OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects of Wei Chang An Pill(WCAP) on enzyme activity and gastrointestinal hormones in the small intestine of rats with compound diarrhea.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects of Wei Chang An Pill(WCAP) on enzyme activity and gastrointestinal hormones in the small intestine of rats with compound diarrhea.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control,diarrhea model,and WCAP high,medium,and low dose groups.The control group was not treated,and the model group was administered intragastric distilled water.The WCAP groups were given WCAP suspension,80,60 or 40 mg · kg-1 · d-1,for 4 days.Stool properties were observed.After the experiment,thymus and spleen indices were measured,and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH),and disaccharidase(lactase) in the small intestinal mucous membrane,and levels of substance P(SP) and vasoactive peptide(VIP) in the colon were determined.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,thymus and spleen indices were significantly decreased,LDH,MDH,and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine was decreased,and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly increased inthe diarrhea model group.Compared with the model group,thymus and spleen indices were significantly increased,and LDH,MDH,and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly decreased in theWCAP medium dose group.CONCLUSION:The diarrhea model rats exhibited pathological changes including atrophy of the thymus and spleen,decreased enzyme activity in the small intestine,and gastrointestinal hormone disturbance.WCAP can increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and regulate gastrointestinal hormones,thereby relieving diarrhea.展开更多
Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull chara...Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull characteristics(elevation and discharge); however, studies on long-term reach-scale bankfull discharge are still limited. In this study, a hydraulic model is built to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge, and the effects of reservoir building on downstream bankfull discharges are discussed. The studied river reach is located at the lower Wei River(WR), where the planned Dongzhuang Reservoir would be built on its largest tributary, the Jing River. A quasi-two-dimensional numerical model coupled with a bankfull discharge estimating method is put forward to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge. The soundness of the model is verified. Results show that the temporal variation of reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower reach of the WR would be highly influenced by the planned reservoir, especially during the first 20 years of operation. The effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge may reach its maximum when the total trapped sediment load reaches approximately 75% of the reservoir capacity. Our results show that after the first 17 years of operation,the effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge of the river reach may decrease gradually.The soundness and predictive capability of the coupled model have also been calibrated by comparing with existing reservoirs. All analyses indicate that the numerical model can be used to predict the changed reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower WR.展开更多
Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood...Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.展开更多
The anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody has long been shown to be strongly related to the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).This study aimed to mechanistically assess whether Chang Wei Qing(CWQ)Decoction can enh...The anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody has long been shown to be strongly related to the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).This study aimed to mechanistically assess whether Chang Wei Qing(CWQ)Decoction can enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor therapy.PD-1 inhibitor therapy showed the significant anti-tumor effect in patients with mismatch repairdeficient/microsatellite instability-high(dMMR/MSI-H)colorectal cancer(CRC),rather than those with mismatch repairproficient/microsatellite stable(pMMR/MSS)CRC.Hence,immunofluorescence double-label staining was utilized to explore the difference in the TIME between dMMR/MSI-H and pMMR/MSS CRC patients.Flow cytometry was used to analyze T-lymphocytes in tumors from mice.Western blot was used to measure the expression of PD-L1 protein in mouse tumors.The intestinal mucosal barrier of mice was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.16S rRNA-gene sequencing was used to examine the structure of the gut microbiota in mice.Subsequently,Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the gut microbiota and tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes.The results showed that dMMR/MSI-H CRC patients had more CD8+T cells and higher expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins.In vivo,CWQ enhanced the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody and increased the infiltration of CD8+and PD-1+CD8+T cells in tumors.Additionally,the combination of CWQ with anti-PD-1 antibody resulted in lower inflammation in the intestinal mucosa than that induced by anti-PD-1 antibody alone.CWQ and anti-PD-1 antibody co-treatment upregulated PD-L1 protein and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides in the gut microbiota but increased the abundance of Akkermansia,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteria.Additionally,the proportion of infiltrated CD8+PD-1+,CD8+,and CD3+T cells were found to be positively correlated with the abundance of Akkermansia.Accordingly,CWQ may modulate the TIME by modifying the gut microbiota and consequently enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by Tianjin City Science and Technology Innovation Special fund No.06FZZDSH00405
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects of Wei Chang An Pill(WCAP) on enzyme activity and gastrointestinal hormones in the small intestine of rats with compound diarrhea.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control,diarrhea model,and WCAP high,medium,and low dose groups.The control group was not treated,and the model group was administered intragastric distilled water.The WCAP groups were given WCAP suspension,80,60 or 40 mg · kg-1 · d-1,for 4 days.Stool properties were observed.After the experiment,thymus and spleen indices were measured,and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malate dehydrogenase(MDH),and disaccharidase(lactase) in the small intestinal mucous membrane,and levels of substance P(SP) and vasoactive peptide(VIP) in the colon were determined.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,thymus and spleen indices were significantly decreased,LDH,MDH,and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine was decreased,and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly increased inthe diarrhea model group.Compared with the model group,thymus and spleen indices were significantly increased,and LDH,MDH,and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and SP and VIP levels in the colon were significantly decreased in theWCAP medium dose group.CONCLUSION:The diarrhea model rats exhibited pathological changes including atrophy of the thymus and spleen,decreased enzyme activity in the small intestine,and gastrointestinal hormone disturbance.WCAP can increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and regulate gastrointestinal hormones,thereby relieving diarrhea.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.2011CB403305,51579230,51109198,41571005,and 51479179)
文摘Predicting the responses of an alluvial channel to changes in flow and sediment supply is essential for engineering design. Many methods have been developed in the last few decades to describe sectional bankfull characteristics(elevation and discharge); however, studies on long-term reach-scale bankfull discharge are still limited. In this study, a hydraulic model is built to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge, and the effects of reservoir building on downstream bankfull discharges are discussed. The studied river reach is located at the lower Wei River(WR), where the planned Dongzhuang Reservoir would be built on its largest tributary, the Jing River. A quasi-two-dimensional numerical model coupled with a bankfull discharge estimating method is put forward to calculate the reach-scale bankfull discharge. The soundness of the model is verified. Results show that the temporal variation of reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower reach of the WR would be highly influenced by the planned reservoir, especially during the first 20 years of operation. The effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge may reach its maximum when the total trapped sediment load reaches approximately 75% of the reservoir capacity. Our results show that after the first 17 years of operation,the effect of the planned reservoir on bankfull discharge of the river reach may decrease gradually.The soundness and predictive capability of the coupled model have also been calibrated by comparing with existing reservoirs. All analyses indicate that the numerical model can be used to predict the changed reach-scale bankfull discharge of the lower WR.
基金Supported by the Major Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2012-ZD-13)Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2014k13-09)
文摘Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin(22ZXGBSY00020 and 21ZYJFJC0070National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFC1712904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074105).
基金the Health System Innovation Project of Shanghai Putuo Science and Technology Commission(No.ptkwws202002)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Putuo District(No.ptzyzk2101)the Clinical Specialized Discipline of Health System of Putuo District in Shanghai(No.2021tszk01).
文摘The anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody has long been shown to be strongly related to the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).This study aimed to mechanistically assess whether Chang Wei Qing(CWQ)Decoction can enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor therapy.PD-1 inhibitor therapy showed the significant anti-tumor effect in patients with mismatch repairdeficient/microsatellite instability-high(dMMR/MSI-H)colorectal cancer(CRC),rather than those with mismatch repairproficient/microsatellite stable(pMMR/MSS)CRC.Hence,immunofluorescence double-label staining was utilized to explore the difference in the TIME between dMMR/MSI-H and pMMR/MSS CRC patients.Flow cytometry was used to analyze T-lymphocytes in tumors from mice.Western blot was used to measure the expression of PD-L1 protein in mouse tumors.The intestinal mucosal barrier of mice was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.16S rRNA-gene sequencing was used to examine the structure of the gut microbiota in mice.Subsequently,Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the gut microbiota and tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes.The results showed that dMMR/MSI-H CRC patients had more CD8+T cells and higher expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins.In vivo,CWQ enhanced the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibody and increased the infiltration of CD8+and PD-1+CD8+T cells in tumors.Additionally,the combination of CWQ with anti-PD-1 antibody resulted in lower inflammation in the intestinal mucosa than that induced by anti-PD-1 antibody alone.CWQ and anti-PD-1 antibody co-treatment upregulated PD-L1 protein and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides in the gut microbiota but increased the abundance of Akkermansia,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteria.Additionally,the proportion of infiltrated CD8+PD-1+,CD8+,and CD3+T cells were found to be positively correlated with the abundance of Akkermansia.Accordingly,CWQ may modulate the TIME by modifying the gut microbiota and consequently enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
