Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China

According to national early warning practice for geo-hazards from 2003 to 2005,it is systematically concluded that the basic characteristics of geo-hazards,early warning method and forecast result based on the geological maps of China in a scale 1∶6 000 000.With the contrast of different characters between sustained rainfall and typhoon rainfall inducing geo-hazards,the disaster reduction result and some problems are preliminarily analyzed.Some basic recognition is that early warning to geo-hazards is feasible,national scale forecast is only to call attention,but can't immediately be used to disaster reduction decision-making.And,the future direction is to build a united disaster reduction framework of early warning system including national,provincial and county levels based on weather factors in different scale of area.

Study on Assessment of the Disastrous Weather Warning Service Benefit

Assessment of the disastrous weather warning service benefit has important guidance significance for improving meteorological forecast capability and meteorological service level. Meanwhile, it is also weak link of the current meteorological work. Took Beibei District of Chongqing as an example, by analyzing issuance of the rainstorm warning signal from 2008 to now, its disastrous weather warning service benefit was evaluated. Result showed that assessment of the disastrous weather warning service benefit should be studied from forecast accuracy, forecast timeliness, forecast coverage and disaster prevention capability.

Simulation and forecasting of fishery weather based on statistical machine learning

As the new generation of artificial intelligence(AI)continues to evolve,weather big data and statistical machine learning(SML)technologies complement each other and are deeply integrated to significantly improve the processing and forecasting accuracy of fishery weather.Accurate fishery weather services play a crucial role in fishery production,serving as a great safeguard for economic benefits and personal safety,enabling fishermen to carry out fishery production better,and contributing to the sustainable development of the fishery industry.The objective of this paper is to offer an understanding of the present state of research and development in SML technology for simulating and forecasting fishery weather.Specifically,we analyze the current state of research and technical features of SML in weather and summarize the applications of SML in simulation and forecasting of fishery weather,which mainly include three aspects:fishery weather scenario generation,fishery weather forecasting,and fishery extreme weather warning.We also illustrate the main technical means and principles of SML technology.Finally,we summarize the most advanced SML fields and provide an outlook on their application value in the field of fishery weather.

Anticipation and Response: Emergency Services in Severe Weather Situations in Germany

Communicating meteorological uncertainty allows earlier provision of information on possible future events. The desired benefit is to enable the end-user to start with preparatory protective actions at an earlier time based on the end-user's own risk assessment and decision threshold. The presented results of an interview study,conducted with 27 members of German civil protection authorities, show that developments in meteorology and weather forecasting do not necessarily fit the current practices of German emergency services. These practices are mostly carried out based on alarms and ground truth in a superficial reactive manner, rather than on anticipation based on prognoses or forecasts. Emergency managers cope with uncertainty by collecting, comparing, and blending different information about an uncertain event and its uncertain outcomes within the situation assessment to validate the information. Emergency managers struggle most with an increase of emergency calls and missions due to the impacts of severe weather. Because of the additional expenditures, the weather event makes it even harder for them to fulfill their core duties. These findings support the need for impact-based warnings.

Weather Information Acquisition and Health Significance during Extreme Cold Weather in a Subtropical City:A Crosssectional Survey in Hong Kong

Health and disaster risk reduction are important and necessary components in building a smart city,especially when climate change may increase the frequency of extreme temperatures and the health risks of urban dwellers.However,limited knowledge is available about the best way to disseminate weather warnings and health protection information.This study explores the weather information acquisition patterns of the Hong Kong public and examines the sociodemographic predictors of these patterns to establish the potential public health implications of smart city development.A population-based,stratified crosssectional,random digit dialing telephone survey was conducted among the Cantonese-speaking population aged over 15 years in Hong Kong in early 2016.Analyses were conducted based on 1017 valid samples,with a response rate of 63.6%.Cold Weather Warnings were well disseminated in Hong Kong,with 95.7% of the respondents reporting awareness of the public warnings.Television and smartphone apps were the two most important channels for weather information acquisition.Age and education level are the main social-demographic variables associated with the current utilization and future preference of smartphone technology.Among those who were not using a preferredchannel to acquire weather information,61.3% considered switching to a smartphone app.Moreover,the patterns of individual health protection measures and self-reported health impacts were significantly different between smartphone app users and non-users.Weather information dissemination should be tailored to the sociodemographic characteristics of the users.