理比CK增产幅度为7.66%~53.67%。大力士在所有处理的产量均高于其他品种,且B_(1)、B_(2)、B_(3)处理产量最高的品种顺序均一致,大力士>晋甜杂3号>辽甜3号。【结论】大力士、晋甜杂3号、辽甜3号在当地的适应性较好,B_(2)处理能够改善光合条件,使产量和水分利用效率达到最大,该处理是促进干旱区高粱生长发育的最佳氮肥滴管追施模式。

缓控释肥配施脲铵运筹对水稻产量、氮素利用效率和土壤养分的影响

通过田间试验,以传统配方肥+尿素一基两追施肥模式(CG)为对照,研究了以脲甲醛类缓控释肥(NC)和木质素类缓控释肥(MC)为基肥、脲铵为分蘖或穗分化追肥的缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式对水稻产量、氮吸收累积、氮素利用效率以及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖施肥模式水稻产量与CG处理相比无明显差异,但脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵(NC-S)和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗(MC-S)处理分别比CG处理明显增产3.96%和6.01%,主要原因为NC-S和MC-S处理每穗粒数分别比CG处理明显增加16.7%和17.6%;与CG处理相比,脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵(NC-F)和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖(MC-F)处理成熟期地上部氮累积分别比CG处理增加2.50%和5.89%,NC-S和MC-S处理分别比CG处理明显增加10.0%和11.6%;NC-S和MC-S处理氮素利用效率(NUE)分别比CG处理高3.96%和6.01%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式增加了水稻氮吸收效率(NupE)和表观氮肥回收效率(ANR),其中MC-S处理的NupE明显比CG处理高11.6%,NC-S和MC-S处理的ANR分别比CG处理明显高25.4%和29.3%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式土壤碱解氮含量明显比CG处理增加6.58%~10.7%,其中,一基一穗施肥模式增加比例更大;另外,土壤有机质含量比CG处理增加1.11%~7.56%。由此可见,缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗施肥模式更有利于提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率,增加土壤肥力。

化肥减量配施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

为探讨增施鱼蛋白有机液肥替代化肥的效果,以每667m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥5.0kg为对照,设置每667 m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥3.5 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥0.5kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0L这3个化肥减量处理,比较分析化肥减量增施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄生长、产量和果实性状及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明:在每667m^(2)施用5.0L鱼蛋白有机液肥的情况下,减少水溶肥用量会降低番茄的株高、叶长和叶宽,但促进了茎粗、果实纵横径的生长,其中不同处理的果实纵径差异不显著,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量随水溶肥用量的减少先升高再降低,以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥3.5 kg和2.0 kg的果形指数最大,但与其他处理没有显著差异。不同处理的平均单穗坐果数没有显著差异,单果质量和果实纵横径的变化趋势一致,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥0.5 kg的小区产量最大。因此,在追求产量的情况下,果实膨大至采收前以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥+0.5 kg鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比最适合生产;如果追求品质,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比有利于生产,比对照果实可溶性固形物含量可提高5.8%,667 m^(2)产量提高17.2%。

氮素穗肥对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆影响及其与淀粉合成关键酶活性间关系

【目的】为明确氮素穗肥对杂交稻籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【方法】选用两个直链淀粉含量差异较大的杂交稻品种锦优1319(高直链淀粉)和蓉优702(低直链淀粉),在不同的氮素穗肥处理下(设0、60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)4个纯氮水平,分别用CK、N1、N2、N3表示)研究氮素穗肥水平对籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【结果】不同穗肥处理下杂交稻籽粒灌浆特性差异显著,且不同类型品种表现各异,其中氮素穗肥的施用显著降低了稻米的直链淀粉含量。锦优1319的Gmax和Gmean随氮素穗肥水平的变化均表现为N2>CK>N1>N3,而蓉优702则表现为N3>N2>CK>N1;施用氮素穗肥显著增加了花后5~25 d籽粒腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(ADPG)和淀粉分支酶(DBE)的活性,降低了花后5~15 d籽粒GBSS活性,降低了花后5~25 d籽粒淀粉合成酶(SSS)和SBE活性。【结论】高直链淀粉品种锦优1319籽粒灌浆的最佳氮素穗肥施用量低于低直链淀粉品种蓉优702:其中锦优1319的最佳氮素穗肥施用量为90 kg/hm^(2),蓉优702为120 kg/hm^(2)。施用氮素穗肥显著降低了GBSS、SSS的活性,加之SBE活性下降,DBE活性提高,最终降低稻米直链淀粉含量。本研究条件下,籽粒ADPG活性未对稻米直链淀粉含量产生显著影响。

滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量和追氮时期对夏玉米籽粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响

为探究黄淮海平原东部地区滴灌水肥一体化条件下,不同施氮量及追氮时期组合对夏玉米籽粒品质、淀粉糊化特性和产量的影响,选用玉米主推品种‘郑单958’为试验材料,设置施氮量180 kg/hm2(N1)和210 kg/hm2(N2)两个氮肥处理水平及拔节期+大喇叭口期(W1)、拔节期+开花期(W2)、拔节期+大喇叭口期+开花期(W3)3个不同追肥时期组合。结果表明:拔节期+大喇叭口期+开花期追肥处理(N1W3、N2W3)籽粒淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和产量显著高于其他处理,籽粒粗脂肪含量显著低于其他处理。相关性分析表明:籽粒支链淀粉含量与峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、回复值、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与糊化温度、峰值时间、粗脂肪含量呈显著负相关。增加追氮频次改善籽粒直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例和淀粉的糊化特性,提高了籽粒品质。N1W3与N2W3相比,籽粒品质与淀粉糊化特性差异不显著,但是N1W3处理减少氮肥的投入,节约投入成本,为本试验的推荐处理。

无人机追施氨基酸水溶肥对南方中稻产量及收益的影响

为筛选适用于无人机平台的水稻追肥种类,在江西省彭泽县以清水、液体尿素和氨基酸水溶肥进行无人机追肥试验,考察3个处理对水稻叶片SPAD值、产量及收益的影响。结果表明:各处理水稻叶片的SPAD值均随着时间的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,且追施液体尿素和氨基酸水溶肥的SPAD值均高于追施清水处理;与追施清水处理相比,追施液体尿素和氨基酸水溶肥的水稻产量分别增加了2.1%~5.2%和7.0%~8.6%,且主要是通过提高穗数和结实率来实现水稻增产;追施氨基酸水溶肥处理的水稻产量比追施液体尿素处理高3.3%~4.8%;追施氨基酸水溶肥的利润显著高于追施清水和液体尿素,而后两者的利润无显著差异。因此,南方中稻区可采用无人机追施氨基酸水溶肥以实现水稻增产增收。

不同量级、种类肥料滴灌追肥对西瓜生长、产量与品质的影响

为了提高西瓜种植中的水肥利用效率,探索肥料高效利用方法,以小果型红瓤西瓜L600为试验材料,研究了水肥一体化条件下配方施肥量冲施肥(金土地,20-10-10)追肥、常规施肥量增减用量20%普通化肥追肥和常规施肥量普通化肥追肥(对照)在西瓜种植中的效果,比较了西瓜的长势、品质、产量和效益等指标。结果表明:追施配方施肥量冲施肥的西瓜植株生长势最好,膨果期株高和叶面积、667 m^(2)产量与667 m^(2)效益均最高,分别为249.17 cm、426.92 cm^(2)、3 217.21 kg与17 082.5元,分别较对照显著提高12.0%、19.0%、6.8%和8.1%;品质较好,中心可溶性固形物含量、边缘可溶性固形物含量分别为13.2%、9.8%,比对照分别提高0.7、0.9百分点,其中边缘可溶性固形物含量与对照间差异显著。追施常规施肥量增量20%普通化肥的西瓜植株生长势较好,667 m^(2)产量为3 150.76 kg,比对照显著提高4.6%,边缘可溶性固形物含量最高,显著高于对照,较对照提高1.0百分点。追施常规施肥量减量20%普通化肥的西瓜植株生长势和果实品质均最差,667 m^(2)产量最低,为2 580.41 kg,比对照显著减产14.3%,中心可溶性固形物含量较对照显著降低1.3百分点。生产上建议采用西瓜滴灌追施配方施肥量冲施肥(金土地,20-10-10),每667 m^(2)用量为64 kg,且分别在伸蔓期、膨果期初期、膨果期中期滴灌追施24、24、16 kg。

氮肥不同基追比对硃砂烟生长发育及产质量的影响

为了进一步明确硃砂烟最适宜的氮肥施用策略,试验在总施氮量不变的情况下,设置了3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3的氮肥基追比,研究了氮肥不同基追比对烤烟农艺性状、病害发生情况、光合特性、经济性状及烤后烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:随氮肥基施比例的增加,烟株叶面积呈增大趋势,光合特性指标呈先增后降趋势,氮肥基追比为6∶4和7∶3时烤烟叶面积显著高于其他处理;氮肥基追比为5∶5和6∶4时烟叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著高于其他处理;田间观察发现,各处理的病害发生程度均较轻;氮肥基追比为6∶4和7∶3时,烤烟各项经济性状指标表现较好;氮肥基追比为6∶4和7∶3时,烟叶的还原糖、总氮、氯含量及糖碱比均处在优质范围内,钾含量只有氮肥基追比7∶3的处理符合优质标准,整体看来氮肥基追比7∶3的处理烟叶常规化学成分最为协调。综上所述,在该试验条件下,硃砂烟最适宜的氮肥基追比为7∶3。

不同施肥方法与栽培方式对皇竹草生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究基肥法、追肥法,老篼繁殖、茎芽分蘖繁殖对皇竹草生长性能的影响。试验在相同茎芽分蘖繁殖方法下,探究基肥法、追肥法对皇竹草地径、株高、分蘖数及单株生物量的影响;在相同追肥法下,探究老篼繁殖、茎芽分蘖繁殖组对皇竹草地径、株高、分蘖数及单株生物量的影响。结果显示,8月下旬基肥法皇竹草株高、分蘖数均极显著高于追肥法(P<0.01),单株生物量极显著低于追肥法(P<0.01);老篼繁殖皇竹草株高、分蘖数和单株生物量均极显著高于茎芽分蘖繁殖(P<0.01)。9月下旬基肥法皇竹草单株生物量极显著低于追肥法(P<0.01);老篼繁殖皇竹草单株生物量极显著低于茎芽分蘖繁殖(P<0.01)。研究表明,在基肥下,皇竹草分蘖强度大、分蘖数多;当追肥后,皇竹草生长迅速、单株生物量增多。在老篼繁殖、茎芽分蘖繁殖方法下,当皇竹草密度不大时,皇竹草单株生物量与分蘖数呈正相关;密度过大时,皇竹草单株生物量与分蘖数呈负相关。

不同滴灌施肥模式对切花菊生物量、品质和养分吸收的影响

【目的】切花菊生产中普遍存在施肥过量和施肥方式不当的问题,通过比较4种施肥处理对切花菊形态指标、品质和养分吸收的影响,筛选最适切花菊生产的施肥体系,为切花菊减肥增效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以切花菊‘白扇’为试材,设置分别在智能水肥一体化机设备和施肥罐机器下,追施水溶肥7次(S1、S2)和追施4次(T1、T2)4个处理,每次追肥量相同(75 kg/hm^(2))。在定植后35、62和85天,调查切花菊农艺指标、花部性状、植株氮磷钾含量及土壤氮磷钾含量。【结果】与施肥罐机器施肥(S2、T2处理)相比,定植62天时,采用智能水肥一体化机设备施肥(S1、T1处理)提高了切花菊的株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重和地下干重,T1处理的效果又好于S1处理;定植85天时,T1处理切花菊株高高于S2和T2处理,花径和出花率与S1和S2处理无显著差异。定植35天时,T1处理的植株钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植62天时,T1处理植株茎叶中磷、钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植85天时,T1处理植株根中的磷、钾含量均最高。T1处理也增加了定植62和85天后土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。【结论】采用智能水肥一体化机设备条件下,将追施肥次数由7次减至4次,施肥量由525 kg/hm^(2)降低到375 kg/hm^(2),改善了切花菊‘白扇’的农艺性状和花部性状,促进了植株对养分的吸收利用,并提高了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,而使用施肥罐机器的减肥增效效果不明显。因此,切花菊生产中应推广利用智能水肥一体化机设备,以实现减肥增效。

不同基追比例对湖泊流域烟田氮、磷养分流失和烟叶经济性状的影响

[目的]降低烟田氮、磷养分流失,保护湖泊流域水质的同时保障烟叶的优质生产。[方法]采用田间原位实时收集水样方法,在弥渡(洱海流域)和澄江(抚仙湖流域)研究不同基追比例(100∶0;70∶30和30∶70)对氮、磷养分流失和烟叶经济性状的影响。[结果]不同基追比例的径流水流失总量和渗漏水流失总量差异不显著(P>0.05)。基追比30∶70处理的径流水和渗漏水氮流失量以及磷流失量低于基追比100∶0和70∶30处理,径流水中氮流失量分别减少9.16%~66.44%和3.90%~67.77%,磷流失量分别减少6.16%~9.36%和2.25%~17.45%;渗漏水中氮流失量分别减少0.56%~67.54%和21.59%~26.89%,磷流失量分别减少4.20%~33.33%和10.08%~20.00%。基追比30∶70处理的产量和产值高于基追比100∶0处理和70∶30处理,产量分别增加24.08%~24.18%和1.44~2.26%,产值分别增加8.81%~39.04%和2.56~5.55%。[结论]云南高原湖泊流域采用基追比30∶70的施用方式在降低面源污染风险的同时能保障湖泊流域烟叶的优质生产。

生物炭用量与追肥次数对烤烟生长及氮素积累的影响

为实现生物炭施用下烤烟轻简化追肥,利用土柱淋溶试验结合大田试验,研究了生物炭施用量与追肥次数对烟草生长发育和氮素积累的影响。结果表明,生物炭用量达到10 t/hm^(2)时可以显著提高土壤含水率,显著降低氮总淋溶量。烤烟农艺性状主要受到生物炭用量的影响,烤烟干物质(特别是叶片干物质)及氮素积累主要受追肥次数的影响,生物炭用量、追肥次数及两者互作均对烤烟经济性状有显著影响,但主要受追肥次数的影响。总体来看,10 t/hm^(2)生物炭施用条件下,追肥2次提供了更适宜的养分供给模式,提高了烟草的氮肥利用率和经济效益,可以为发展烟草栽培轻简化追肥模式提供参考。