Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a common type of primary lung cancer that contributes to approximately 15%of cases.It is closely associated with tobacco risk factors.It is also known as a type of lung cancer that has a...Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a common type of primary lung cancer that contributes to approximately 15%of cases.It is closely associated with tobacco risk factors.It is also known as a type of lung cancer that has a high mortality rate within a short time due to its rapid growth rate(with tumor doubling time of 30 days)and its tendency to metastasize early in the disease process.The primary sites of metastasis in SCLC are similar to those in other primary lung cancers and often include the brain,bones,adrenal glands,liver,and lymph nodes.However,there are a few clinical reports of uncommon metastases,such as gastric metastasis from SCLC.Although the incidence of this clinical presentation is very low,reported cases have generally resulted in early mortality due to inadequate treatment.The purpose of this letter is to discuss the knowledge related to gastric metastasis from SCLC and remind clinical doctors not to miss atypical symptoms,thereby providing the right attitude to improve the prognosis for these patients.展开更多
Seventh tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) classification for gastric cancer,published in 2010,introduced changes in all of its three parameters with the aim to increase its accuracy in prognostication. The aim of this review...Seventh tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) classification for gastric cancer,published in 2010,introduced changes in all of its three parameters with the aim to increase its accuracy in prognostication. The aim of this review is to analyze the efficacy of these changes and their implication in clinical practice. We reviewed relevant Literature concerning staging systems in gastric cancer from 2010 up to March 2016. Adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric junction still remains a debated entity,due to its peculiar anatomical and histological situation: further improvement in its staging are required. Concerning distant metastases,positive peritoneal cytology has been adopted as a criterion to define metastatic disease: however,its search in clinical practice is still far from being routinely performed,as staging laparoscopy has not yet reached wide diffusion. Regarding definition of T and N: in the era of multimodal treatment these parameters should more influence both staging and surgery. The changes about T-staging suggested some modifications in clinical practice. Differently,many controversies on lymph node staging are still ongoing,with the proposal of alternative classification systems in order to minimize the extent of lymphadenectomy. The next TNM classification should take into account all of these aspects to improve its accuracy and the comparability of prognosis in patients from both Eastern and Western world.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinical pathology of early gastric cancer(EGC) in order to provide criteria for a feasible endoscopic therapy.METHODS: Clinical data of the 525 EGC p...AIM: To analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinical pathology of early gastric cancer(EGC) in order to provide criteria for a feasible endoscopic therapy.METHODS: Clinical data of the 525 EGC patients who underwent surgical operations between January 2009 and March 2014 in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical pathological features were compared between different EGC patients with or without lymph node metastasis, and investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses for possible relationships with lymph node metastasis.RESULTS: Of the 2913 patients who underwent gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, 529 cases were pathologically proven to be EGC and 525 cases were enrolled in this study, excluding 4 cases of gastric stump carcinoma. Among 233 patients with mucosal carcinoma, 43(18.5%) had lymph node metastasis. Among 292 patients with submucosal carcinoma, 118(40.4%) had lymph nodemetastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, invasion depth, differentiation type and lymphatic involvement correlated with a high risk of lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender(OR = 1.649, 95%CI: 1.091-2.492, P = 0.018), tumor size(OR = 1.803, 95%CI: 1.201-2.706, P = 0.004), invasion depth(OR = 2.566, 95%CI: 1.671-3.941, P = 0.000), histological differentiation(OR = 2.621, 95%CI: 1.624-4.230, P = 0.000) and lymphatic involvement(OR = 3.505, 95%CI: 1.590-7.725, P = 0.002) wereindependent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Comprehensive analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was absent in patients with tumor that was limited to the mucosa, size ≤ 2 cm, differentiated and without lymphatic involvement.CONCLUSION: We propose an endoscopic therapy for EGC that is limited to the mucosa, size ≤ 2 cm, differentiated and without lymphatic involvement.展开更多
文摘Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a common type of primary lung cancer that contributes to approximately 15%of cases.It is closely associated with tobacco risk factors.It is also known as a type of lung cancer that has a high mortality rate within a short time due to its rapid growth rate(with tumor doubling time of 30 days)and its tendency to metastasize early in the disease process.The primary sites of metastasis in SCLC are similar to those in other primary lung cancers and often include the brain,bones,adrenal glands,liver,and lymph nodes.However,there are a few clinical reports of uncommon metastases,such as gastric metastasis from SCLC.Although the incidence of this clinical presentation is very low,reported cases have generally resulted in early mortality due to inadequate treatment.The purpose of this letter is to discuss the knowledge related to gastric metastasis from SCLC and remind clinical doctors not to miss atypical symptoms,thereby providing the right attitude to improve the prognosis for these patients.
文摘Seventh tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) classification for gastric cancer,published in 2010,introduced changes in all of its three parameters with the aim to increase its accuracy in prognostication. The aim of this review is to analyze the efficacy of these changes and their implication in clinical practice. We reviewed relevant Literature concerning staging systems in gastric cancer from 2010 up to March 2016. Adenocarcinoma of the esophago-gastric junction still remains a debated entity,due to its peculiar anatomical and histological situation: further improvement in its staging are required. Concerning distant metastases,positive peritoneal cytology has been adopted as a criterion to define metastatic disease: however,its search in clinical practice is still far from being routinely performed,as staging laparoscopy has not yet reached wide diffusion. Regarding definition of T and N: in the era of multimodal treatment these parameters should more influence both staging and surgery. The changes about T-staging suggested some modifications in clinical practice. Differently,many controversies on lymph node staging are still ongoing,with the proposal of alternative classification systems in order to minimize the extent of lymphadenectomy. The next TNM classification should take into account all of these aspects to improve its accuracy and the comparability of prognosis in patients from both Eastern and Western world.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Provincefor Scientific RearchNo.2015SZ0123
文摘AIM: To analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinical pathology of early gastric cancer(EGC) in order to provide criteria for a feasible endoscopic therapy.METHODS: Clinical data of the 525 EGC patients who underwent surgical operations between January 2009 and March 2014 in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical pathological features were compared between different EGC patients with or without lymph node metastasis, and investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses for possible relationships with lymph node metastasis.RESULTS: Of the 2913 patients who underwent gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, 529 cases were pathologically proven to be EGC and 525 cases were enrolled in this study, excluding 4 cases of gastric stump carcinoma. Among 233 patients with mucosal carcinoma, 43(18.5%) had lymph node metastasis. Among 292 patients with submucosal carcinoma, 118(40.4%) had lymph nodemetastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, invasion depth, differentiation type and lymphatic involvement correlated with a high risk of lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender(OR = 1.649, 95%CI: 1.091-2.492, P = 0.018), tumor size(OR = 1.803, 95%CI: 1.201-2.706, P = 0.004), invasion depth(OR = 2.566, 95%CI: 1.671-3.941, P = 0.000), histological differentiation(OR = 2.621, 95%CI: 1.624-4.230, P = 0.000) and lymphatic involvement(OR = 3.505, 95%CI: 1.590-7.725, P = 0.002) wereindependent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Comprehensive analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was absent in patients with tumor that was limited to the mucosa, size ≤ 2 cm, differentiated and without lymphatic involvement.CONCLUSION: We propose an endoscopic therapy for EGC that is limited to the mucosa, size ≤ 2 cm, differentiated and without lymphatic involvement.
