Salicylic acid (SA) is a vital plant growth regulator providing promising role in plant development and adopts defense mechanism to abiotic stresses. Salinity is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant development ...Salicylic acid (SA) is a vital plant growth regulator providing promising role in plant development and adopts defense mechanism to abiotic stresses. Salinity is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant development and growth changes in watermelon by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism involved in salt stress alleviation in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) through the foliar application of salicylic acid. Watermelon cv. Charleston Gray was grown under moderate saline regime of 3 ds·m-1 NaCl and sprayed with salicylic acid with four level (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L) compared along with control. SA @ 5.0 mmol/L was found to be very effective in mitigation of salt stress. SA was found to be very effective in alleviation of salinity stress by produced antioxidants and acted as osmo-regulator.展开更多
Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span>...Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix and 15<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(85<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min and 95<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span></span>C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg</span><span style="color:#4f4f4f;font-family:'-apple-system, font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">-1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with a higher </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of 42.83 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for SbF12T105). On the other hand, for the Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>B (10.46 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for CrF12T105 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 18.40 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for ChF12T105). Without any health consequences, the formulation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of watermelon nectars.</span>展开更多
Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a fruit cultivated and consumed in Africa for its essential nutrients which are very beneficial to the human body. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritive contents, f...Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a fruit cultivated and consumed in Africa for its essential nutrients which are very beneficial to the human body. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritive contents, free radical scavenging activities and phytochemical components of C. lanatus fruit. The extract of the fruit was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assessment using 1,1-di-phenylpicryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. The proximate and phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard procedures. The results of this study showed that C. lanatus fruit had very high moisture content and its crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content were all in traceable amounts. The sugar content was considerably high in comparison with other nutritive contents. Lycopene and β-carotene contents of C. lanatus fruit were estimated to be 4537.83 and 308.71 μg/100g respectively. The gross energy evaluation showed a value of 0.335 Kcal/g. The fruit extract exhibited significant (p 50 of 0.10 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity (IC50 of 0.62 mg/ml) in comparison with the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BTH). This study therefore recommends that C. lanatus fruit could be an excellent source of antioxidants which may prevent diseases whose pathogenesis involves oxidative stress.展开更多
For horticultural crops and especially for vegetables, salinity is dilemma. It is the most limiting factor for plant growth and development by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. In the ...For horticultural crops and especially for vegetables, salinity is dilemma. It is the most limiting factor for plant growth and development by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. In the present study, the screening of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) Cultivars was observed for salt tolerance. Four salinity levels (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 dS·m-1 NaCl) and six cultivars (Crimson, Charleston Gray, Anarkali, Chairman, Sugar Baby and Champion) tested for screening. It was observed that all morphological attributes and ionic contents were severely affected. But it was revealed by statistical analysis that Charleston Gray was affected least while Champion was most salt sensitive cultivar due to oxidative stress and ionic toxicity. It is concluded that different genotypes under consideration vary in their ability to tolerate salt stress.展开更多
The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanism...The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanisms that underlie the induction of chilling tolerance in response to suboptimal temperature. The relationships of these processes to suboptimal temperature acclimation in watermelon were then determined.Suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants demonstrated tolerance during chilling stress, as indicated by the decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation compared with those non-acclimated watermelon plants. Chilling-induced photoinhibition and reduction in CO2 assimilation rate were alleviated after suboptimal temperature acclimation. The xanthophyll cycle level was enhanced by improving thermal dissipation ability and avoiding light damage. Consequently, the chilling tolerance of suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants was enhanced. The osmoregulation ability induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation protected watermelon plants against chilling injury because of the accumulation of small molecular substances, such as soluble sugar and proline. The protein levels of Rubisco activase(ClRCA) and the gene expression of the Benson–Calvin cycle simultaneously increased in suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants during chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in watermelon plants induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation is associated with enhanced photosynthetic adaptability and osmoregulation ability.展开更多
Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method.The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsor...Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method.The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI)ions from aqueous solution has been investigated.Three biochars,Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50%sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_(2) or Triethylenetetramine(TETA)to give Melon-BO-TETA.The prepared biochars were characterized by BET,BJH,SEM,FT-IR,TGA,DSC and EDAX analyses.The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI)ions was 69%for Melon-B,98%for Melon-BO-NH_(2) and 99%for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L^(−1) Cr(VI)ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L^(−1) adsorbents dose.The unmodified biochar(Melon-B)and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA)had maximum adsorption capacities(Q_(m))of 72.46,123.46,and 333.33 mg·g^(−1),respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar,whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations.The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,respectively.The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model.Conclusively,the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process.The adsorption for the Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.展开更多
Fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Citrullus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lan...Fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Citrullus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lanatus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">oxysporum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> f. sp. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niveum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fon</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Use of host resistance is the most </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effective management strategy for the disease, and a major objective for breeding programs. Screening assays rely on the ability to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes in segregating populations. However, complex</span> <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">interactions between </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fon</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the soil environment can influence symptom development and disease severity rating. In the current study, severity of Fusarium wilt (race 1) in sand-peat (1:1 v/v), sand-perlite (1:1), sand-peat-vermiculite (4:1:1), </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peat-perlite (1:1) and Fafard 3B potting media was compared among five watermelon cultivars: Calhoun Gray (resistant), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SunSugar (resistant), Allsweet (moderately resistant), Sugar Baby (susceptible) and Charleston Gray (susceptible). Plant biomass (average dry weight/plant) was lowest in peat-perlite (1.67</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and sand-peat (2.16 g), and was significantly different (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05) from that of sand-perlite (3.48 g), sand-peat-vermiculite (4.94 g) and Fafard 3B (6.90 g). Conversely, disease severity [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] across cultivars was significantly higher in peat-perlite (AUDPC = 62.96) and sand-peat (AUDPC = 40.87), than in sand-perlite (AUDPC = 11.55), sand-peat-vermiculite (AUDPC = 10.67) and Fafard 3B (AUDPC = 9.29). Consistent discrimination (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05) of resistant and susceptible cultivars was realized in sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B, but was not possible in peat-perlite, sand-peat and sand-perlite. Collectively, these findings support suitability of sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B for routine screening of Fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon.展开更多
文摘Salicylic acid (SA) is a vital plant growth regulator providing promising role in plant development and adopts defense mechanism to abiotic stresses. Salinity is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant development and growth changes in watermelon by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism involved in salt stress alleviation in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) through the foliar application of salicylic acid. Watermelon cv. Charleston Gray was grown under moderate saline regime of 3 ds·m-1 NaCl and sprayed with salicylic acid with four level (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L) compared along with control. SA @ 5.0 mmol/L was found to be very effective in mitigation of salt stress. SA was found to be very effective in alleviation of salinity stress by produced antioxidants and acted as osmo-regulator.
文摘Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients <span style="font-family:Verdana;">including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix and 15<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span>Brix </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(85<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min and 95<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span></span>C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C/15min) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kg</span><span style="color:#4f4f4f;font-family:'-apple-system, font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">-1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with a higher </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of 42.83 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for SbF12T105). On the other hand, for the Crimson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>B (10.46 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for CrF12T105 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 18.40 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span></span></span>kg-1 for ChF12T105). Without any health consequences, the formulation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of watermelon nectars.</span>
文摘Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a fruit cultivated and consumed in Africa for its essential nutrients which are very beneficial to the human body. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritive contents, free radical scavenging activities and phytochemical components of C. lanatus fruit. The extract of the fruit was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assessment using 1,1-di-phenylpicryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. The proximate and phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard procedures. The results of this study showed that C. lanatus fruit had very high moisture content and its crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content were all in traceable amounts. The sugar content was considerably high in comparison with other nutritive contents. Lycopene and β-carotene contents of C. lanatus fruit were estimated to be 4537.83 and 308.71 μg/100g respectively. The gross energy evaluation showed a value of 0.335 Kcal/g. The fruit extract exhibited significant (p 50 of 0.10 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity (IC50 of 0.62 mg/ml) in comparison with the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BTH). This study therefore recommends that C. lanatus fruit could be an excellent source of antioxidants which may prevent diseases whose pathogenesis involves oxidative stress.
文摘For horticultural crops and especially for vegetables, salinity is dilemma. It is the most limiting factor for plant growth and development by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. In the present study, the screening of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) Cultivars was observed for salt tolerance. Four salinity levels (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 dS·m-1 NaCl) and six cultivars (Crimson, Charleston Gray, Anarkali, Chairman, Sugar Baby and Champion) tested for screening. It was observed that all morphological attributes and ionic contents were severely affected. But it was revealed by statistical analysis that Charleston Gray was affected least while Champion was most salt sensitive cultivar due to oxidative stress and ionic toxicity. It is concluded that different genotypes under consideration vary in their ability to tolerate salt stress.
基金funded by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2015CFB385)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31501783)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (Grant No. CARS-25)
文摘The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanisms that underlie the induction of chilling tolerance in response to suboptimal temperature. The relationships of these processes to suboptimal temperature acclimation in watermelon were then determined.Suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants demonstrated tolerance during chilling stress, as indicated by the decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation compared with those non-acclimated watermelon plants. Chilling-induced photoinhibition and reduction in CO2 assimilation rate were alleviated after suboptimal temperature acclimation. The xanthophyll cycle level was enhanced by improving thermal dissipation ability and avoiding light damage. Consequently, the chilling tolerance of suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants was enhanced. The osmoregulation ability induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation protected watermelon plants against chilling injury because of the accumulation of small molecular substances, such as soluble sugar and proline. The protein levels of Rubisco activase(ClRCA) and the gene expression of the Benson–Calvin cycle simultaneously increased in suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants during chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in watermelon plants induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation is associated with enhanced photosynthetic adaptability and osmoregulation ability.
文摘Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method.The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI)ions from aqueous solution has been investigated.Three biochars,Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50%sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_(2) or Triethylenetetramine(TETA)to give Melon-BO-TETA.The prepared biochars were characterized by BET,BJH,SEM,FT-IR,TGA,DSC and EDAX analyses.The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI)ions was 69%for Melon-B,98%for Melon-BO-NH_(2) and 99%for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L^(−1) Cr(VI)ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L^(−1) adsorbents dose.The unmodified biochar(Melon-B)and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA)had maximum adsorption capacities(Q_(m))of 72.46,123.46,and 333.33 mg·g^(−1),respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar,whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations.The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,respectively.The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model.Conclusively,the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process.The adsorption for the Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.
文摘Fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Citrullus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lanatus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">oxysporum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> f. sp. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niveum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fon</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Use of host resistance is the most </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effective management strategy for the disease, and a major objective for breeding programs. Screening assays rely on the ability to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes in segregating populations. However, complex</span> <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">interactions between </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fon</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the soil environment can influence symptom development and disease severity rating. In the current study, severity of Fusarium wilt (race 1) in sand-peat (1:1 v/v), sand-perlite (1:1), sand-peat-vermiculite (4:1:1), </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peat-perlite (1:1) and Fafard 3B potting media was compared among five watermelon cultivars: Calhoun Gray (resistant), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SunSugar (resistant), Allsweet (moderately resistant), Sugar Baby (susceptible) and Charleston Gray (susceptible). Plant biomass (average dry weight/plant) was lowest in peat-perlite (1.67</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g) </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and sand-peat (2.16 g), and was significantly different (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05) from that of sand-perlite (3.48 g), sand-peat-vermiculite (4.94 g) and Fafard 3B (6.90 g). Conversely, disease severity [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] across cultivars was significantly higher in peat-perlite (AUDPC = 62.96) and sand-peat (AUDPC = 40.87), than in sand-perlite (AUDPC = 11.55), sand-peat-vermiculite (AUDPC = 10.67) and Fafard 3B (AUDPC = 9.29). Consistent discrimination (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05) of resistant and susceptible cultivars was realized in sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B, but was not possible in peat-perlite, sand-peat and sand-perlite. Collectively, these findings support suitability of sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B for routine screening of Fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon.