The Mediating Effect of Body Dissatisfaction in Association between Obesity and Dietary Behavior Changes for Weight Loss in Chinese Children

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of body dissatisfaction in correlation between obesity and dietary behavior changes for weight loss(DBCWL).Methods A total of 680 primary and middle school students were included in this study. Their body height, weight, and waistline were effectively measured, and they were also evaluated to assess their body dissatisfaction, perception of dietary behaviors, and DBCWL. The correlation among these factors was analyzed using mediating effect models.Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was significantly higher in males than in females(P < 0.05). Overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and body dissatisfaction significantly increased the risk for DBCWL(OR = 2.57, 2.77, and 1.95, respectively). Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity significantly increased the risk for body dissatisfaction(OR = 6.00 and 4.70,respectively). Significant mediating effects of body dissatisfaction were observed in correlation between overweight/obesity and DBCWL and between abdominal obesity and DBCWL(OR = 2.20 and 1.92,respectively;P < 0.05), and the proportions of mediating effects among the total effects were 48.89% and 46.60%, respectively.Conclusion Body dissatisfaction might play an important mediating effect in association between DBCWL and obesity, which indicates that guiding children to correctly recognize their body might be more conducive than promoting obese children toward weight loss through dietary behavior changes.

Predictors of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance (WTLM) utilize similar behaviors but in varying amounts and combinations. Research identifying characteristics which predict WTLM success could be used to develop effective WTLM treatment programs. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to determine behavioral (e.g., self monitoring of dietary intake) and biological factors (e.g., sex) which may influence WTLM success. Methods: In a previously conducted 12-month WTLM study, weight-reduced middle-aged and older men and women (n = 39) were assigned behavioral goals and asked to daily self-monitor body weight, fruit and vegetable intake, water consumption, and physical activity. This investigation utilized a crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to characterize individuals’ weight changes and behaviors. Sex difference in clinically significant weight loss (WL) (≥5% WL) at 12 months was investigated, and growth curve models estimated interaction effects between sex and WTLM predictors. Results: QCA findings suggest patterns of weight change during the initial three months of WTLM treatment may dictate 12-month weight outcomes. No sex difference was found in clinically significant WL or in the interaction of sex and behaviors on weight change. Conclusions: WTLM treatments should provide more intensive support during transition from WL to WTLM, particularly during the first three months.

Physical activity support or weight loss counseling for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

AIM:To determine the clinical effectiveness of intense psychological support to physical activity(PA)in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment(CBT).METHODS:Twenty-two NAFLD cases received support to exercise,tailored to their motivational needs(PA group).The effects on body weight,physical fitness[6-min walk test,VO2max and the PA-rating(PA-R)questionnaire]and body fat(fatty liver indices and visceral adiposity index)were compared with data obtained in 44 NAFLD subjects enrolled in a CBT program for weight loss,after adjustment for propensity score,calculated on baseline data.Measurements were performed at baseline,at 4-mo and one-year follow-up.Changes in anthropometric,biochemical and PA parameters were tested by repeated measurement ANOVA.Outcome results were tested by logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:At the end of the intensive program,BMI was less significantly reduced in the PA group(-1.09±1.68 kg/m2 vs-2.04±1.42 kg/m2 in the CBT group,P=0.019)and the difference was maintained at 1-year follow-up(-0.73±1.63 vs-1.95±1.88,P=0.012)(ANOVA,P=0.005).PA-R was similar at baseline,when only 14%of cases in PA and 36%in CBT(P=0.120)recorded values≥3.At 4 mo,a PA-R≥3 was registered in 91%of PA and 46%of CBT,respectively(P<0.001)and PA-R≥5(up to 3 h/wk of moderate-toheavy intensity physical activity)was registered in 41%of PA and only 9%of CBT group(P<0.007).The6-min walk test increased by 139±26 m in PA and by only 43±38 m in CBT(P<0.001)and VO2max by8.2±3.8 mL/kg per minute and 3.3±2.7 mL/kg per minute,respectively(P<0.002).After adjustment for propensity,weight loss>7%was significantly associated with CBT group at one year(OR=6.21;95%CI:1.23-31.30),whereas PA-R>3 was associated with PA group(10.31;2.02-52.63).Liver enzymes decreased to values within normal limits in 36%of PA cases and61%of CBT(P<0.070).Estimated liver fat(Kotronen index)fell below the fatty liver threshold in 36%of PA and 34%and CBT cases at one-year(not different).Also the fatty liver index and the visceral adiposity index improved to a similar extent.CONCLUSION:Intensive psychological counseling for PA produces hepatic effects not different from standard CBT,improving physical fitness and liver fat independent of weight loss.Strategies promoting exercise are worth and effective in motivated patients,particularly in lean NAFLD patients where large weight loss cannot be systematically pursued.

Healthy Habits Associated with Successful Weight Loss Maintenance on a Commercial Program: Learnings from a Research Survey

Background: Maintenance of lost weight is a challenging aspect of weight management, therefore, an online survey of OPTAVIA (“the Program”) coaches and clients was conducted to understand the habits of successful maintainers. Methods: Coaches and clients who lost ≥ 10% body weight on the Program, had been trying to maintain their weight loss for ≥1 year, and maintained > 75% of their weight loss during that time were identified. Mean ± SD were calculated for continuous variables and categorical variables were quantified using frequencies and percentages. Results: The analysis included 590 respondents (342 coaches, 248 clients;84% female, 52.6 ± 11.9 years). Average weight loss was 23.7% ± 8.6%;average time in maintenance was 24.5 ± 15.8 months. The most common maintenance strategies included self-monitoring, leveraging habits learned during weight loss, food-related strategies, physical activity, establishing a healthy environment, and becoming a coach. Coaches identified several beneficial factors: higher accountability, increased self-awareness, paying it forward, aligning maintenance with their identity as a coach, being a role model, and engagement with the Program. Conclusions: Successful coaches and clients use behaviors consistent with existing literature combined with several unique to the Program. The novel insights from this research rest primarily on the strategy of becoming a coach to help maintain weight loss.

减重代谢术后不良饮食行为:概念分析

背景减重代谢术后不良饮食行为是导致术后复胖的重要原因,但其概念尚未统一,且用词混乱,较大程度地限制了该领域的深入研究及研究结论的可靠程度。目的界定减重代谢术后不良饮食行为的概念。方法于2022年5月,系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL数据库,获取以“减重代谢术后不良饮食行为”为主要研究内容且涉及相关概念、定义属性、先决条件、结局指标的文献,检索时限为建库至2022-05-10,语种限定为中、英文。根据纳入的文献,按照Rodgers演化概念分析的步骤,从概念演化、属性特征、先决条件、后果、相关概念、典型案例、为概念的进一步发展提出假设和启示7个方面对减重代谢术后不良饮食行为的相关内容进行分析与整合。结果共纳入符合要求的文献36篇,包括英文文献33篇、中文文献3篇。Rodgers演化概念分析结果显示:减重代谢术后不良饮食行为包括失控性进食、放牧饮食、情绪性进食、食物渴求、食物成瘾、补偿行为6个属性特征;先决条件包括主观和客观因素,主观因素包括自我效能、饮食态度、心理状况、工作压力等,客观因素包括年龄、性别、文化程度、肥胖病史等;后果包括进食障碍和精神心理疾病、减重效果、营养状况、生活质量。结论减重代谢术后不良饮食行为的概念尚未统一,未来还需结合我国国情深入剖析减重代谢术后不良饮食行为的内涵,在此基础上对相关理论、评估工具、影响因素和干预措施等内容进行深入研究,从而维持患者术后减重效果,提高患者生活质量。

基于肥胖稳态理论的减重代谢手术病人手术前后内在化歧视、负性情绪与不良饮食行为现状调查

目的:基于肥胖稳态理论,调查接受减重代谢手术病人术前及术后3个月内在化歧视、负性情绪与不良饮食行为现状。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2022年1月—2022年7月宁夏某三级甲等医院胃肠外科收治的患有肥胖症并拟接受减重代谢手术的病人为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、内在化歧视量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和三因素饮食问题问卷于术前、术后3个月进行问卷调查。结果:术后3个月肥胖症病人内在化歧视、三因素饮食问题得分低于术前(P<0.05),焦虑、抑郁发生率低于术前(P<0.05)。结论:减重代谢手术可有效降低肥胖症病人内在化歧视、减少不良饮食行为,降低负性情绪发生率,肥胖稳态理论可为制定超重/肥胖人群干预策略提供新思路。

减重代谢手术前后患者情绪与饮食行为变化研究

目的探究对比实施减重代谢手术前和手术后患者情绪变化和饮食行为变化。方法选取中山市小榄人民医院2020年6月至2023年2月45例接受减重代谢手术的肥胖症患者为研究对象,对比手术前、后患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分、满意度和三因素饮食问卷评分。结果患者术前无焦虑、抑郁比例低于术后,患者术前中度和重度焦虑、抑郁比较高于术后(P<0.05);患者术前总满意度[82.22%(37/45)]低于术后[97.78%(44/45)](χ^(2)=6.049,P=0.014)。患者术前三因素饮食问卷得分[(43.56±12.21)分]高于术后[(37.67±10.55)分](t_(配对)=2.449,P=0.016)。结论在肥胖患者中实施减重代谢手术,有利于改善患者的不良情绪,可对其行为饮食进行规范,对提高患者满意度具有积极意义,需提高此手术临床开展的重视程度。

女大学生对肥胖认知状况及减肥行为

目的:了解女大学生对肥胖的认知状况及其减肥行为,为正确指导女大学生科学减肥和促进女大学生的身心健康提供科学依据。方法:采用身体测量、问卷调查和数理统计等方法对女大学生的体重指数、减肥行为及肥胖相关知识进行调查。结果:女大学生超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.94%和1.92%;对自身体型的判断正确率低,且多数判断具有超重或肥胖倾向;对肥胖相关知识的认知比较片面;40.09%的女大学生尝试过减肥,其中77.89%的女大学生因对自身体型不满而减肥;减肥方法主要为节食(39.30%)、运动(27.47%)和调整饮食结构(25.90%);女大学生减肥成功率仅为14.22%。结论:女大学生是不良减肥行为预防和控制的重点人群,建议在女大学生中有针对性的开展肥胖与健康知识教育以预防和控制女大学生的不良减肥行为。

不同工艺制备的加热卷烟烟草薄片热失重行为研究

为考查稠浆法、造纸喷粉法、造纸涂布法制备的加热卷烟烟草薄片的热释放规律及差异,采用热重分析法研究了这3种加热卷烟烟草薄片在不同氛围时的热失重行为。结果表明:在空气(Air)和氮气(N_(2))氛围下,3种烟草薄片均经历了水分蒸馏、物质挥发、裂解等多个失重阶段,其热失重行为整体相同;烟草薄片组分在温度达到370℃时可实现有效释放。在240~400℃温度范围内,不同氛围对各烟草薄片样品热失重过程的影响较大;Air氛围有助于提高烟草薄片的热失重速率,促进各阶段的失重温度向低温方向偏移,利于降低甘油、纤维素等物质的热挥发及热氧化降解难度。不同工艺烟草薄片的结构疏松性及物质组成不同,使得加热过程中失重温度区间、最大失重速率温度和质量损失均存在差异;组织结构疏松及外源性成分高均能促进样品热失重速率加快、质量损失增加。

武汉市4所高校大学生减肥意向与身体满意度从众行为的关系研究

目的了解武汉高校在校大学生减肥意向状况及其与身体满意度和从众程度的相关关系,为大学生健康减肥、保障身心健康发展提供支持。方法在武汉4所高校以班级为单位,共随机抽取924名在校大学生进行减肥意向量表、从众程度量表和身体满意度量表的调查,并对结果进行分析。结果武汉高校大学女生减肥意向得分(3.11±1.15),显著高于男生(2.51±1.31),差异有统计学意义(t=-7.23,P<0.01);城市学生显著高于乡村,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.51, P <0.05)。从众程度与五官、驱干、整体外观满意度存在显著负相关关系(r值分别为-0.13、-0.20、-0.19, P<0. 01);减肥意向与四肢、驱干、整体外观存在显著的负相关关系(r值分别为-0.22、-0.24、-0.19,P<0.01),与从众程度呈现显著的正相关关系(r=0.52, P<0.01)。身体满意度对大学生的减肥意向起显著的负向预测作用,从众程度对减肥意向起到显著的正向预测作用。两者能够预测大学生减肥意向,能够解释28%的变量。结论武汉高校大学生身体满意度与减肥意向呈负相关,从众程度与减肥意向呈正相关;应多部门联合对大学生进行健康减肥教育,以保障健康发展。

烧结助剂含量对液相烧结SiC陶瓷抗氧化性的影响

利用Al2O3和La2O3作为烧结助剂,在1 950℃下用液相烧结技术成功制备SiC陶瓷,并在800℃下对该液相烧结SiC陶瓷进行氧化处理。用XRD、SEM等手段分析SiC陶瓷表面氧化产物相组成和微观结构的演变,并探讨SiC陶瓷氧化动力学规律。研究发现,SiC陶瓷氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律,随着氧化时间增加,其氧化速率开始时迅速上升,其后降低,逐渐趋于平缓。

阳离子碳氟、碳氢表面活性剂对Q235钢在HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能

氟碳表面活性剂在酸性介质中具有缓蚀作用,目前,对其作金属缓蚀剂的研究未见报道。研究了阳离子碳氟表面活性剂FCI-3和碳氢表面活性剂CTAB在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用。通过静态失重法、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱及扫描电镜对表面活性剂不同浓度时的缓蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果显示:FCI-3和CTAB表面活性剂对碳钢的缓蚀机理均属"几何覆盖效应"和混合型缓蚀剂,后者以抑制阳极反应为主,二者的缓蚀效率均随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大;FCI-3的缓蚀性能比CTAB的好。

几种不同减肥方法及其效果评价

有氧运动、饮食节制、药物疗法、行为矫正法是目前常用的几种减肥方法 ,其减肥作用各有优劣。文章综述了以上几种不同减肥方法的内容与效果 。

模拟体液中的尿酸对AZ31B镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

过去，探讨高尿酸浓度体液中AZ31B锾合金腐蚀状况的研究不多。采用开路电位、交流阻抗谱和失重法等研究了AZ31B镁合金在不同尿酸浓度的模拟体液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：在模拟体液中尿酸会加快镁合金的腐蚀，但是尿酸加入量与腐蚀速度不是简单的线性关系，尿酸浓度较小时其对腐蚀速率影响较大，当尿酸浓度超过104μmoWL后，镁合金的腐蚀速率不再显著增大；镁合金的失重速率随着浸泡时间的延长而减小，经8～12d的浸泡后，镁合金的腐蚀过程基本达到稳定状态。

健康信念模式在减重行为中的运用

肥胖患病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势,已经成为发达国家和发展中国家面临的最严重的公共卫生问题之一。导致超重或肥胖的危险因素主要有膳食、运动、饮酒等行为因素,行为改变对于预防和治疗超重和肥胖至关重要,其防治措施主要是建立健康的饮食、生活方式。健康信念模式是一个有效且合适的管理体重的工具。利用健康信念模式建立支持性的环境,树立肥胖者的信心,提供健康教育保证肥胖者理解肥胖的危害以及和许多疾病的相关性,可以达到减轻体重的目的。

Q235钢在广东省输电杆塔现场的大气腐蚀行为

基于广东省输电线路分布情况,在城市、工业、海洋和乡村4种环境中选取有代表性的10条杆塔线路,通过1年的现场暴露实验研究了杆塔用Q235钢的大气腐蚀行为,在6、12个月时各取样一次;利用失重法测量各挂片的单位面积腐蚀失重,研究了不同环境中的腐蚀失重规律,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对腐蚀产物结构和微观形貌进行表征.结果表明:广东省大气腐蚀等级主要为C3,其次为C2,属于中度腐蚀;不同特征的环境对大气腐蚀的影响从重到轻依次为重工业、海洋+轻工业复合、海洋和特大城市、中小型城市及乡村;在12个月的试验周期内,Q235钢前6个月的腐蚀速率明显高于后6个月;腐蚀产物主要为花瓣网状和细针状结构的α-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH,在海洋环境中还出现少量β-FeOOH.

女大学生减肥动机及行为误区浅析

从心理学,行为学,社会学的角度出发,采用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,对山西省8所高校的女大学生减肥动机及行为现状进行调查分析。研究表明,受社会压力及现阶段人们审美观的影响,当前部分女大学生对自身身体质量存在错误的评价。高校中大学女生减肥行为也存在普遍性。由于她们对科学减肥方式的不了解,导致她们的减肥行为以健康和不健康方式并存。根据上述现状,针对女大学生减肥过程中出现的误区提出建议,旨在为女大学生的减肥行为提供参考,为高校学生肥胖知识普及和减肥行为的引导提供依据。

高硅铸铁在多种环境下的腐蚀行为研究

采用失重分析、金相分析等实验方法研究了高硅铸铁的组织及在不同环境下的耐腐蚀性能。实验结果表明,高硅铸铁在各种腐蚀介质中均有良好的耐蚀性,腐蚀溶液的浓度对高硅铸铁的腐蚀速度有较大影响。高硅铸铁在同样浓度的酸性环境中的耐蚀性比在碱性环境中好,在中性盐环境中的耐蚀性则居两者之间。

Mg-7Zn-xY-0.6Zr(x=5,11)合金的腐蚀行为研究

为了探讨Mg-7Zn-x Y-0.6Zr(x=5,11)合金在自然界的耐腐蚀性能,采用失重法和电化学法对两种合金在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为和电化学行为进行研究。结果表明,含5%Y合金的腐蚀速率较快,这是由二者不同的第二相种类和分布所造成的。含5%Y合金中的非连续网状W相不能有效阻隔腐蚀液侵入合金内部,而含11%Y合金中的与腐蚀表面法线方向成大角度分布的连续层片状X相可以有效减缓合金内部受到进一步腐蚀。两种合金的腐蚀产物均为Mg(OH)2和Y2O3,但含11%Y合金的腐蚀产物在腐蚀表面覆盖的致密程度和均匀程度较高。含5%Y和含11%Y两种合金的腐蚀电位分别为-1.624 4 V和-1.597 8 V。

铋系2212和2223相在正常态中的热力学行为

对精心制备的，其特性经过仔细研究的掺杂不同Ｐｂ含量的Ｂｉ系２２１２和２２２３相，从室温到溶点对Ｔｃ值进行了微分扫描量热（ＤＳＣ）和热重（ＴＧ）的系统分析实验．结果表明：２２１２相的超导样品经历了吸热的反常和在大约４５０℃和８００℃的重量损失，但是非超导的２２１２相却没有．在２２２３相中，除了温度改变不同之外，其他情况与２２１２相的情况类似．比较这些超导体和非超导体样品的不同行为可以知道。