This paper reviewed the background and situation for studying and developing non-chemical weed management.Environmental pressure and commissariat safety problems indicate that it is essential to deeply study and devel...This paper reviewed the background and situation for studying and developing non-chemical weed management.Environmental pressure and commissariat safety problems indicate that it is essential to deeply study and develop non-chemical weed management technologies.The paper summarized the pros and cons of the non-chemical weed management technologies in aspects of weed control by agronomic method,mechanical method,thermal treatment method,and biological treatment,discussed the defects of the existing non-chemical weeding methods,and put forward some suggestions:(1)The description on the experiments and operation of the non-chemical weeding technologies is suggested to be standardized in order to compare the performance of different weeding methods.Some important information on name of equipment,consumption capacity,working width,travel speed,and weed control levels should always be included in the experimental descriptions;(2)An integration of combinations or sequences of various weed control techniques is suggested to be used to reduce the risk of a selective pressure leading to the predominance of certain species;and(3)It is also suggested for further improvement of the existing weed control methods and further development of the weed detection technology originally developed for precision chemical application in order to use them in non-chemical weed management.展开更多
对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后...对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后有草天数的增加而增大,随无草天数的增加而降低;以3%作为水稻产量损失的最大忍受限度,则四川省水直播稻田杂草与水稻的竞争临界期为播后16~55 d。水稻播后15 d喷施3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油22.5 g a.i./hm^2+300 g/L丙草胺乳油450 g a.i./hm^2,播后20 d喷施20%二氯喹啉草酮可分散油悬浮剂600 g a.i./hm^2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂33.75 g a.i./hm^2+100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油150 g a.i./hm^2,或11%[口恶]唑酰草胺·五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂123.75 g a.i./hm^2对水直播稻田总杂草的鲜重防效均在98%以上,且对水稻安全。展开更多
文摘This paper reviewed the background and situation for studying and developing non-chemical weed management.Environmental pressure and commissariat safety problems indicate that it is essential to deeply study and develop non-chemical weed management technologies.The paper summarized the pros and cons of the non-chemical weed management technologies in aspects of weed control by agronomic method,mechanical method,thermal treatment method,and biological treatment,discussed the defects of the existing non-chemical weeding methods,and put forward some suggestions:(1)The description on the experiments and operation of the non-chemical weeding technologies is suggested to be standardized in order to compare the performance of different weeding methods.Some important information on name of equipment,consumption capacity,working width,travel speed,and weed control levels should always be included in the experimental descriptions;(2)An integration of combinations or sequences of various weed control techniques is suggested to be used to reduce the risk of a selective pressure leading to the predominance of certain species;and(3)It is also suggested for further improvement of the existing weed control methods and further development of the weed detection technology originally developed for precision chemical application in order to use them in non-chemical weed management.
文摘为明确18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油对直播水稻田一年生禾本科杂草的防除效果及其对水稻的安全性。参照GB/T 17980.40—2000《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻2.5~4叶期,禾本科杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。试验结果显示18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油有效成分用药量108.0~135.0 g a.i./hm^(2),可有效防除稗草、马唐、千金子等一年生禾本科杂草,药后30 d株和鲜重防效分别为89.07%~92.51%和92.00%~94.13%。18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生禾本科杂草,且对水稻生长安全,杀草速度较快。
文摘对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后有草天数的增加而增大,随无草天数的增加而降低;以3%作为水稻产量损失的最大忍受限度,则四川省水直播稻田杂草与水稻的竞争临界期为播后16~55 d。水稻播后15 d喷施3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油22.5 g a.i./hm^2+300 g/L丙草胺乳油450 g a.i./hm^2,播后20 d喷施20%二氯喹啉草酮可分散油悬浮剂600 g a.i./hm^2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂33.75 g a.i./hm^2+100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油150 g a.i./hm^2,或11%[口恶]唑酰草胺·五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂123.75 g a.i./hm^2对水直播稻田总杂草的鲜重防效均在98%以上,且对水稻安全。
