Layered Structural PBAT Composite Foams for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

The utilization of eco-friendly,lightweight,high-efficiency and high-absorbing electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is imperative in light of the worldwide promotion of sustainable manufacturing.In this work,magnetic poly(butyleneadipate-coterephthalate)(PBAT)microspheres were firstly synthesized via phase separation method,then PBAT composite foams with layered structure was constructed through the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and scraping techniques.The merits of integrating ferroferric oxideloaded multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Fe3O4@MWCNTs)nanoparticles,a microcellular framework,and a highly conductive silver layer have been judiciously orchestrated within this distinctive layered configuration.Microwaves are consumed throughout the process of“absorption-reflection-reabsorption”as much as possible,which greatly declines the secondary radiation pollution.The biodegradable PBAT composite foams achieved an EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 68 dB and an absorptivity of 77%,and authenticated favorable stabilization after the tape adhesion experiment.

THE STRUCTURE CONTROL OF ALUMINUM FOAMS PRODUCED BY POWDER COMPACTED FOAMING PROCESS

A new technique, powder compact foaming process for the production of aluminumfoams has been studied in this article. According to this method, the aluminum pow-der is mixed with a powder foaming agent (TiH_2). Subsequent to mixing, the powderblend is hot compacted to obtain a dense semi--finished product. Upon heating to tem-peratures within the range of the melting point, the foaming agent decomposes to evolvegas and the semi--finished product expands into a porous cellular aluminum. Foamingprocess is the key in this method. Based on experiments, the foaming characteris-tics were mainly analyzed and discussed. Experiments show that the aluminum--foamwith closed pores and a uniform cell structure of high porosity can be obtained usingthis method by adjusting the foaming parameters: the content of foaming agent andfoaming temperature.

Cell structure of microcellular combustible object foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide

In order to solve the issue that the combustible objects for cased telescoped ammunition (CTA) didn't burn completely during the combustion process, the microcellular combustible objects were foamed with numerous cells in the micron order to improve the combustion performance by the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCeCO2) foaming technology. As the cell structure determined the combustion properties of microcellular combustible objects, the solubility of SCeCO2 dissolved into the combustible objects was obtained from the gravimetric method, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was applied to characterize the cell structure under various process conditions of solubility, foaming temperature and foaming time. SEM images indicate that the cell diameter of microcellular combustible objects is in the level of 1 mm and the cell density is about 1011 cell,cm^-3. The microcellular combustible objects fabricated by the SCeCO2 foaming technology are smooth and uniform, and the high specific surface area of cell structure can lead to the significant combustion performance of microcellular combustible object for CTA in the future.

Effect of Cellular Structure on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Curing Materials

Based on the mechanical properties and microstructure of polyurethane foam solidified material, a two-dimensional model of polyurethane foam solidified material was constructed. Polyurethane foam was obtained by fully and uniformly mixing the two components. The research was carried out through the combination of experimental test and finite element simulation. The experimental results show that when the pore density is constant, the size of the bubble hole is an important factor affecting the mechanical properties of the model. The smaller the size of the bubble hole, the less likely it is to produce stress concentration inside the model, and the stronger the resistance to material deformation. Under the random distribution, the lower the density of the polyurethane cured material, the higher the probability of damage between the adjacent bubbles, which is not conducive to the stability of the material. The density of the cured material should not be lower than 199 kg/m^3.

Structured hierarchical Mn–Co mixed oxides supported on silicalite-1 foam catalyst for catalytic combustion

Silicalite-1(S1)foam was functionalized by supporting manganese-cobalt(Mn-Co)mixed oxides to develop the structured hierarchical catalyst(Mn-Co@SlF)for catalytic combustion for the first time.The self-supporting S1 foam with hierarchical porosity was prepared via hydrothermal synthesis with polyurethane(PU)foam as the template.Subsequently,Mn-Co oxide nano sheets were uniformly grown on the surface of S1 foams under hydrothermal conditions to prepare the structured hierarchical catalyst with specific surface area of 354 m^2·g^-1,micropore volume of 0.141 cm^3·g^-1 and total pore volume of 0.217 cm3·g^-1,as well as a good capacity to adsorb toluene(1.7 mmol·g^-1 at p/p0=0.99).Comparative catalytic combustion of toluene of over developed structured catalyst Mn-Co@SlF was performed against the control catalysts of bulk Mn-Co@S1(i.e.,the crushed Mn-Co@SlF)and unsupported Mn-Co oxides(i.e.,Mn-Co).Mn-Co@SlF exhibited comparatively the best catalytic performance,that is,complete and stable toluene conversion at 2480 C over 65 h due to the synergy between Mn-Co oxides and S1 foam,which provided a large number of oxygen vacancies,high redox capacity.In addition,the hierarchical porous structure also improved the accessibility of active sites and facilitated the global mass transfer across the catalyst bed,being beneficial to the catalysis and catalyst longevity.

Analysis of Reflection Characteristics for Foam Filled Grid Structure

The reflection characteristics of gird structures are calculated by the spatial network method in the case of normal incidence plane electromagnetic wave. The numerical result shows that the grid panels without electromagnetic wave absorbing foams are not ideal. However, the absorbing ability can be achieved as low as -25 dBsm from 8 GHz to 12 GHz when the grid cells are filled with foam absorbers. Also it is noted from computation that the foam filled grid structures with larger cell size, higher and thinner ribs will improve the absorbing abilities, which illustrates that they can be used as the effective light-weight stealth structures for aeronautical application.

Liquid-solid mass transfer in a rotating packed bed reactor with structured foam packing

A rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor is a barrier for its design and scale-up. In this work, the liquid–solid mass transfer in a RPB reactor installed with structured foam packing was experimentally studied using copper dissolution by potassium dichromate. Effects of rotational speed, liquid and gas volumetric flow rate on the liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient(kLS) have been investigated. The correlation for predicting kLSwas proposed, and the deviation between the experimental and predicted values was within±12%. The liquid–solid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLSaLS) ranged from 0.04–0.14 1^-1, which was approximately 5 times larger than that in the packed bed reactor. This work lays the foundation for modeling of the RPB reactor packed with structured foam packing for heterogeneous catalytic reaction.

Cell-structure and mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum foam

The density, cell size and structure of closed-cell aluminum foam were measured by optical microscopy and image analysis. The properties and the mechanism of compressive deformation that occur in closed-cell aluminum foam were measured and discussed. The results show that the cell size of foam with density of 0.37 mg/m^3 is distributed in the range of 0.5 4.0 mm. The cell size of foam with density of 0.33 mg/m^3 is distributed in the range of 0.55.0 mm. The cell wall thickness of both types is 0.10.3 mm. The closed-cell aluminum foam almost belongs to isotropic one, with a variation of ±15% in elastic modulus and yield strength in longitudinal and transverse direction. Under compressive loading, foam materials show inhomogeneous macroscopic deformation. The site of the onset of local plastic deformation depends on the cell structure. The shape of cell is more important than size in determining the yielding susceptibility of the cells. At early stage of deformation,the deformation is localized in narrow bands having width of one cells diameter, and outside the bands the cell still remains the original shape. The cells within bands experience large permanent deformation. The band normals are usually within 20° of the loading axis.

EFFECT OF La-RICH RE ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF B319 ALLOY IN LOST FOAM CASTING

By use of ICP spectroscopy, energy spectrum analysis, hydrogen tester, image analyzer, the differential scanning calorimetric(DSC) and microscope analysis, the effects of RE on the Porosity, structure and properties of B319 aluminum alloy were studied. The results show that under the 0.3 °C /s slow cooling rate in lost foam casting, the effect of RE on modification and grain size of B319 aluminum alloy is little. With the increase of RE master alloy, the tensile strength and elongation increase. When RE>0.15%, block like La 2Si 2Al 3 phase appear, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease. The results also show that the melt hydrogen content and casting porosity can be decreased greatly by adding 0.15% RE to aluminum melt. This is the important reason why RE improves the mechanical properties of casting under lost foam casting condition.

Phase-Field Modeling for the Three-Dimensional Space-Filling Structure of Metal Foam Materials

Phase-field modeling for three-dimensional foam structures is presented. The foam structure, which is generally applicable for porous material design, is geometrically approximated with a space-filling structure, and hence, the analysis of the space-filling structure was performed using the phase field model. An additional term was introduced to the conventional multi-phase field model to satisfy the volume constraint condition. Then, the equations were numerically solved using the finite difference method, and simulations were carried out for several nuclei settings. First, the nuclei were set on complete lattice points for a bcc or fcc arrangement, with a truncated hexagonal structure, which is known as a Kelvin cell, or a rhombic dodecahedron being obtained, respectively. Then, an irregularity was introduced in the initial nuclei arrangement. The results revealed that the truncated hexagonal structure was stable against a slight irregularity, whereas the rhombic polyhedral was destroyed by the instability. Finally, the nuclei were placed randomly, and the relaxation process of a certain cell was traced with the result that every cell leads to a convex polyhedron shape.

Self-Repairing Membranes for Inflatable Structures Inspired by a Rapid Wound Sealing Process of Climbing Plants

A new self-repairing membrane for inflatable light weight structures such as rubber boats or Tensairity constructions is presented. Inspired by rapid self-sealing processes in plants, a thin soft cellular polyurethane foam coating is applied on the inside of a fabric substrate, which closes the fissure if the membrane is punctured with a spike. Experimental tests are carried out with a purpose built setup by measuring the air mass flow through a leak in a damaged membrane sample. It is shown that the weight per unit area of the self-repairing foam as well as the curing of the two component PU-foam under an overpressure influence the repair efficiency. Curing the foam under overpressure affects the relative density as well as the microstructure of the foam coatings. Maximal median repair efficiencies of 0.999 have been obtained with 0.16 g.cm 2 foam cured at 1 bar overpressure. These results suggest that the bio-inspired technique has the potential to extend the functional integrity of injured inflatable structures dramatically.

电动飞机蒙皮结构的冲击损伤试验与优化设计

飞机蒙皮结构常受到冰雹、维修碰撞等低能冲击,机身结构易出现损伤,引发飞机性能减退。为了提高蒙皮结构的抗冲击性能,结合Hashin失效准则建立了一种复合材料泡沫夹层结构低速冲击有限元等效模型,并利用超声C扫描对冲击后的复合材料泡沫夹层进行无损检测,试验结果表明,与无损检测结果相比较,模拟结果的误差低于10%,证明了该冲击等效模型的合理性。最后利用该有限元等效模型对某型电动飞机机身复合材料泡沫夹层蒙皮结构进行优化设计,以提高抗冲击能力、减小吸收的破坏能量、降低结构损伤程度为目标,在相同铺层数量下,得到了最优的复合材料泡沫夹层结构铺层设计方案。

聚酯纤维泡沫混凝土力学性能及孔结构研究

纤维的掺加可有效地改善泡沫混凝土抗压强度低、脆性特征显著的缺陷,增强其工程适用性。本工作针对聚酯纤维对泡沫混凝土力学性能的改善开展试验研究,选定密度等级为700 kg/m3的泡沫混凝土,考虑不同纤维体积掺量(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%)对其抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及延性的影响。结果表明:纤维掺量为0.1%时,材料表现出较优的抗压和劈裂抗拉性能,28 d强度分别增加了86.4%和91.3%;纤维掺量为0.2%时,材料表现出较优的抗折性能,28 d抗折强度提升了39.1%。试样破坏形态和应力-应变曲线表明,聚酯纤维可有效地提升泡沫混凝土的延性。最后,运用图像分析处理法分别获得了五组试件的孔结构参数,从细观孔结构的角度讨论了聚酯纤维对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响机理。

粉煤灰-矿渣基泡沫地聚合物微观孔隙结构与宏观性能

以粉煤灰和矿渣为主要原材料,H_(2)O_(2)为发泡剂,通过碱激发方法制备粉煤灰-矿渣基泡沫地聚合物.研究碱激发剂模数和粉煤灰掺量对泡沫地聚合物微观孔隙结构、抗压强度及导热系数的影响.基于X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜和CT扫描分析了反应产物和孔隙结构参数对泡沫地聚合物性能影响的内在机理.同时,基于灰色关联分析得到泡沫地聚合物的孔隙结构参数与其导热系数和强度的相关关系.结果表明:泡沫地聚合物的导热系数主要由孔隙率决定,两者呈指数负相关;泡沫地聚合物的抗压强度与孔隙连通度、孔隙率、平均孔径及分级孔隙占比有关,其中孔隙连通度和孔隙率影响最显著.

利用电石渣替代水泥开发固碳胶凝材料

本研究利用电石渣替代部分水泥,制备新型固碳胶凝材料,研究了不同电石渣含量的胶凝材料对600 kg/m3等级泡沫混凝土的基础性能及固碳性能的影响。研究表明:电石渣的掺入导致泡沫混凝土气孔变大,28 d抗压强度先升高后降低,保温性能提高;当电石渣取代10%水泥,制备出的泡沫混凝土干密度为595 kg/m3,28 d抗压强度比未掺加电石渣的提高4.2%,达5.0 MPa;当电石渣取代50%水泥,制备出的泡沫混凝土导热系数比未掺加电石渣的降低17.1%,为1.131 W·m-1·K-1。电石渣掺加有利于改善泡沫混凝土收缩,当电石渣掺量增加,泡沫混凝土先呈现收缩减小后出现膨胀。碳化养护不仅能够固化封存CO_(2),还能提高泡沫混凝土的力学性能与保温性能。电石渣掺量越高,泡沫混凝土固碳能力越强,电石渣掺量为50%时,CO_(2)的捕获量达到46.02 wt%。

基于LBM的泡沫金属与翅片相变储能系统性能对比分析

为了研究翅片和泡沫金属铜对相变储能系统性能的影响,使用四参数随机生长法(QSGS)构建了孔隙密度(PPI)分别为20PPI、30PPI的泡沫铜复合相变材料模型,并构建了等铜质量的翅片相变材料模型。在此基础上,采用格子玻尔兹曼(LBM)数值模拟方法对相变材料(PCM)的储/放热过程进行了数值模拟,基于努塞尔数、液相率、PCM流动速度、PCM熔化/凝固时间对比分析了添加翅片以及添加泡沫金属结构对相变材料换热性能的影响。结果表明,在储热过程中,由于泡沫金属的存在会抑制熔化过程中对流换热的发展,双翅片结构的努塞尔数高于泡沫金属结构,熔化时间更短,相比于20PPI、30PPI泡沫铜复合相变材料分别缩短了28.55%、17.5%;在放热过程中,泡沫金属的存在会增加热传导面积,泡沫金属结构的凝固速度高于翅片结构,30PPI泡沫金属结构的凝固时间相比于翅片、20PPI泡沫铜复合相变材料分别缩短了65.80%、20.24%。综合考虑储放热两个过程,30PPI泡沫金属结构的总储放热时间最短,相比于翅片、20PPI泡沫铜复合相变材料分别缩短了27.81%、15.32%。在耗费相同金属材料的条件下,采用泡沫结构是更为有效的提升储能效率的手段。

不同打发状态蛋清泡沫及其凝胶特性的比较

蛋清具有良好的起泡性和凝胶性,其在充气食品中具有难以取代的地位。为研究不同状态蛋清泡沫凝胶的理化性质,该文在室温条件下以恒定搅拌速率(980 r/min)制备了不同打发状态(打发时间为0、50、70和90 s)的蛋清泡沫,并测定了蛋清泡沫的理化特性。随后将不同打发时间的蛋清泡沫加热固化,制备了蛋清泡沫凝胶,通过显微观察、色度、质构和流变分析考察了蛋清泡沫凝胶的特性。实验结果表明,在恒定的搅拌速率下蛋清泡沫的气泡状态会随打发时间的变化而变化。适当延长打发时间,有利于形成比重较低的(0.16~0.17)、具有高起泡性和泡沫稳定性的固态泡沫。打发70 s的蛋清泡沫(蛋清泡沫呈小弯钩状,比重为0.165)稳定性最佳,且经加热固化后,该蛋清泡沫凝胶的亮度(L^(*)=90.28)显著升高,硬度(27.69 g)和弹性(0.78 mm)显著降低(P<0.05),凝胶性质优良。结果揭示了蛋清泡沫的流变学性质能显著影响蛋清泡沫及其凝胶的性能,为蛋清泡沫在充气食品中的应用提供了理论参考。

聚丙烯复合开孔泡沫材料的制备与重复吸油性能

本文将聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-COOH)在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混,结合超临界二氧化碳(scCO_(2))微孔发泡技术制备用于油水分离应用领域的高发泡倍率、高开孔率的PP复合泡沫材料。通过复合材料的相形态、流变、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、scCO_(2)发泡和重复吸油测试对复合材料的微观结构、黏弹性、结晶性、微孔发泡行为和重复吸油性能展开研究。PS和MWCNT-COOH可以协同提高PP基体的熔体强度,MWCNT-COOH对PP结晶的促进作用强于PS。在PS和MWCNT-COOH协同异相成核作用下,含有10%质量分数的PS、1%质量分数的MWCNT-COOH的PP复合泡沫材料的泡孔密度为4.5×10^(8)个/cm^(3),发泡倍率为22.5倍,开孔率为89%,对硅油和环己烷的最大吸油量分别为19、13.4 g/g,10次循环压缩后泡沫永久形变仅为25%,吸油量分别仍能达到13.8、10.1 g/g。

泡沫凝胶稳定性及其结构演化特征研究

泡沫凝胶是一种高效的煤自燃防治材料,该材料结合了泡沫的流动性和堆积性、凝胶的耐温性等防灭火特性。本文从泡沫凝胶的形成原理、结构演化、稳定性和流动性等阐述了泡沫凝胶的防灭火特征。泡沫凝胶主要由发泡剂、交联剂和水等通过物理发泡和成胶反应后形成,其形成过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段为物理发泡,形成泡沫液;第二阶段将交联剂加入泡沫,通过胶凝反应后生成泡沫凝胶。第一阶段泡沫凝胶主要体现泡沫的流动性和堆积性,第二阶段随着胶体量的增加,泡沫凝胶体现胶体的耐温性,同时可通过交联剂的添加量控制凝胶的成胶时间。泡沫凝胶的基础结构与水基泡沫的结构相同,不同的是凝胶颗粒构成了泡沫凝胶的基础骨架,减缓了重力排液和泡沫歧化速率。泡沫凝胶结构的演化过程包括液膜破裂、成胶和骨架坍塌等,最终形成凝胶层充填遗煤裂隙。泡沫凝胶在采空区中的流动受注浆压力、重力和阻力的综合作用,横向流动速度大于纵向流动速度,其扩散前峰轮廓线为椭球形。本文研究成果为泡沫凝胶的科学应用提供了有力支撑。

花岗岩废料与玻璃废渣制备发泡陶瓷的研究

本文以花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣为原料、SiC为发泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了高孔隙率、低吸水率的全固废发泡陶瓷,探究了花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣配合比、烧结温度、发泡剂掺量对发泡陶瓷孔结构及性能的影响。结果表明:花岗岩废料形成了发泡陶瓷的骨架结构,玻璃废渣具有助熔作用;当玻璃废渣掺量为20%(质量分数)时,烧结温度降低了40℃。在1110~1150℃下制备的发泡陶瓷抗压强度为2.23~0.41 MPa,体积密度为468.41~326.31 kg/m^(3),孔隙率为79.15%~86.81%,吸水率为0.96%~1.00%,平均孔径为0.49~1.43 mm,实现了对发泡陶瓷孔径的有效调控,满足了不同应用场景对发泡陶瓷不同孔径的需求。本研究为花岗岩废料和玻璃废渣的规模化利用及不同孔径发泡陶瓷的制备提供了技术支持。