Preparation of Durable Antibacterial Polyester Fabrics by Grafting with the Natural Quaternary Ammonium Compound Betaine

Recently, the textile industry has increasingly advocated for natural resource-based healthcare textiles. This research presents a facile and eco-friendly approach to developing durable antibacterial polyester fabrics. Polyester fabric was first subjected to an alkaline hydrolysis to impart hydroxyl groups on the fiber surface. A natural antibacterial agent, betaine, was then covalently bonded to the hydrolyzed polyester fiber surface through esterification. XPS, Raman, SEM, and Wicking measurements were carried out to verify the esterification reaction. Antibacterial tests confirmed that betaine treatment grafted polyester fabrics revealed a remarkable antibacterial effect with inhibition rates > 99.9% against both E. coli and S. aureus and still remained inhibition rates of up to 91.5% against both bacteria after home washing for 20 cycles. Moreover, the modification significantly increased the capillary effect of polyester fabric but did not cause apparent adverse effects on the fabric’s hand or tensile strength. Overall, this grafting strategy for durable, antibacterial polyester fabric represents a significant practicality in the textile industry.

Synthesis of novel biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) analogue:Water-soluble aliphatic polyester with pendant oligo(ethylene glycol) chains

A novel poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） analogue composed of aliphatic polyester backbone and pendant oligo（ethylene glycol） short chains is reported. The PEG analogue is a copolymer synthesized by ring-opening alternating copolymerization of succinic anhydride with 2-（（2-（2-metho xyethoxy）ethoxy）methyl）oxirane. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by ^1H NMR spectrum. The effects of the monomer feed ratio on the copolymerization were studied and the polymerization mechanism was given. The PEG analogue disclosed is water-soluble and expected to have promising applications in biomedical fields as a substitute of PEG due to the existence of degradable ester bond in the backbone.

Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hydrolytically Degradable Polyesters

Six novel hydrolytically degradable polyesters were synthesized from thiodipropionic acid(TDPA)and five diols by melt polycondensation,and characterized by FT-IR,1H NMR,gel permeation chromatography,differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis.The polystyrene-equivalent number-average(Mn)and weight-average molecular weight(Mw)of these polyesters ranged from 4900-11100 Da and 7900-20879 Da,respectively,with PDI values of 1.48-1.98.The melting point varied from 62.3-127.9℃,and the 50%mass-loss temperature ranged between 387-417℃.The degradation of these polyesters was studied in terms of relative weight loss in distilled water at different pH.Weight losses of 14%-26%were obtained at pH 7.0,26%-38%at pH 6.0,and 32%-43%at pH 8.3 over a 20-week period.The ecotoxicity study suggested that safety of the synthesized polyesters for the eisenia foetida.These results indicate that these polyesters have a combination of good thermal and degradability behaviors,which can be tailored through selection of the diol monomers used in the synthesis.

Predicting Bursting Strength Behavior of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Various Percentages of Cotton, Polyester, and Spandex Fibers

The bursting strength is an essential quality parameter of knit fabric. The fabric structure, weight, types of fibers, and fiber blend proportion influence the bursting strength parameter. The tenacity of polyester fiber is better than cotton and spandex. The study focused on predicting knit fabric bursting strength test value using different fibers (cotton, polyester, and spandex) with varying percentages of the blend ratio. This study used fifteen categories of blended fabrics. The Pearson Correlation and the hypothetical ANOVA regression analysis were conducted to do the statistical significance test. The experimental result reveals that the bursting strength test result increased with the increased percentage of polyester and suggested a suitable regression equation. The dominance of the polyester fiber was observed throughout the experiment, i.e., the higher the polyester blend proportion, the higher the bursting strength value. The inclusion of polyester in blends can reduce the cost of fabric. The developed prediction model or equation can help the fabric manufacturer make appropriate decisions regarding getting the expected bursting strength. The researcher hopes that the findings from this study will motivate new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile manufacturing industry.

One-step Eco-friendly Fabrication of Antibacterial Polyester Via On-line Amination Reaction by Melt Coextrusion

The work is dedicated to develop a one-step eco-friendly method to prepare antibacterial polyethylene terephthalate(PET).We report a one-step eco-friendly method to manufacture antibacterial PET via on-line amination reaction by melt coextrusion.Beside evenly mixing of poly(hexamethylene guanidine)(PHMG)and PET in the melt coextrusion procedure,the amination reaction also occurred between PHMG and PET under high temperature(230-270℃).The antibacterial ability of composite PET showed obvious PHMG concentration dependence,and antibacterial activity reached more than 99%when PHMG content was 2.5 wt%.Moreover,LIVE/DEAD fluorescence test further confirmed that the composite PET could kill bacteria quickly and efiectively(within 30 min);while negligible cytotoxicity was observed to HSF and HUVEC cells.Onestep eco-friendly fabrication of composite antibacterial PET was accomplished by on-line melt coextrusion.The composite antibacterial PET has potential use in multiple fields to combat with pathogenic including textiles,packaging materials,decoration materials and biomedical devices,etc.

Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester Filled with Waste Coconut Shells, Walnut Shells, and Carbon Fibers

This study aims to evaluate the erosion behavior and the hardness of hybrid composites made of varying amounts of coconut shells,walnut shells,and carbonfibers dispersed in a polyester matrix.MINITAB(L16)Taguchi experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In particular,an erosion device con-sisting of a motor with a constantflow rate of 45 L/min,a pump with a diameter of 40 mm,a nozzle with a dia-meter of 5 mm,and a tank made of“perspex glass”55 cm long,30 cm tall,and 25 cm wide was used.The tests were conducted by varying the sample-to-nozzle distance,the pattern angle,and the sand particle size.The results have revealed that the presence of 7.5%by weight of waste coconut shell,for conditions corresponding to 90°angle,sand size 425μm,stand distance 30 cm,gives the best wear resistance(3.04×10^(-5) g/g).Thefiller content and sand particle size affect the erosive rate,with the angle playing a secondary role.The distance between the sample and the nozzle has a weaker effect on erosive wear.The hardness results show that the models(UP-5%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste coconut shell)give the best values for prayer compared to the samples(UP-5 wt.%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste walnut shell).

Multi-output Gaussian Process Regression Model with Combined Kernel Function for Polyester Esterification Processes

In polyester fiber industrial processes,the prediction of key performance indicators is vital for product quality.The esterification process is an indispensable step in the polyester polymerization process.It has the characteristics of strong coupling,nonlinearity and complex mechanism.To solve these problems,we put forward a multi-output Gaussian process regression(MGPR)model based on the combined kernel function for the polyester esterification process.Since the seasonal and trend decomposition using loess(STL)can extract the periodic and trend characteristics of time series,a combined kernel function based on the STL and the kernel function analysis is constructed for the MGPR.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the actual polyester esterification process data collected from fiber production.

The global polyester resin dispersion market is expected to reach around USD 12K million by 2033

The global polyester resin dispersion market size is anticipated to reach a valuation of US$7,635.4 million by 2023.It is projected to witness a CAGR of 4.8%in the estimated time period from 2023 to 2033.A valuation of around US$12,200.7 million is predicted for the global market by 2033.

Increasing demand is driving the global polyester fabrics market

According to Future Market Insights,the global nonwoven polyester fabric market is projected to increase at a CAGR of 6.84%in the forecast period from 2023 to 2033.The market size in 2023 is likely to reach US$54.8 billion and in 2033 it will reach US$106.2 billion.The market size in 2022 was US$51.31 billion.

Release Model of Water-soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles for Protein Delivery

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore release rule of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) in vitro. [Method]The bovine serum albumin(BSA) was taken as a model protein drug and some existing release models such as Kinetics model, Gompertz model, Weibull model, Higuchi model and Logistic model were used to fit the BSA release profile from WSC carriers. [Result] Except Higuchi model and Logistic model, other models could fit BSA release profile better. [Conclusion] Gompertz two-order kinetics model could fit the release of WSC nano-particles better and model parameters had practical physical meaning.

梁整加工对Polyester/Lyocell混纺织物强伸性能的研究

本文研究了Ｐｏｌｙｅｓｔｅｒ／Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ混纺交织织物的耐氧化性、耐碱性、耐高温性能，通过测试处理后织物的断裂强力和断裂伸长率，优化了该织物在印染过程中的工艺路线和工艺参数。

A study of the properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers used in drilling fluids

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HPAP) have been synthesized from acrylamide(AM), acrylate (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydrophobic monomer (AP) in aqueous solution by radical polymerization. New polymer drilling fluids are made up of HPAP, which is used as viscosifiers and encapsulation agents. Properties of this system are reported in this paper. Results indicate that this system has a high value of yield point to plastic viscosity (YP/PV≥0.7), high viscosity at a low-shear rate (LSRV≥30000mPa·s), excellent shear thinning behavior, good solid-carrying behavior, resistance to shear, good thermal stability (as high as 140℃) and salt resistance. The system has excellent behavior in high-density solution of NaCl and in calcium and magnesium rich saline solutions. Hence, HPAP also can be used in saltwater polymer drilling fluids.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARAOTERIZATION OF NOVEL THERMOTROPIO LIQUID ORYSTALLINE POLYESTERS BEARING NONLINEAR OPTICAL AZOBENZENE SIDE GROUP

A series of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters bearing nonlinear optical azobenzene side group were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation and their structures,thermal stability, phase transition behavior and crystallinity were characterized by IR,elemental analysis, TG-DTA, polarizing optical microscope (POM) equipped with a hot stage and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results demonstrate that all the synthesized polyesters exhibit nematic liquid crystalline phases and show relatively high glass transition temperatures and good thermal stability.

Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Algicidal Effect of Water-soluble Extracts of Chinese Chive

[Objective] The paper was to study the algicidal effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive under different environmental conditions, so as to provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances. [Method] The effects of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa under different pH, light and aeration conditions were compared and studied. [Result] The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa was greater than 90% under different pH conditions. With the growth of M. aeruginosa, the culture liquid with different initial pH was finally tended to 9-9.5. The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on algae cell increased with the prolongation of culture time within the light intensity range of 1 000-4 000 lx. The inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa under low light intensity（1 000 lx）was better than that under high light intensity, the best light intensity for growth was not conducive to the exertion of allelopathic effect. Meanwhile, aeration condition was more conducive to the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of M. aeruginosa. [Conclusion] pH, light and aeration conditions all affected the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive treated by high temperature on M. aeruginosa. Understanding the effect of these environmental factors on algicidal effect of allelochemicals could provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances.

Effect of thatch on water-soluble phosphorus of pasture soil fertilized with broiler litter

The presence of a thatch layer in established pastures could reduce the contact between broiler litter and soil, thus increasing the potential for surface runoff contamination with litter P. We conducted a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of a thatch layer on the dynamics of water-soluble P in undisturbed cores taken from a pasture. Cores with and without a thatch layer received a surface application of broiler litter (5 thm-2) and were incubated at 25 oC for 56 d. The result showed that on the soil surface the contents of water soluble-P (39 kghm-2) of the cores with the thatch layer was higher than that (20 kghm-2) of the cores without the thatch layer. Therefore on well-established pastures fertilized with broiler litter, the presence of a thatch layer might lead to high concentrations of water-soluble P on the soil surface.

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Microstructure and Pyrolysis Pathway of Polyester-Polyether Multiblock Copolymer

The composition and sequence distribution of monomeric units in polyester polyether multiblock copolymer were studied by pyrolysis? gas chromatography (PGC) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). PGC was applied to study the F t curve of the multiblock copolymer and PGC/MS was used to separate and identify the pyrolyzates. DTA experiment was used to study the decomposition temperature. The results show that the beginning point of elastomer’s decomposition was about 300?℃ and the decomposition temperature of most of the sample was 550?℃. Many pyrolyzates were produced because of the breaking of weak bonds in the sample. The possible microstructure was verified and the pyrolysis pathway of the copolymer was investigated.

CNTs/Polyester复合材料的微波吸收特性研究

研究了添加不同质量分数CNTs的聚酯基复合材料的电磁波吸收性能,初步分析了CNTs的螺旋结构和手征性质导致8～40GHz波段良好的吸收。其中厚度为1.40mm±0.05mm的CNTs/Polyester复合材料在25GHz有较强的吸收峰。

SYNTHESIS OF AN EPOXY-TERMINATED HYPERBRANCHED AROMATIC POLYESTER

An epoxy-terminated hyperbranched aromatic polyester (P3) was synthesized from a hyperbranched aromatic polyester containing carboxylic acid end groups (P1), which was derived from the condensation polymerization of the AB(2) monomer, 5-acetoxyisophthalic acid. Polymer P1 was converted into the polymeric acid chloride by reaction with thionyl chloride. The acid chloride was reacted with ethanol and glycidol to form a poly(ethyl ester) (P2) and an epoxy terminated material (P3), respectively. The reaction conditions in each step of these processes had to be controlled very carefully to avoid unwanted cross-linking reactions. The characterization of products and intermediates, including molecular weight distributions and thermal properties, are reported.

PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER/ACRYLATE-TERMINATED POLYURETHANE/ORGANO-MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES

Unsaturated polyester resin （UPR）/acrylate-terminated polyurethane （ATPU）/organo-modified montmorillonite （OMMT） nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. Samples were prepared by the sequential mixing, i.e. mixture of the ATPU and styrene （S） and OMMT were prepared in the first step; UPR was then added to the pre-intercalates of ATPU/S/OMMT. Results indicate that the mechanical properties and thermal properties of UPR/ATPU/OMMT nanocomposites greatly depend on the amount of ATPU and OMMT. Results show that the addition of ATPU could increase the impact strength of UPR/ATPU composites, but the tensile strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of the materials are obviously decreased. When the weight ratio between UPR, ATPU and OMMT were 82：15：3, the impact strength and heat distortion-temperature of nanocomposite were greatly improved, meanwhile there was little change for other properties of the nanocomposites. The synergistic enhancement effects of ATPU and OMMT on the composites were observed. The structures and morphology of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.