When evaluating the accessibility of a large website, we rely on sampling methods to reduce the cost of evaluation. This may lead to a biased evaluation when the distribution of checkpoint violations in a website is s...When evaluating the accessibility of a large website, we rely on sampling methods to reduce the cost of evaluation. This may lead to a biased evaluation when the distribution of checkpoint violations in a website is skewed and the selected samples do not provide a good representation of the entire website. To improve sampling quality, stratified sampling methods first cluster web pages in a site and then draw samples from each cluster. In existing stratified sampling methods, however, all the pages in a website need to be analyzed for clustering, causing huge I/O and computation costs. To address this issue, we propose a novel page sampling method based on URL clustering for web accessibility evaluation, namely URLSamp. Using only the URL information for stratified page sampling, URLSamp can efficiently scale to large websites. Meanwhile, by exploiting similarities in URL patterns, URLSamp cluster pages by their generating scripts and can thus effectively detect accessibility problems from web page templates. We use a data set of 45 web sites to validate our method. Experimental results show that our URLSamp method is both effective and efficient for web accessibility evaluation.展开更多
Disabled people encounter many barriers while attempting to access the services on the web. Nevertheless, many tools, which could help them to access the web, are available. E-commerce websites have been also intensiv...Disabled people encounter many barriers while attempting to access the services on the web. Nevertheless, many tools, which could help them to access the web, are available. E-commerce websites have been also intensively and widely used. The e-commerce market in Saudi Arabia will hit $13.3 billion by 2015. This huge investment requires e-commerce websites to be accessible by different types of users. This paper explores the tools that usually used by disabled users while using the web. It also discusses a number of available tools that help designers, developers and testers to assess web accessibility. It also evaluates the accessibility of 3 popular Arab e- commerce websites using 5 accessibility testing tools;namely Achecker, TAW, Eval Access, MAUVE and FAE. This research has found that Most accessibility guidelines are covered by Achecker tool. Navigation, readability, input assistance and timing are the common found accessibility problems while assessing the accessibility of the targeted websites. It has been also revealed that HTML can influence accessibility evaluation as HTML errors are considered as accessibility problems. It has been clearly observed that improvements are needed for better web accessibility, although some tools did report a small number of accessibility problems for some websites.展开更多
AIM:To address issues in interoperability between different fundus image systems,we proposed a web eyepicture archiving and communication system(PACS)framework in conformance with digital imaging and communication in ...AIM:To address issues in interoperability between different fundus image systems,we proposed a web eyepicture archiving and communication system(PACS)framework in conformance with digital imaging and communication in medicine(DICOM)and health level 7(HL7)protocol to realize fundus images and reports sharing and communication through internet.METHODS:Firstly,a telemedicine-based eye care work flow was established based on integrating the healthcare enterprise(IHE)Eye Care technical framework.Then,a browser/server architecture eye-PACS system was established in conformance with the web access to DICOM persistent object(WADO)protocol,which contains three tiers.RESULTS:In any client system installed with web browser,clinicians could log in the eye-PACS to observe fundus images and reports.Multipurpose internet mail extensions(MIME)type of a structured report is saved as pdf/html with reference link to relevant fundus image using the WADO syntax could provide enough information for clinicians.Some functions provided by open-source Oviyam could be used to query,zoom,move,measure,view OICOM fundus images.CONCLUSION:Such web eye-PACS in compliance to WADO protocol could be used to store and communicate fundus images and reports,therefore is of great significance for teleophthalmology.展开更多
For Digital Earth,an important priority is to integrate data from multiple sources.Interoperability and metadata are key instruments to reach such an objective.Interoperability is achieved by adopting and applying int...For Digital Earth,an important priority is to integrate data from multiple sources.Interoperability and metadata are key instruments to reach such an objective.Interoperability is achieved by adopting and applying international standards for service interfaces and data models.As far as geospatial information is concerned,interoperability recognizes three important,interrelated data concepts:feature,coverage,and map.The present work deals with Web services for coverage access.Coverage perspectives characterizing three geospatial communities-i.e.the Earth Science(ES),GIS and Digital Earth communities,are discussed.ES community requirements for coverage access services are presented and discussed making use of two methods concurrently:Critical Success Factor(CSF)analysis method supplemented through the use of Usage Cases.A CSF hierarchy and derived critical requirements and problems are introduced.An implementation approach consisting of four general principles is proposed.Access service categories emerging from the analysis are presented and their comparison with the present access services for the ES is discussed.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 61173185 and 61173186） and the Natural Science Foun- dation of Zhejiang Province, China （No. LZ13F020001）
文摘When evaluating the accessibility of a large website, we rely on sampling methods to reduce the cost of evaluation. This may lead to a biased evaluation when the distribution of checkpoint violations in a website is skewed and the selected samples do not provide a good representation of the entire website. To improve sampling quality, stratified sampling methods first cluster web pages in a site and then draw samples from each cluster. In existing stratified sampling methods, however, all the pages in a website need to be analyzed for clustering, causing huge I/O and computation costs. To address this issue, we propose a novel page sampling method based on URL clustering for web accessibility evaluation, namely URLSamp. Using only the URL information for stratified page sampling, URLSamp can efficiently scale to large websites. Meanwhile, by exploiting similarities in URL patterns, URLSamp cluster pages by their generating scripts and can thus effectively detect accessibility problems from web page templates. We use a data set of 45 web sites to validate our method. Experimental results show that our URLSamp method is both effective and efficient for web accessibility evaluation.
文摘Disabled people encounter many barriers while attempting to access the services on the web. Nevertheless, many tools, which could help them to access the web, are available. E-commerce websites have been also intensively and widely used. The e-commerce market in Saudi Arabia will hit $13.3 billion by 2015. This huge investment requires e-commerce websites to be accessible by different types of users. This paper explores the tools that usually used by disabled users while using the web. It also discusses a number of available tools that help designers, developers and testers to assess web accessibility. It also evaluates the accessibility of 3 popular Arab e- commerce websites using 5 accessibility testing tools;namely Achecker, TAW, Eval Access, MAUVE and FAE. This research has found that Most accessibility guidelines are covered by Achecker tool. Navigation, readability, input assistance and timing are the common found accessibility problems while assessing the accessibility of the targeted websites. It has been also revealed that HTML can influence accessibility evaluation as HTML errors are considered as accessibility problems. It has been clearly observed that improvements are needed for better web accessibility, although some tools did report a small number of accessibility problems for some websites.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271668)
文摘AIM:To address issues in interoperability between different fundus image systems,we proposed a web eyepicture archiving and communication system(PACS)framework in conformance with digital imaging and communication in medicine(DICOM)and health level 7(HL7)protocol to realize fundus images and reports sharing and communication through internet.METHODS:Firstly,a telemedicine-based eye care work flow was established based on integrating the healthcare enterprise(IHE)Eye Care technical framework.Then,a browser/server architecture eye-PACS system was established in conformance with the web access to DICOM persistent object(WADO)protocol,which contains three tiers.RESULTS:In any client system installed with web browser,clinicians could log in the eye-PACS to observe fundus images and reports.Multipurpose internet mail extensions(MIME)type of a structured report is saved as pdf/html with reference link to relevant fundus image using the WADO syntax could provide enough information for clinicians.Some functions provided by open-source Oviyam could be used to query,zoom,move,measure,view OICOM fundus images.CONCLUSION:Such web eye-PACS in compliance to WADO protocol could be used to store and communicate fundus images and reports,therefore is of great significance for teleophthalmology.
文摘For Digital Earth,an important priority is to integrate data from multiple sources.Interoperability and metadata are key instruments to reach such an objective.Interoperability is achieved by adopting and applying international standards for service interfaces and data models.As far as geospatial information is concerned,interoperability recognizes three important,interrelated data concepts:feature,coverage,and map.The present work deals with Web services for coverage access.Coverage perspectives characterizing three geospatial communities-i.e.the Earth Science(ES),GIS and Digital Earth communities,are discussed.ES community requirements for coverage access services are presented and discussed making use of two methods concurrently:Critical Success Factor(CSF)analysis method supplemented through the use of Usage Cases.A CSF hierarchy and derived critical requirements and problems are introduced.An implementation approach consisting of four general principles is proposed.Access service categories emerging from the analysis are presented and their comparison with the present access services for the ES is discussed.
