A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium Enterprises

Software engineering＇s lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well？ In recent years, Web-based applications have become more and more complicated and a lot of efforts have been placed on introducing new technologies such as J2EE, PhP, and .NET, etc., which have been universally accepted as the development technologies for Web-based applications. However, there is no universally accepted process model for the development of Web-based applications. Moreover, shaping the process model for small medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, which have limited resources, has been relatively neglected. Based on our previous work, this paper presents an expanded lifecycle process model for the development of Web-based applications in SMEs. It consists of three sets of processes, i.e., requirement processes, development processes, and evolution processes. Particularly, the post-delivery evolution processes are important to SMEs to develop and maintain quality web applications with limited resources and time.

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications

This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent cooling.Of particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles,the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof,and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the environment.The goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment,their time scales,and other parameters that describe these processes.Experimental results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed,including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes,how temperature influences the optical properties,and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser pulses.Experimental studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are considered.Nanothermometry methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered,including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy,the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle,and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated nanoparticle.Understanding the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of nanoparticles.The applicationfields for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed,including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles,thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence,electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles,and optothermal chemical catalysis.Applications of the laser heating of nanoparticles in laser nanomedicine are of particular interest.Significant emphasis is given to the proposed analytical approaches to modeling and calculating the heating processes under the action of a laser pulse on metal nanoparticles,taking into account the temperature dependences of the parameters.The proposed models can be used to estimate the parameters of lasers and nanoparticles in the various applicationfields for the laser heating of nanoparticles.

Combined application of CIRCLE Software and Topo-LASIK for SMILE enhancement

Dear Editor,We present a case of combined application of CIRCLE software(Carl Zeiss Meditec AG,Germany)and topography-guided laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(Topo-LASIK)for small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)enhancement.SMILE is a safe,minimally invasive corneal laser surgery using a femtosecond laser to create an extractable stromal lenticule.

A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–liquid.This enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and sound.In this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE process.We elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface studies.The review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification techniques.Additionally,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various interfaces.Finally,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may encounter.We anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

Potential industrial applications of photo/electrocatalysis: Recent progress and future challenges

Nowadays,the rapid development of the social economy inevitably leads to global energy and environmental crisis.For this reason,more and more scholars focus on the development of photocatalysis and/or electrocatalysis technology for the advantage in the sustainable production of high-value-added products,and the high efficiency in pollutants remediation.Although there is plenty of outstanding research has been put forward continuously,most of them focuses on catalysis performance and reaction mechanisms in laboratory conditions.Realizing industrial application of photo/electrocatalytic processes is still a challenge that needs to be overcome by social demand.In this regard,this review comprehensively summarized several explorations in thefield of photo/electrocatalytic reduction towards potential industrial applications in recent years.Special attention is paid to the successful attempts and the current status of photo/electrocatalytic water splitting,carbon dioxide conversion,resource utilization from waste,etc.,by using advanced reactors.The key problems and challenges of photo/electrocatalysis in future industrial practice are also discussed,and the possible development directions are also pointed out from the industry view.

Renewable Polymers in Biomedical Applications:From the Bench to the Market

Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of them.Their uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contributing to the improvement of life quality,mainly in drug release systems and in regenerative medicine.Formulations using natural polymer,nano and microscale particles preparation,composites,blends and chemical modification strategies have been used to improve their properties for clinical application.Although many studies have been carried out with these natural polymers,the way to reach the market is long and only very few of them become commercially available.Vegetable cellulose,bacterial cellulose,chitosan,poly(lactic acid)and starch can be found among the most studied polymers for biological applications,some with several derivatives already established in the market,and others with potential for such.In this scenario this work aims to describe the properties and potential of these renewable polymers for biomedical applications,the routes from the bench to the market,and the perspectives for future developments.

Magnesium fertilizer application increases peanut growth and pod yield under reduced nitrogen application in southern China

This study investigated the effect of magnesium application on peanut growth and yield under two nitrogen(N)application rates in acidic soil in southern China.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of the N-sensitive cultivar decreased under reduced N treatments,whereas no effect was observed on the relevant indicators in the N-insensitive variety GH1026.Mg application increased the net photosynthetic rate by increasing the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and Rubisco activity in the leaves during the pegging stage under 50%N treatment,while no effect on the net photosynthetic rate was observed under the 100%N treatment.The rate of dry matter accumulation at the early growth stage,total dry matter accumulation and pod yield at harvest increased after Mg application under 50%N treatment by increasing the transportation of assimilates from stems and leaves to pods in both peanut varieties,whereas no effect was found under 100%N treatment.Moreover,Mg application increased the NUE under 50%N treatment.No improvement of NUE in either peanut variety was found under 100%N treatment,while Mg application under the 50%N treatment can obtain a higher economic benefit than the 100%N treatment.In acidic soil,application of 307.5 kg ha^(-1)of Mg sulfate fertilizer under 50%reduced nitrogen application is a suitable fertilizer management measure for improving carbon assimilation,NUE and achieve high peanut yields in southern China.

Spatiotemporal variations of sand hydraulic conductivity by microbial application methods

The spatiotemporal distributions of microbes in soil by different methods could affect the efficacy of the microbes to reduce the soil hydraulic conductivity.In this study,the specimens of bio-mediated sands were prepared using three different methods,i.e.injecting,mixing,and pouring a given microbial so-lution onto compacted sand specimens.The hydraulic conductivity was measured by constant-head tests,while any soil microstructural changes due to addition of the microbes were observed by scan-ning electron microscope(SEM)and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests.The amount of dextran concentration produced by microbes in each type of specimen was quantified by a refractometer.Results show that dextran production increased exponentially after 5-7 d of microbial settling with the supply of culture medium.The injection and mixing methods resulted in a similar amount and uniform dis-tribution of dextran in the specimens.The pouring method,however,produced a nonuniform distri-bution,with a higher concentration near the specimen surface.As the supply of culture medium discontinued,the dextran content near the surface produced by the pouring method decreased dramatically due to high competition for nutrients with foreign colonies.Average dextran concentration was negatively and correlated with hydraulic conductivity of bio-mediated soils exponentially,due to the clogging of large soil pores by dextran.The hydraulic conductivity of the injection and mixing cases did not change significantly when the supply of culture medium was absent.

MXenes: Versatile 2D materials with tailored surface chemistry and diverse applications

MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.

A Fusion Localization Method Based on Target Measurement Error Feature Complementarity and Its Application

In the multi-radar networking system,aiming at the problem of locating long-distance targets synergistically with difficulty and low accuracy,a dual-station joint positioning method based on the target measurement error feature complementarity is proposed.For dual-station joint positioning,by constructing the target positioning error distribution model and using the complementarity of spatial measurement errors of the same long-distance target,the area with high probability of target existence can be obtained.Then,based on the target distance information,the midpoint of the intersection between the target positioning sphere and the positioning tangent plane can be solved to acquire the target's optimal positioning result.The simulation demonstrates that this method greatly improves the positioning accuracy of target in azimuth direction.Compared with the traditional the dynamic weighted fusion(DWF)algorithm and the filter-based dynamic weighted fusion(FBDWF)algorithm,it not only effectively eliminates the influence of systematic error in the azimuth direction,but also has low computational complexity.Furthermore,for the application scenarios of multi-radar collaborative positioning and multi-sensor data compression filtering in centralized information fusion,it is recommended that using radar with higher ranging accuracy and the lengths of baseline between radars are 20–100 km.

MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic StretchableSensors: Design, Properties, and Applications

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.

Review on analytical technologies and applications in metabolomics

Over the past decade,the swift advancement of metabolomics can be credited to significant progress in technologies such as mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and multivariate statistics.Currently,metabolomics garners widespread application across diverse fields including drug research and development,early disease detection,toxicology,food and nutrition science,biology,prescription,and chinmedomics,among others.Metabolomics serves as an effective characterization technique,offering insights into physiological process alterations in vivo.These changes may result from various exogenous factors like environmental conditions,stress,medications,as well as endogenous elements including genetic and protein-based influences.The potential scientific outcomes gleaned from these insights have catalyzed the formulation of innovative methods,poised to further broaden the scope of this domain.Today,metabolomics has evolved into a valuable and widely accepted instrument in the life sciences.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on the sample preparation and analytical methodologies employed in metabolomics within the life sciences are surprisingly scant.This review aims to fill that gap,providing an overview of current trends and recent advancements in metabolomics.Particular emphasis is placed on sample preparation,sophisticated analytical techniques,and their applications in life science research.

Image Application in Single Isocenter Multiple Target SRS

Single isocenter multiple target stereotactic radiosurgery (SIMT-SRS) has potentially emerged as a new pillar in radio-immune combination therapy for the management of brain metastasis. Accuracy and efficiency are pushed to a higher level in the era of the linear accelerator-based SIMT-SRS. This short review focuses on patient selection, image preparation, patient simulation, electronic portal imaging device (EPID) QA, and the patient treatment process in the SIMT-SRS treatment only. Image-relevant recommendations and guidelines are presented and contrast application, acquisition efficiency, and alignment accuracy of CT and MRI images are explored. With guidance, the SIMT-SRS can be implemented with high precision and efficiency. 1 mm or 0.5 mm and non-uniform PTV margin expansion for all targets would become possible. It will enhance cancer killing effect in radio-immune combination therapy. General routine daily, monthly, and annual linear accelerator image quality assurances are excluded.

Atomically Substitutional Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers for Enhancing Tailored Properties and Superior Applications

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.

PDOL-Based Solid Electrolyte Toward Practical Application:Opportunities and Challenges

Polymer solid-state lithium batteries(SSLB)are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to meet growing demand due to their high energy density and safety.Ion conductivity,interface stability and battery assembly process are still the main challenges to hurdle the commercialization of SSLB.As the main component of SSLB,poly(1,3-dioxolane)(PDOL)-based solid polymer electrolytes polymerized in-situ are becoming a promising candidate solid elec-trolyte,for their high ion conductivity at room temperature,good battery elec-trochemical performances,and simple assembly process.This review analyzes opportunities and challenges of PDOL electrolytes toward practical application for polymer SSLB.The focuses include exploring the polymerization mechanism of DOL,the performance of PDOL composite electrolytes,and the application of PDOL.Furthermore,we provide a perspective on future research directions that need to be emphasized for commercialization of PDOL-based electrolytes in SSLB.The exploration of these schemes facilitates a comprehensive and profound understanding of PDOL-based polymer electrolyte and provides new research ideas to boost them toward practical application in solid-state batteries.

Device design principles and bioelectronic applications for flexible organic electrochemical transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the fexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work,we summarize the device physics of fexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for fexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of fexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.

Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

In this editorial,we comment on the hard and soft tissue applications of different ceramic-based scaffolds prepared by different mechanisms such as 3D printing,sol-gel,and electrospinning.The new concept of regenerative medicine relies on biomaterials that can trigger in situ tissue regeneration and stem cell recruitment at the defect site.A large percentage of these biomaterials is ceramic-based as they provide the essential requirements of biomaterial principles such as tailored multisize porosity,antibacterial properties,and angiogenic properties.All these previously mentioned properties put bioceramics on top of the hierarchy of biomaterials utilized to stimulate tissue regeneration in soft and hard tissue wounds.Multiple clinical applications registered the use of these materials in triggering soft tissue regeneration in healthy and diabetic patients such as bioactive glass nanofibers.The results were promising and opened new frontiers for utilizing these materials on a larger scale.The same results were mentioned when using different forms and formulas of bioceramics in hard defect regeneration.Some bioceramics were used in combination with other polymers and biological scaffolds to improve their regenerative and mechanical properties.All this progress will enable a larger scale of patients to receive such services with ease and decrease the financial burden on the government.

Impact of Exercise on Depression in Older Adults:Potential Benefits,Risks,and Appropriate Application Strategies

As the global elderly population increases,depression within this group has become a significant public health concern.Although exercise has been recognized for its potential to improve depression in the elderly,the benefits,risks,and implementation strategies remain contentious.This review attempts to examine the impact of exercise on depression in older adults,including potential benefits,risks,and suggestions for application.Our analysis highlights the benefits of aerobic and resistance training,which can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms and enhance overall quality of life.Despite these benefits,the review acknowledges the complexity of the exercise-depression interaction in the elderly,necessitating personalized exercise regimens.Potential risks,such as muscle and joint pain,are pointed out,emphasizing the importance of tailored,supervised exercise programs.The review calls for future research to focus on identifying the most effective types of exercise and regimens for this population,considering factors such as age,gender,and existing health conditions.Lastly,it advocates for the inclusion of exercise in comprehensive treatment plans for depression in older adults,viewing it as a promising step toward achieving holistic mental health care in a growing demographic.

Analysis on Demonstration Application of Silicon Fertilizer in Field Cultivation of Rice

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the scientific application of silicon fertilizer in rice cultivation,one of the staple crops.[Methods]In 2022,Yandu District carried out a special experiment and field demonstration study on the effects of foliar application of Zhengda water-soluble silicon fertilizer on rice production.[Results]The preliminary results showed that①Zhengda water-soluble silicon fertilizer could effectively improve the growth and development of rice and improve the population quality.The peak number of tillers,productive tiller percentage,number of effective panicles and number of effective grains per panicle increased by 6.7%,5.8%,5.5%,and 1.2%,respectively.②The yield and processing quality were improved.After applying silicon fertilizer,the yield per unit area increased by about 6.8%,and the unpolished rice yield,milled rice yield and head rice yield increased by 0.7%,1.94%and 2.15%respectively.[Conclusions]The demonstration application of silicon fertilizer in field cultivation of rice in Yandu District further proves previous research conclusions and has important practical significance.