WebGPU概述及建筑工程行业应用分析

随着数字中国规划的提出,基于浏览器的Web3D应用成为数字展示及应用的主要载体之一,当前主流Web3D引擎基本以WebGL为基础封装,存在调用GPU计算与渲染能力差、不支持光线追踪等新一代图形与计算技术的问题,不满足未来Web3D应用需求,因此引入新型Web3D图形API WebGPU进行研究,结果表明源生未经优化的WebGPU性能已远优于WebGL,同时具有渲染计算机制好、资源消耗少、多线程支持、底层兼容性强、性能卓越等优势,与工程行业契合度高,是未来数字中国相关工程行业平台Web3D图形API的最佳选择之一。

3D Model Occlusion Culling Optimization Method Based on WebGPU Computing Pipeline

Nowadays,Web browsers have become an important carrier of 3D model visualization because of their convenience and portability.During the process of large-scale 3D model visualization based on Web scenes with the problems of slow rendering speed and low FPS(Frames Per Second),occlusion culling,as an important method for rendering optimization,can remove most of the occluded objects and improve rendering efficiency.The traditional occlusion culling algorithm(TOCA)is calculated by traversing all objects in the scene,which involves a large amount of repeated calculation and time consumption.To advance the rendering process and enhance rendering efficiency,this paper proposes an occlusion culling with three different optimization methods based on the WebGPU Computing Pipeline.Firstly,for the problem of large amounts of repeated calculation processes in TOCA,these units are moved from the CPU to the GPU for parallel computing,thereby accelerating the calculation of the Potential Visible Sets(PVS);Then,for the huge overhead of creating pipeline caused by too many 3D models in a certain scene,the Breaking Occlusion Culling Algorithm(BOCA)is introduced,which removes some nodes according to building a Hierarchical Bounding Volume(BVH)scene tree to reduce the overhead of creating pipelines;After that,the structure of the scene tree is transmitted to the GPU in the order of depth-first traversal and finally,the PVS is obtained by parallel computing.In the experiments,3D geological models with five different scales from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000 are used for testing.The results show that the proposed methods can reduce the time overhead of repeated calculation caused by the computing pipeline creation and scene tree recursive traversal in the occlusion culling algorithm effectively,with 97%rendering efficiency improvement compared with BOCA,thereby accelerating the rendering process on Web browsers.

基于Web的大规模三维空间模型高效可视化关键技术

在网络环境下客户端对大规模的三维空间模型进行可视化时仍存在着渲染时间长、计算量大等诸多问题,表现为模型遮挡剔除计算效率低、模型数据传输效率低以及渲染不同模型时存在性能和质量不平衡问题等方面。针对上述问题,提出了针对不同的空间模型剔除粒度的优化选择策略、基于WebGPU计算管线的遮挡剔除算法和基于多线程的大规模三维空间模型数据快速调度方案,降低了离线遮挡剔除方法的预处理时间消耗,提高了模型切换的效率和场景渲染的速率。开发了基于Web的大规模三维空间模型可视化原型系统,开展了不同尺度的三维模型加载与可视化实验,结果表明,本文方法可以有效减少网络环境下大规模三维空间模型数据可视化的加载和渲染时间,增强用户体验。