Variation Characteristics of Main Climate Factors in the Upstream of Wei River in Recent 39 Years

Wei River is an important river which affects the industrial and agricultural production,people's life in Guanzhong district of Shaanxi and the east of Gansu.To study the variation characteristics of main climate factors in recent 39 years in the upstream of Wei River,we analyzed the variation characteristics of climate factors by using the data in 11 meteorological stations in the upstream basin of Wei River during 1971-2009.The results showed that the precipitation presented the decline trend in the basin,and the temperature rose in 0.3 ℃/10 a trend.The temperature increase trend was 0.4 ℃/10 a in winter,spring and wasn't obvious in summer,autumn.The potential evapotranspiration presented the yearly increase trend in recent years.The precipitation decreased,and the temperature rose.Moreover,the potential evapotranspiration strengthened.It wasn't favorable for the healthy run of ecological system in the upstream,downstream basins and aggravated the shortage degree of water resources.

Chemical Property Variation Trend Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Water in Wei River

[Objective] Water quality variation trend of Wei River was analyzed and the water quality evaluation was performed in this study. [Method] Stationing and water sampling were conducted along Wei River at three different sites during the 12 months from January to December of 2014, the water samples were pre-treated and analyzed on chemical pollution indexes with the national standard, water quality data of Wei River in the 12 months was processed with periodic time series method, Spearman rank correlation coefficient was adopted to test pollution changing trend, and water quality status of Wei water was evaluated with integrated index of organic pollution. [Result] NH3-N and TN of Wei River exceeded the standard＇s lim- its; [ Y~ [ 〉Wp=0.506, [ Yss~ [ 〉Wp=0.506 and [ Y＆=0~,, Diecqieo 〉Wp=0.506 indicated that the integrated index of organic pollution of Shawangdu section, S.huyuan section and Tongguan Diaoqiao section showed a significant downtrend, respetively; and the water quality of the three sections became better, and it was worth noting that it was necessary to strengthen the water quality control of Wei River from January to June, so as to ensure that the water quality of Wei River reached the standard all the time. [Cendasien] This research was of significance in improving water ecological environment in Weinan as well as rationally utilizing water resources and finally realizing permanent development. Key words Wei River; Water quality variation trend; Integrated index of organic pollution; Evaluation

Numerical evaluation of the effects of the Dongzhuang reservoir on channel deposition in the Lower Wei River in China

Jing River is a tributary of the Wei River which is the largest tributary of the Yellow River. Sediments eroded from the upland of the Jing River basin are one of the major contributors of sediment entering the lower Wei River(LWR). The Dongzhuang reservoir is designed to be constructed on the lower Jing River for flood control and water resources regulation, and this may change the sustainable management of the LWR as changed channel deposition by trapping sediments and releasing concentration-limited flow. Its effects on the LWR, especially the deposition distribution, should be analyzed. The steady quasi-two-dimensional dynamic model was adopted to estimate the deposition processes in the LWR. Then, the qualitative effects of the Dongzhuang reservoir on channel deposition were evaluated and compared with historical data, including capacity loss in other reservoirs and measured deposition in the LWR. Analyses indicated that the annual deposition in the LWR will decrease by approximately two-thirds due to the reservoir’s operation. After 15 years of operation, the effects of the Dongzhuang reservoir on the lower channel will decrease gradually. Moreover, its effects on lateral distribution in different sub-reaches are different. After the reservoir’s operation, the floodplain of the Xianyang–Lintong(XY-LT) sub-reach will change its sediment regime from deposition to erosion. For the Lintong–Huaxian(LT-HX) sub-reach, deposition in the main channel will be more serious during the first 30 years of operation. For the Huaxian–Tongguan (HX-TG) sub-reach, the reservoir will have almost no effects on the lateral distribution. All these analyses may benefit the sustainable management of the Wei River and the Yellow River.

Fluvial Processes in the Meandering Reach of the Lower Wei River During the Course of Degradation

This paper presents an analysis of the changes of the longitudinal and lateral profiles in the meander- ing reach of the Lower Wei River over the period from October 1973 to October 1976 during the course of degradation.Analysis results indicated that retrogressive erosion and subsequent downstream erosion occurred in the reach due to the lowering in the Tongguan elevation and the inflowing water carrying low sediment con- centrations.At the end of the degradation,the main channel widths of the majority ...

泾渭流域殷遗民墓葬鼎制研究

殷遗民鼎的形态大多继承自殷墟时期的同类鼎,仅个别形态有所创新。食器组合中以鼎、簋为核心,或加甗,或加鬲,个别以鬲取代簋。泾河流域、沣镐地区和周原地区用鼎组合有所差异,用鼎数量和食器组合各有特色。同殷墟和西周周人用鼎制度相比,殷遗民墓用鼎在继承和吸纳殷墟时期及西周周人用鼎制度特点的同时,形成了具有自身特点的用鼎制度。墓主身份方面,泾河流域用鼎墓当为为西周王朝戍守边疆的军事贵族,沣镐和周原用鼎墓的中高级贵族为政治贵族,小贵族为手工业者。

西安地区“泾渭水系”生态廊道建构理念与方法研究

泾渭水系形成西安地区自然地理环境的基本构架,在历代城镇建设与发展中发挥了巨大作用。当代快速城镇化进程中,河流生态系统破坏严重,极大制约了城镇可持续发展。从优化区域景观格局、促进城镇生态化建设出发,提出依托泾渭水系建构生态廊道的理念,分析了泾渭水系生态廊道的基本特征及内涵,提出其建构原则,从宏观、中观及微观3个层面论述了廊道系统结构的建构方法,并对典型廊道功能与结构进行了具体解析。

"西咸"都市圈临渭生态工业系统建设初探

借鉴国内外生态工业因区建设的理论模式和范例,分析渭河在"西咸"都市区生态环境建设中的作用。提出积极推进"西咸"城市一体化,实施渭河生态环境治理与防洪工程,改造和重组现有临渭分布的工业企业,以渭河发电有限公司及其扩建工程为核心、虚拟建设以粉煤灰为原料的建材公司,连接咸阳市东郊化工区和西安北郊经济技术开发区的相关大中型企业、高新农业,构建若干生态产业链,实现"资源-产品-再生资源产品"的清洁生产模式,为"西咸"都市区电力工业发展与调整、解决行业结构性污染问题探索新路子。

基于德尔菲法的遗产廊道建构探析——以渭河西咸新区段为例

研究的主体内容包括西咸新区河流沿线遗产的价值评价和遗产廊道空间建构。借鉴现有的研究成果,结合研究对象的具体情况,分析遗产的价值构成,采用德尔菲方法建立遗产价值评价和现状评估模型。提出渭河水系西咸新区段遗产廊道建构的可行性、建构意义及建构原则,分析遗产廊道构成要素,论述具有典型性的渭河北岸遗产廊道空间格局,可为渭河水系其它河流沿线文化遗产的保护和利用提供借鉴。

渭河水系西咸新区段遗产资源调查分析

位于关中平原核心区的西咸新区,渭河干流及其支流泾河、沣河和皂河流经其间,河流沿线文化遗产资源呈线性分布,尤其是渭河干流北岸的遗产点分布密集,线性特征明显,并且具有较高的历史文化及社会经济综合价值。但在城市现代化建设的冲击下,遗产周边环境面临威胁,如何平衡遗产保护与开发利用成为一个迫切的研究课题。该文通过史料研究和实地调研梳理出西咸新区渭河水系沿线的遗产资源清单,并从遗产的空间分布、历时分布和时空关联等多个角度对遗产分布进行分析总结,得出西咸新区段遗产资源的分布特征。该文的研究可为渭河水系其他河流沿线文化遗产的保护和利用提供系统性的资料。

陕西省引汉济渭工程受水区水资源优化配置研究

结合引汉济渭工程,根据资源系统复杂性和水源配置原则,基于大系统分解协调理论建立了引汉济渭工程受水区水资源优化配置模型,在考虑工业节水和引汉济渭不同调水量的基础上,对2020水平年和2030水平年共10个方案应用遗传算法进行求解,从不同方案下供需成果和供水量构成两方面对配置结果进行探讨,得出引汉济渭工程是解决关中地区水资源短缺的重要保障。

从小圩到园田:近百年来上海地区河网密度变化

基于GIS技术复原历史河流面貌,并构建格网体系管理历史区域水系信息,在目前的历史地理学界中尚使用较少,制约了对三角洲河网复杂形态的深入研究。本文以今上海地区为研究范围,提取本区域1918年和1978年两个时间断面上河网信息,建立湖荡面积、河网密度、河流长度等指标。比对两个时间断面上的河网密度指标发现,1918—1978年河网密化的原因是研究区在20世纪五六十年代进行大规模的水利兴修运动时,开挖新河渠的同时大量保留了原有的河道;另外,将上海地区在道光、同治年间的水利兴修运动与建国之后的农田水利发展规划进行比对可以发现,集中组织人力进行大规模运动使得建国初期对本区的传统农田水利结构"小圩"彻底改造为规整的"园田",成为今天的棋盘化格局。这说明,在太湖流域,建国后对社会基层控制能力的空前加强使得政府调集劳动力的能力大大加强,这是本区域实现河网改造很重要的原因。

论三门峡水库在黄河防洪工程体系中的作用

通过对三门峡水库运用40余年来社会效益、经济效益以及负面影响的论述,分析了三门峡水库在未来黄河防洪减淤工程体系中的作用和地位,讨论了潼关高程淤积抬升的主要原因及降低潼关高程的综合治理措施,指出了小浪底水库建成后,决定三门峡水库运用方式的主要因素仍是黄河下游和渭河下游的防洪减淤问题。同时,给出了三门峡水库不同运用阶段的水位控制运用指标的建议:①继续做好三门峡水库335m防洪水位和326m防凌水位运用的准备;②汛期平水期保持库水位不超过305m,当入库流量大于1500m3/s,实施敞泄排沙,并控制北村断面1000m3/s流量相应水位不超过310m;③非汛期运用水位原则上最高不超过318m,遇调水调沙等特殊情况,需要短时间调蓄时,最高水位不得超过320m,非汛期平均运用水位按照不超过316m控制;④实施渭河下游综合治理,降低潼关高程。

清代山东运河河政制度探析——以上河厅为对象的历史考察

清代东昌府上河厅上联河道总督与山东管河道,下辖主簿、闸官、河汛等下级河官,直接管理会通河东昌府段及卫河馆陶至临清段河务,不仅担负着挑挖河道、防洪抢险、维修水利设施等重任,还要控制闸坝,调节运河水源,保障南粮顺利入京,在河政体系中占有重要地位。

引汉济渭输水隧洞安全监测系统技术分析与研究

引汉济渭工程中的输水隧洞具有距离长、埋深大的特点,地质条件复杂,为输水隧洞工程施工带来安全隐患。因此,布设了大量的监测设备,以确保输水隧洞在施工期和运行期的安全。本文对输水隧洞现有安全监测系统在施工期的运行情况进行分析,总结输水隧洞安全监测系统在安全预警方面存在的不足,并提出提高输水隧洞安全监测系统工作效率的建议,为今后隧洞工程施工和工程运行期的安全监测提供技术支撑。

From natural environment to artificial system:Chang’an and its water system in the Western Han Dynasty

People around the world have shaped societies and urban spaces around water for millennia.They have transformed natural water structures and patterns to serve their diverse needs.The ways in which historical decisions affect contemporary water systems and influence future planning of urban systems still need to be fully recognized.This paper explores the multiple roles of water systems in Chang’an during the Western Han Dynasty.Chang’an,one of the ancient names for the city of Xi’an,was a typical capital city of China and East Asia in early ancient times.This study explores everyday practices pertaining to water as well as its role in defense,gardening,politics and culture.Drawing upon three historical theories,this study presents findings that water was embedded in the design of traditional Chinese capitals.The siting and construction of capital cities was first based on the Theory of Choosing the Center(3rd century BCE)and the Theory of Conforming to Nature(5th-3rd century BCE).However,the final maturation of this urban morphology,including the water system,was closely related to the Theory of Symbolizing and Modeling Heaven and Earth(4th-3rd century BCE),in a way that manifested the imperial power’s organization and control of space and time.Through close analysis of historical documents,archaeological reports and modem investigations,the paper aims to clarify,analyze and summarize the historical context and evolution,functional and structural characteristics,as well as the economic,political,cultural and military connotations of water systems in Chang’an.It argues that the coordination of urban construction and the water environment was a key foundation for capital city development.It proposes that people shaped urban water supply in many ways,including daily life,waterway transportation,agricultural irrigation,aquaculture promotion,military defense and fire prevention.The water system in Chang’an also provided an important place for royalty and nobility to go fishing,to hunt and to engage in leisure and naval training.The landscape with this water system as the core,including Taiye Lake and Kunming Lake,had also inspired Chinese gardening history,and had a profound impact on future generations.More importantly,the capital's urban morphology design was a miniature of the world recognized by the monarch,as well as the symbolic image of the supreme rulers'political and cultural desire to control and possess Tianxia,which essentially means the whole world.In conclusion,the paper calls for a closer study of water-based design as a foundation for urban planning.

渭河流域人地关系地域系统模拟

以渭河流域(干流地区)为例,以水资源利用为主线,利用系统动力学方法,建立了渭河流域人地关系地域系统动态仿真模型,并利用Venple软件,选取经济高速发展模式、缺水反馈模式、缺水污染反馈模式、调水耦合模式等4种方案对该系统进行调控实验。结果表明:与传统的数理模型比较,利用系统动力学模型对流域人地关系地域系统进行模拟更能够反映出流域系统的非线性、高阶次和反馈性的特征,可以较好的模拟流域水资源、污染和经济发展的耦合关系;通过对4种情形下建立的不同模式的运行结果进行比较,发现在经济高速发展模型中经济发展速度最快,但是加重了生态环境的负担,同时水资源和经济的矛盾会急剧恶化;缺水反馈模式和缺水污染反馈模式考虑了资源和环境的限制,是对经济高速发展模式的完善;调水调控模式将区外水资源引入渭河流域,在一定程度上减轻了环境和资源压力,经济保持一定的增长速度,是最接近实际,也是目前对渭河流域人地系统进行调控最可取的方案。建议政府部门在政策制定时考虑经济、资源、环境的统筹发展,综合考虑各种约束条件可能对区域发展造成的影响,使决策更为科学合理。

渭河流域人地关系地域系统耦合的关联分析

在建立人地关系地域系统耦合度评价指标的基础上,运用灰色关联分析,以2005年渭河流域干流地区48个区县市为基本研究单元,分析了渭河流域人地关系地域系统耦合的主要因素和耦合度的空间分布。研究结果表明:流域人地关系地域系统是一个复杂的系统,各指标要素之间存在着错综复杂的关系,生活水平和城市化水平是影响本地区资源环境的主要方面,SO2、COD排放量、地区年用水量、已建设用地是目前制约本地区社会经济发展的主要因素;渭河流域耦合度的空间分布与该地区的社会经济水平呈正相关,2005年本地区耦合度的空间分布以拮抗型为主,低水平耦合次之。

基于可变模糊评价法的渭河流域综合干旱分区研究

本文利用渭河流域21个气象站及8个水文站1960—2010年的资料,针对气象和水文干旱问题,把干旱分为由无旱到特旱5个等级,建立了渭河流域分区干旱综合评价指标体系;根据干旱综合评价指标体系,采用基于对立统一与质量互变定理的可变模糊评价法对渭河流域分区干旱状态进行了评价;应用累积距平和小波分析法,揭示了该流域分区51年来干旱的时空变化特征。结果表明,该流域干旱程度近年来呈增加趋势并会持续下去,大多数分区干旱程度在1973年和1997年前后发生了渐变式质变,且该流域各分区存在8年和27年左右的干旱周期。因此,该研究方法能定量评价流域分区干旱状况,且弥补了仅用气象或水文干旱指标评价的不足,对指导流域抗旱减灾工作具有重要意义。

Financing Model Decision of Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects

Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects require the appropriate financing model to attract large amounts of social investment.Therefore,financing model decision becomes the key of engineering construction.In three aspects,such as the subject,the object and the target of the financing model,Grey Target Model is established in this paper.First,the complex financing mode decision problems of Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects are decomposed by using hierarchical decomposition method.Then Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) method is used to calculate the comprehensive weight of evaluation index.Experts' opinions financing model are transformed into the evaluation matrix based on the Dephi method.The Weighted Grey Target Model is used to calculate the approaching degree of financing model and assists financing mode decision.In addition,this paper takes the water diversion project from the Han to the Wei River of Shaanxi Province as a verification example for the model.For other water diversion projects,the evaluation results are also reliable and provide theoretical references for the financing model decision of Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects.

渭河湿地生态功能评价

从自然环境、社会环境、生物以及调节、支持、供给和社会文化功能7方面,选取19个评价指标,构建渭河湿地评价指标体系;利用文献资料和实地调查数据,评价渭河湿地生态功能。评价结果表明,渭河湿地生态功能的总体评价等级为良好,其生态功能正常,并且还有改善空间;在19个四级评价指标中,湿地面积、人均可支配收入、动物物种丰富度、气温调节、湿度调节、降尘、鸟类物种丰富度、经济鱼类物种丰富度和国家保护物种丰富度9个指标的评价等级为优秀,水域类别、污水处理率、植物物种丰富度、水文调节、CO2固定量、氮去除率、磷去除率和已建成湿地自然保护区8个指标的评价等级为良好;十年内湿地退化率的评价等级为中等,人口密度的评价等级为差;在四级评价指标中,湿地面积的权重最大,说明湿地面积是影响渭河湿地生态功能的最主要因素,水域类别的权重次之。因此,最大限度地保护渭河湿地和开展河流生态修复是维持渭河湿地健康发展的关键。