Measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling

Rock drilling is an essential operation in mining industries.Temperature at the bit-rock interface plays a major role in the wear rate of the drill bit.This paper primarily focuses on the wear rate of tungsten carbide(WC)drill bit and the interrelationship between temperature and wear rate during rotary drilling operations conducted using a computer numerical control(CNC)machine.The interrelationship between the temperature and wear rate was studied with regard to three types of rock samples,i.e.,fine-grained sandstone(FG)of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)that is 17.83 MPa,medium-grained sandstone(MG)of UCS that is 13.70 MPa,and fine-grained sandstone pink(FGP)of UCS that is 51.67 MPa.Wear rate of the drill bit has been measured using controlled parameters,i.e.,drill bit diameter(6,8,10,12,and 16 mm),spindle speed(250,300,350,400,and 450 rpm),and penetration rate(2,4,6,8,and 10 mm/min),respectively.Further,a fully instrumented laboratory drilling set-up was utilized.The weight of each bit was measured after the bit reached 30 mm depth in each type of the rock sample.Furthermore,effects of the bit-rock interface temperature and operational parameters on wear rate of the drill bits were examined.The results show that the wear rate of drill bits increased with an increase in temperature for all the bit-rock combinations considered.This is due to the silica content of the rock sample,which leads to an increase in the frictional heat between the bit-rock interfaces.However,in case of medium-grained sandstone,the weight percentage(wt%)of SiO2 is around 7.23 wt%,which presents a very low wear rate coefficient of 6.33×10^–2 mg/(N?m).Moreover,the temperature rise during drilling is also minimum,i.e.,around 74℃,in comparison to that of fine-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone pink.In addition,this paper develops the relationship between temperature and wear rate characteristics by employing simple linear regression analysis.

High-temperature Thermal Properties and Wear Behavior of Basalt as Heat Storage Material for Concentrated Solar Power Plants

The microstructures,components,thermal stability,specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of basalt sample were studied.Besides,as a comprehensive result of thermal expansion and contraction process,both the friction coefficient and wear rate of the basalt sample were also characterized.Our results indicate that basalt is an excellent candidate to be used as thermal energy storage material for concentrated solar power plants,and also provide a strategy for solar energy utilization in volcanic area with excellent geographical environment.

Sintering and Wear Behavior of a FeCrCB Hardfacing Alloy Applied by Tape Casting: A Study of Cooling Rate Effect

This study presents a simple process to deposit a hardfacing coating on a steel substrate, based on the sintering of metallic powder applied by tape casting (by a slurry of metallic powder suspension onto a steel substrate) thus avoiding the use of traditional welding processes and their variants. The effect of the cooling of hardfacing after the sintering process, by air at room temperature or by quenching in water, was studied. This new method ensures a good metallurgical bonding between the substrate steel and the hardfacing layer and shows mechanical property improvement on coated pieces, similar to those exhibited by hardfacing coatings produced by several kinds of welding processes. The characterization of the hardfacing coatings was made by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness and wear resistance according to the ASTM G65 standard. The characterization results show that the presented faces are: M7C3, M3C, MC, M2B and M23B6;there are three different phases in the micrograph glass phase, eutectic phase and hard phase with a volumetric fraction of 0.14, 0.20 and 0.66, respectively, for the air cooled and 0.15, 0.16 and 0.69 when quenched in water. The average microhardness value for the parts cooled in air was 832.5 HV and for that cooled in water was 958.9 HV, and the wear resistance was a mass loss of 0.219 and 0.128 g for parts cooled in air and water, respectively. These results show that the hardfacing coating could have twice the hardness and wear resistance than that observed for the boron steel used as a substrate.

Effect of Cooling Rate after hot Deformation on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Wear Resistance Cast iron

The effect of cooling rate after 40% hot deformation on structure and mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistance cast iron was investigated by metallographic, scanning electron microscopes and detection of properties. The results show that for the cast steel after deformed, the amount of granular carbides of precipitation during the cooling decreased with the increase of the cooling rate, but the hardness was obviously enhanced, as a result, better mechanical properties will be obtained by force air cooling(cooling rate is about 7 ℃·s-1). And the reason of the change for structure and mechanical properties of the cast steel were analyzed.

Effect of Cooling Rate on Structure and Properties of Wear-Resistant Low Chromium Cast Iron after Hot Deformation

The effect of cooling rate on structure and properties of wear-resistant low chromium cast iron after 40% hot deformation was investigated by metallographic and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the cooling rate is closely related to the structure and properties, and for the cast iron, the best comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained by forced air cooling with a cooling rate as about 7 ℃/s. The reason and regularity for the change of mechanical properties were analyzed.

多物理场下超薄吸波磨耗层微波加热性能研究

微波加热技术在沥青路面除冰中的应用得到了广泛的关注,然而目前多对沥青路面整体进行微波加热增强,从而导致路表加热效率提升缓慢。为了进一步提高沥青路面路表的微波加热性能,采用碳化硅(SiC)微波增强集料制备了一种超薄吸波磨耗层,通过微波加热以及除冰试验分析了超薄吸波磨耗层的微波加热性能以及加热耐久性,确定了超薄吸波磨耗层的最佳厚度。并采用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件建立了多物理场沥青混凝土微波加热模型,分析了超薄吸波磨耗层的设置对微波加热过程中电磁场的强度与分布以及温度场的影响。研究结果表明:在2.45 GHz频率的微波加热下,超薄吸波磨耗层具有良好的微波加热性能,10 mm厚的超薄吸波磨耗层的微波加热效率相比于普通沥青混合料以及整体微波增强的沥青混合料提高了4.47倍和1.40倍。SiC稳定的微波吸收性能保证了超薄吸波磨耗层具有良好的微波除冰耐久性,在经过反复的微波加热除冰后超薄吸波磨耗层的除冰时间仍然可以保持在45 s左右。数值仿真模拟结果表明超薄吸波磨耗层较强的微波吸收能力可以局部增强试件表层的电磁场强度,从而使更高的温度分布在试件表层。超薄吸波磨耗层内部的电场强度和磁场强度分别比普通沥青混合料试件提高了50.9%和15.7%。综上可知,超薄吸波磨耗层的设置可以提高沥青路面表面的微波加热性能。

Si_(3)N_(4)/PTFE复合材料转移膜形貌与磨损率定量分析

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基复合材料摩擦转移膜对其摩擦学性能有着决定性影响,转移膜形貌与磨损率定量关系对PTFE基复合材料的摩擦学性能优化有重要意义。文章对Si_(3)N_(4)/PTFE复合材料转移膜膜厚与覆盖率进行定量表征并建立两者与磨损率的函数关系。结果表明:转移膜最大厚度和覆盖率均与复合材料磨损率之间有较高的拟合度,最大厚度与覆盖率在转移膜不同形貌时对复合材料磨损率的影响起不同作用;转移膜最大厚度大于0.319μm时,其最大厚度的增加对提高复合材料磨损变化起主导作用;转移膜最大厚度小于0.319μm时,覆盖率的增加对降低复合材料的磨损起主导作用。

地铁车辆车轮磨耗和镟修策略研究

[目的]车轮磨耗对地铁车辆的振动环境有直接影响,异常磨耗严重时引发车辆结构疲劳超限,降低列车运行的安全性,故有必要研究地铁车辆车轮磨耗和镟修策略,以提高地铁车辆车轮运维的水平。[方法]以国内某型地铁车辆作为研究对象,分析了地铁车辆车轮磨耗规律;根据地铁车辆车轮磨耗模型和车轮剩余寿命预测,分析了车轮关键参数在不同运营阶段的变化特征;综合仿真模型和实测数据的结果,提出了运维策略的优化方案。[结果及结论]运营前期车轮损耗量中镟修占比较高,随着轮轨匹配性的改善,轮轨磨耗取代镟修损耗成为轮轨的主要磨耗方式;适当降低轮轨摩擦因数和运营速度有利于降低轮轨磨耗功率;采用小等级镟修方法和灵活进刀量有效降低了车轮径向损耗量,延迟了车轮服役寿命。研究结果可为地铁线路轮轨磨耗的减缓和车轮镟修技术的优化提供应对措施。

Dry sliding wear behavior of an extruded Mg-Dy-Zn alloy with long period stacking ordered phase

The dry sliding wear behavior of extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn alloy(at.%)was investigated using a pin-on-disk configuration.The friction coefficient and wear rate were measured within a load range 20-760 N at a sliding velocity of 0.785 m/s.Microstructure and wear surface of alloy were examined using scanning electron microscopy.The mechanical properties of alloy were tested at room and elevated temperatures.Five wear mechanisms,namely abrasion,oxidation,delamination,thermal softening and melting dominated the whole wear behavior with increasing applied load.The extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn alloy exhibited the better wear resistance as compared with as-cast Mg_(97)Zn_(1)Y_(2) alloy under the given conditions through contact surface temperature analysis.The improved wear resistance was mainly related to fine grain size,good thermal stability of long period stacking order(LPSO)phase and excellent higher-temperature mechanical properties.

STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE ON THE WEAR AND FRICTION OF THE C/Cu COMPOSITE MATERIAL

研究了Ｃ／Ｃｕ复合材料的摩擦磨损性能．通过在块－环型摩擦试验机上进行试验，得出在轻微磨损状态下，复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随压强增大而缓慢增大．电子显微镜观察和电子探针分析表明，摩擦面间形成了一层表面膜，这层膜具有一定的自润滑性和阻碍粘附发生的作用，这是使摩擦系数和磨损率保持较低水平的根本原因．

品管圈模式在提高乳腺癌根治术后患者义乳知识中的应用

目的提高乳腺癌根治术后患者对义乳知识的知晓率及佩戴率,改善其生活质量,规范科室义乳的宣教,提升专科护理内涵。方法根据品管圈模式(QCC)管理的十大步骤,收集改善措施实施前的2021年12月1日至2022年1月15日乳腺癌根治术后患者对义乳的知晓率、佩戴率及原因,用鱼骨图、柏拉图等方法分析导致义乳知晓率低、佩戴率低的主要真因;收集导入改善措施后2022年5月1日至2022年6月15日义乳知晓率及佩戴率情况,分析对应的改进措施,评价措施的有效性。患者在出院时完成义乳知晓率调查问卷。结果应用QCC管理模式后乳腺癌根治术后患者义乳知识的知晓率由47.82%提高到86.95%,义乳佩戴率由31.81%提高到59.09%。结论QCC管理模式能提高乳腺癌根治术后患者义乳知识的知晓率及佩戴率,改善护理服务质量,提升患者满意度。

Correlation between test temperature, applied load and wear transition of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy

Dry sliding wear tests were performed on Mg97 Zn1 Y2 alloy at various temperatures of 20,50,100,150 and 200°C using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine in order to reveal mild-severe(M-S)wear transition mechanism during elevated-temperature wear testing.It was shown that at each test temperature,the wear rate increased with increasing load,and all wear rate-load curves demonstrated two distinct stages i.e.mild and severe wear stages.The predominant wear mechanisms operating in mild and severe wear stages were analyzed,and they were indicated in the mild and severe wear regimes of a wear mechanism transition map,respectively.M-S wear transition mechanism was analyzed by comparison of microstructure transformation and hardness change in subsurfaces of samples tested in mild and severe wear stages,from which M-S wear transition mechanism was confirmed as softening of surface material arising from dynamic recrystallization(DRX)microstructure transformation.The M-S wear transition load was found to have a linear relationship with test temperature,and decreased with rising test temperature.M-S wear transition obeyed a critical surface DRX temperature(SDT)criterion under given conditions,and the transition loads were estimated at various test temperatures by using the criterion.

Cu基粉末冶金摩擦材料激光熔覆及摩擦特性研究

针对传统烧结压制成型的离合器摩擦片磨损率过高和摩擦层粘结稳定性不足而引起的脱落等问题,采用激光熔覆工艺制造方法,选取Laserline LDF 6000-100半导体激光器,对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料的熔覆层进行制备。对制备的摩擦片进行了SEM测试与分析,并应用MM-3000型性能试验机进行摩擦性能和磨损试验测试,研究了经激光熔覆工艺制备的湿式离合器在典型工况条件下的摩擦特性。结果表明:经激光熔覆技术制备的摩擦层组织致密、无明显裂纹缺陷,具有良好的耐磨性能,相较于烧结压制工艺摩擦片磨损率降低了59.76%;不同接合压力下的最大滑摩功均随转速的增加而增加;摩擦转矩在离合器完全结合后能迅速达到最大值,此时等效摩擦系数也相应达到极值。

气囊抛光中抛光垫表面沟槽结构对轴承套圈抛光质量的影响

为研究圆柱形气囊抛光中抛光垫表面沟槽结构对GCr15轴承钢抛光质量的影响,通过Fluent软件分析沟槽结构对抛光液流速和动压力的影响,并优化沟槽结构参数,进一步开展GCr15轴承钢套圈内表面定点气囊抛光试验,研究沟槽结构对抛光垫磨损行为、材料去除率和工件表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:V形沟槽抛光垫的抛光效果优于无沟槽、栅格形沟槽和斜沟槽抛光垫,比无沟槽抛光垫磨损量降低了42.37%,最大材料去除率提高了17.04%,表面粗糙度降低了16.32%。

路面人造纹理定向设计及其抗滑性能研究

【目的】研究路面表面人造纹理与抗滑性能之间的关系。【方法】利用3D打印技术定向设计并制备不同形状的人造纹理试件(包含三角形纹理、矩形纹理和半圆形纹理3种形状和纹理高度为1、2、3、4、5 mm的5种纹理),并以4 mm高的三角形纹理设置了一组磨耗纹理试件,采用摆式摩擦试验、构造深度试验以及提取纹理顶部接触区域对各个试件的抗滑性能进行评价。【结果】2 mm高的三角形纹理和3 mm高的矩形纹理的抗滑性能最好,摆值均可达到107。在构造深度和摆值两个方面,三角形纹理和矩形纹理的抗滑性能相近,且均明显大于半圆形纹理的抗滑性能。随着磨损率的增大,摩擦接触面积增大,但纹理表面粗糙程度降低,导致抗滑性能逐渐衰减。【结论】纹理的抗滑性能主要取决于纹理的粗糙程度,而接触面积的影响相对较小。本文提供了一种定向纹理设计方法,为深入理解路面表面纹理与抗滑性能之间的关系提供借鉴与指导。

W型火焰锅炉炉内气流组织优化及模拟研究

利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件,建立W型火焰锅炉数值模型,研究冷态试验前后,炉内气流组织变化以及飞灰冲蚀和炉膛壁面磨损情况。研究结果表明:经冷态试验优化气流组织,可以得到良好的W形态;调平后炉膛内部流场优化,炉膛内部整体磨损情况改善,磨损速率由调平前的4×10^(-6)kg/(m^(2)·s)降低到1.5×10^(-6)kg/(m^(2)·s);合理的气流组织对炉膛壁面的磨损影响较大,调平前波动幅度最大达到25×10^(-7)kg/(m^(2)·s),调平后波动幅度则在5×10^(-7)kg/(m^(2)·s),合理配风是保证炉膛壁面磨损减弱的重要因素。

生物友好矿粉基免烧陶粒制备及性能研究

为提高生物亲和性矿粉在陶粒制备过程中的多元化应用,为水处理技术和过滤介质的改进提供参考和指导,本研究采用石英砂、沸石粉和火山石制备免烧陶粒,通过单因素分析确定初始原材料配比。结果表明,3种陶粒性能相近,但石英砂陶粒成本更低。采用响应面法分析得出,当石英砂、低碱水泥、硅灰粉和木质纤维质量比为64∶36∶21∶6时,石英砂陶粒性能最优,含泥量为0.62%,空隙率为41.32%,磨损率为0.16%,筒压强度为3.52 MPa,比表面积为12.01 m^(2)/g。

Analysis of Wear Mechanism and Influence Factors of Drum Segment of Hot Rolling Coiler

Because the work environment of segment is complex, and the wear failures usually happen, the wear mechanism corresponding to the load is a key factor for the solution of this problem. At present, many researchers have investigated the failure of segment, but have not taken into account the compositive influences of matching and coiling process. To investigate the wear failure of the drum segment of the hot rolling coiler, the MMU-5G abrasion tester is applied to simulate the wear behavior under different temperatures, different loads and different stages, and the friction coefficients and wear rates are acquired. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） is used to observe the micro-morphology of worn surface, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） is used to analyze the chemical composition of worn surface, finally the wear mechanism of segment in working process is judged and the influence regulars of the environmental factors on the material wear behaviors are found. The test and analysis results show that under certain load, the wear of the segment changes into oxidation wear from abrasive wear step by step with the temperature increases, and the wear degree reduces; under certain temperature, the main wear mechanism of segment changes into spalling wear from abrasive wear with the load increases, and the wear degree slightly increases. The proposed research provides a theoretical foundation and a practical reference for optimizing the wear behavior and extending the working life of segment.