Ignition Pattern Analysis for Automotive Engine Trouble Diagnosis Using Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machines

Engine spark ignition is an important source for diagnosis of engine faults.Based on the waveform of the ignition pattern,a mechanic can guess what may be the potential malfunctioning parts of an engine with his/her experience and handbooks.However,this manual diagnostic method is imprecise because many spark ignition patterns are very similar.Therefore,a diagnosis needs many trials to identify the malfunctioning parts.Meanwhile the mechanic needs to disassemble and assemble the engine parts for verification.To tackle this problem,an intelligent diagnosis system was established based on ignition patterns.First,the captured patterns were normalized and compressed.Then wavelet packet transform（WPT） was employed to extract the representative features of the ignition patterns.Finally,a classification system was constructed by using multi-class support vector machines（SVM） and the extracted features.The classification system can intelligently classify the most likely engine fault so as to reduce the number of diagnosis trials.Experimental results show that SVM produces higher diagnosis accuracy than the traditional multilayer feedforward neural network.This is the first trial on the combination of WPT and SVM to analyze ignition patterns and diagnose automotive engines.

Radar Emitter Signal Recognition Using Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machines

This paper presents a novel method for radar emitter signal recognition. First, wavelet packet transform （WPT） is introduced to extract features from radar emitter signals. Then, rough set theory is used to select the optimal feature subset with good discriminability from original feature set, and support vector machines （SVMs） are employed to design classifiers. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed method achieves very high recognition rates for 9 radar emitter signals in a wide range of signal-to-noise rates, and proves a feasible and valid method.

WAVELET KERNEL SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR SPARSE APPROXIMATION

Wavelet, a powerful tool for signal processing, can be used to approximate the target func-tion. For enhancing the sparse property of wavelet approximation, a new algorithm was proposed by using wavelet kernel Support Vector Machines (SVM), which can converge to minimum error with bet-ter sparsity. Here, wavelet functions would be firstly used to construct the admitted kernel for SVM according to Mercy theory; then new SVM with this kernel can be used to approximate the target fun-citon with better sparsity than wavelet approxiamtion itself. The results obtained by our simulation ex-periment show the feasibility and validity of wavelet kernel support vector machines.

Classification using wavelet packet decomposition and support vector machine for digital modulations

To make the modulation classification system more suitable for signals in a wide range of signal to noise rate （SNR）, a feature extraction method based on signal wavelet packet transform modulus maxima matrix （WPTMMM） and a novel support vector machine fuzzy network （SVMFN） classifier is presented. The WPTMMM feature extraction method has less computational complexity, more stability, and has the preferable advantage of robust with the time parallel moving and white noise. Further, the SVMFN uses a new definition of fuzzy density that incorporates accuracy and uncertainty of the classifiers to improve recognition reliability to classify nine digital modulation types （i.e. 2ASK, 2FSK, 2PSK, 4ASK, 4FSK, 4PSK, 16QAM, MSK, and OQPSK）. Computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability （success rates are over 98% when SNR is not lower than 0dB）, and it adapts to engineering applications.

Use of Discrete Wavelet Features and Support Vector Machine for Fault Diagnosis of Face Milling Tool

This paper presents the fault diagnosis of face milling tool based on machine learning approach.While machining,spindle vibration signals in feed direction under healthy and faulty conditions of the milling tool are acquired.A set of discrete wavelet features is extracted from the vibration signals using discrete wavelet transform(DWT)technique.The decision tree technique is used to select significant features out of all extracted wavelet features.C-support vector classification(C-SVC)andν-support vector classification(ν-SVC)models with different kernel functions of support vector machine(SVM)are used to study and classify the tool condition based on selected features.From the results obtained,C-SVC is the best model thanν-SVC and it can be able to give 94.5%classification accuracy for face milling of special steel alloy 42CrMo4.

Least-Square Support Vector Machine and Wavelet Selection for Hearing Loss Identification

Hearing loss(HL)is a kind of common illness,which can significantly reduce the quality of life.For example,HL often results in mishearing,misunderstanding,and communication problems.Therefore,it is necessary to provide early diagnosis and timely treatment for HL.This study investigated the advantages and disadvantages of three classical machine learning methods:multilayer perceptron(MLP),support vector machine(SVM),and least-square support vector machine(LS-SVM)approach andmade a further optimization of the LS-SVM model via wavelet entropy.The investigation illustrated that themultilayer perceptron is a shallowneural network,while the least square support vector machine uses hinge loss function and least-square optimizationmethod.Besides,a wavelet selection method was proposed,and we found db4 can achieve the best results.The experiments showed that the LS-SVM method can identify the hearing loss disease with an overall accuracy of three classes as 84.89±1.77,which is superior to SVM andMLP.The results show that the least-square support vector machine is effective in hearing loss identification.

Optimized Complex Power Quality Classifier Using One vs. Rest Support Vector Machines

Nowadays, power quality issues are becoming a significant research topic because of the increasing inclusion of very sensitive devices and considerable renewable energy sources. In general, most of the previous power quality classification techniques focused on single power quality events and did not include an optimal feature selection process. This paper presents a classification system that employs Wavelet Transform and the RMS profile to extract the main features of the measured waveforms containing either single or complex disturbances. A data mining process is designed to select the optimal set of features that better describes each disturbance present in the waveform. Support Vector Machine binary classifiers organized in a “One Vs Rest” architecture are individually optimized to classify single and complex disturbances. The parameters that rule the performance of each binary classifier are also individually adjusted using a grid search algorithm that helps them achieve optimal performance. This specialized process significantly improves the total classification accuracy. Several single and complex disturbances were simulated in order to train and test the algorithm. The results show that the classifier is capable of identifying >99% of single disturbances and >97% of complex disturbances.

Machinery Condition Prediction Based on Support Vector Machine Model with Wavelet Transform

Soft failure of mechanical equipment makes its performance drop gradually,which occupies a large proportion and has certain regularity. The performance can be evaluated and predicted through early state monitoring and data analysis. The vibration signal was modeled from the double row bearing,and wavelet transform and support vector machine model( WT-SVM model) was constructed and trained for bearing degradation process prediction. Besides Hazen plotting position relationships was applied to describing the degradation trend distribution and a 95%confidence level based on t-distribution was given. The single SVM model and neural network( NN) approach were also investigated as a comparison. Results indicate that the WT-SVM model outperforms the NN and single SVM models,and is feasible and effective in machinery condition prediction.

Diagnosis of long QT syndrome via support vector machines classification

Congenital Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic disease and associated with significant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We introduce a noninva-sive procedure in which Discrete Wavelet Trans-form (DWT) is used to extract features from elec-trocardiogram (ECG) time-series data first, then the extracted features data is classified as either abnormal or unaffected using Support Vector Machines (SVM). A total of 26 genetically identified patients with LQTS and 19 healthy controls were studied. Due to the limited number of samples, model selection was done by training 44 instances and testing it on remaining one in each run. The proposed method shows reasonably high average accuracy in LQTS diagnosis when combined with best parameter selection process in the classifica-tion stage. An accuracy of 80%is achieved when Sigmoid kernel is used in v-SVM with parameters v = 0.58 and r = 0.5. The corresponding SVM model showed a classification rate of 21/26 for LQTS pa-tients and 15/19 for controls. Since the diagnosis of LQTS can be challenging, the proposed method is promising and can be a potential tool in the correct diagnosis. The method may be improved further if larger data sets can be obtained and used.

Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine Model for Machinery Fault Diagnoses in High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

According to statistic data,machinery faults contribute to largest proportion of High-voltage circuit breaker failures,and traditional maintenance methods exist some disadvantages for that issue.Therefore,based on the wavelet packet decomposition approach and support vector machines,a new diagnosis model is proposed for such fault diagnoses in this study.The vibration eigenvalue extraction is analyzed through wavelet packet decomposition,and a four-layer support vector machine is constituted as a fault classifier.The Gaussian radial basis function is employed as the kernel function for the classifier.The penalty parameter c and kernel parameterδof the support vector machine are vital for the diagnostic accuracy,and these parameters must be carefully predetermined.Thus,a particle swarm optimizationsupport vector machine model is developed in which the optimal parameters c andδfor the support vector machine in each layer are determined by the particle swarm algorithm.The validity of this fault diagnosis model is determined with a real dataset from the operation experiment.Moreover,comparative investigations of fault diagnosis experiments with a normal support vector machine and a particle swarm optimization back-propagation neural network are also implemented.The results indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis model yields better accuracy and e-ciency than these other models.

Study on flaw identification of ultrasonic signal for large shafts based on optimal support vector machine

Automatic identification of flaws is very important for ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation of large shaft.A novel automatic defect identification system is presented.Wavelet packet analysis(WPA)was applied to feature extraction of ultrasonic signal,and optimal Support vector machine(SVM)was used to perform the identification task.Meanwhile,comparative study on convergent velocity and classified effect was done among SVM and several improved BP network models.To validate the method,some experiments were performed and the results show that the proposed system has very high identification performance for large shafts and the optimal SVM processes better classification performance and spreading potential than BP manual neural network under small study sample condition.

Traffic Sign Recognition Based on CNN and Twin Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model

With the progress of deep learning research, convolutional neural networks have become the most important method in feature extraction. How to effectively classify and recognize the extracted features will directly affect the performance of the entire network. Traditional processing methods include classification models such as fully connected network models and support vector machines. In order to solve the problem that the traditional convolutional neural network is prone to over-fitting for the classification of small samples, a CNN-TWSVM hybrid model was proposed by fusing the twin support vector machine (TWSVM) with higher computational efficiency as the CNN classifier, and it was applied to the traffic sign recognition task. In order to improve the generalization ability of the model, the wavelet kernel function is introduced to deal with the nonlinear classification task. The method uses the network initialized from the ImageNet dataset to fine-tune the specific domain and intercept the inner layer of the network to extract the high abstract features of the traffic sign image. Finally, the TWSVM based on wavelet kernel function is used to identify the traffic signs, so as to effectively solve the over-fitting problem of traffic signs classification. On GTSRB and BELGIUMTS datasets, the validity and generalization ability of the improved model is verified by comparing with different kernel functions and different SVM classifiers.

基于PSO-SVM的Φ-OTDR系统模式识别研究

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer,Φ-OTDR)系统中误报率高的问题,提出一种多域特征提取与粒子群算法优化支持向量机(particle swarm optimization-support vector machine,PSO-SVM)相结合的模式识别算法。首先,对原始信号进行差分处理后提取时域特征,并利用小波包分解方法,通过验证不同分解层数下的事件分类准确率,设定最优分解层数为6层,提取差分信号的能量特征。然后以SVM分类器为基础,利用PSO算法优化SVM分类器参数,提高光纤振动信号识别准确率。最后利用Φ-OTDR事件数据集进行验证,实验结果表明,该模式识别算法达到了95.6%的振动事件分类准确率。

经验小波变换和改进S变换结合的电能质量检测与识别方法

为分析不确定干扰因素影响下的实际电力网络电能质量问题,提出一种经验小波变换(EWT)和改进S变换相结合的电能质量检测与识别方法。该方法一方面利用EWT联合归一化直接正交(NDQ)算法和奇异值分解(SVD)算法准确提取调幅-调频分量的频率、幅值和时间参数,另一方面考虑到EWT算法在高噪声环境下瞬时幅值波动的问题,引入改进S变换提取高噪声干扰下的电能质量扰动时频信息,最后,基于EWT和改进S变换提取的扰动特征向量,利用基于改进粒子群优化算法(IPSO)优化支持向量机(SVM)的电能质量扰动识别分类器实现扰动类型的精确识别。仿真和实验表明所提方法在复合扰动识别分类时平均识别准确率为93.23%,且能够准确识别4种实测扰动信号。

基于FCM和EO-SVM水轮机尾水管压力脉动特征识别

为有效识别水轮机尾水管压力脉动特征,提出了一种基于模糊C均值聚类、平衡优化器算法与支持向量机的识别方法。该方法首先采用平衡优化器算法优化SVM的惩罚因子和核函数以获得更好的SVM参数组合,构建EO-SVM识别模型以实现其在水轮机尾水管压力脉动特征识别中的应用。然后采用模糊C均值聚类算法将待分类的压力脉动特征进行初始聚类,将其分为四类,并依据聚类结果选择最靠近每类中心的样本作为EO-SVM模型的训练样本。将SVM和EO-SVM两种模型的识别分类结果进行比较,验证了所提EO-SVM模型的有效性。

基于多标签Rank-WSVM的复合电能质量扰动分类

该文提出一种多标签排位小波支持向量机(rank wavelet support vector machine,Rank-WSVM),并将其应用于电能质量复合扰动分类中。Rank-WSVM将小波技术与多标签排位支持向量机(Rank-SVM)结合,利用小波的优良特性提高分类器的整体性能。首先,对电能质量扰动信号进行离散小波分解,计算Tsallis小波熵作为特征向量;然后利用所提出的Rank-WSVM多标签分类器进行分类。仿真结果表明,在不同噪声条件下,该方法有效改善了Rank-SVM的分类性能,可有效识别电压暂降、电压暂升、电压短时中断、脉冲暂态、振荡暂态、谐波和闪变等电能质量扰动及其组合而成的复合扰动。

三维荧光光谱融合小波包分解融合Fisher判别分析及支持向量机识别紫苏

为实现紫苏品种的快速鉴别,避免以次充好,选取4个品种的紫苏采集三维荧光数据,提出了一种基于小波包分解融合Fisher判别分析(Fisher discriminant analysis,FDA)的荧光数据特征选择策略,并实施了4种紫苏的有效鉴别。首先,对三维荧光数据进行预处理,采用Delaunay三角形内插值法去除瑞利散射和拉曼散射,以消除它们的不利影响;运用Savitzky-Golar卷积平滑对数据进行平滑处理,以减少噪声的干扰。同时,对三维荧光数据进行初步筛选,去除了荧光强度小于0.01的发射波长。然后,对各激发波长对应的发射光谱进行3层sym4小波包分解,计算得到最低频段的小波包能量值,作为各激发波长光谱数据表征量。接着,再利用FDA对小波包能量进行判别分析,将其所包含的差异性信息进行融合,得到FDA生成的新变量,并选取累计判别能力达到99%的前3个FD变量作为不同品种差异性信息的表征变量,提出三维荧光数据的表征策略。最后,利用BP神经网络(backpropagation neural network,BPNN)和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)两种模式识别算法对表征变量进行分析,得到FDA+BPNN和FDA+SVM两种鉴别结果。FDA+BPNN的训练集正确率为97.5%,测试集正确率为95%;FDA+SVM的训练集和测试集的正确率均达到98.33%。结果表明,三维荧光光谱技术结合小波包分解、FDA和SVM算法基本上能够实现紫苏品种的鉴别。这为后续有关紫苏的进一步检测研究(如某些有效成分的定量检测)提供了研究基础。

基于粒子群优化LS-WSVM的旋转机械故障诊断

为了更好地进行旋转机械故障诊断,提出一种粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)最小二乘小波支持向量机(least square wavelet support vector machine,LS-WSVM)的故障诊断模型。先将故障信号经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)为多个内禀模态分量(intrinsic mode function,IMF)之和,再提取表征故障特征的IMF分量能量构造特征向量输入到PSO优化的LS-WSVM进行故障模式识别。EMD分解可自适应提取故障特征信号,PSO参数优化可快速准确得到LS-WSVM的全局最优参数,提高LS-WSVM的故障诊断精度和自适应诊断能力。通过滚动轴承的故障模拟实验验证了该方法的有效性。

基于小波阈值降噪算法的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承因平稳的运行特性广泛用于工业生产领域,其安全稳定运行对工业生产有重要意义.针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,提出基于小波阈值降噪(wavelet threshold denoising,简称WTD)算法.研究结果表明:相对于其他3种算法,WTD算法具有较强的故障诊断能力.因此,WTD算法具有有效性.

基于三维小波变换的高光谱图像分类算法

针对如何充分利用空间特征来达到较高的高光谱图像分类精度的问题,提出了一种基于三维离散小波变换(3D-DWT)与随机补丁网络(RPNet)结合的高光谱图像的地物属性分类算法。在分类过程中,综合3D-DWT提取的特征和RPNet深度学习框架提取的特征,利用支持向量机(SVM)对特征向量进行分类。所提出的方法在Indian Pines和University of Pavia两个数据集上进行测试,结果表明该方法比现有方法有显著的分类性能的提高。