The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms i...The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences.The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19,including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes,adipose tissue,thyroid,heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males,the aged,and certain medical conditions,including diabetes,CVD,and pulmonary diseases.Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the“cytokine storm,”a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients;the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells;plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19,including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins,thyroid dysfunction,degraded fitness,and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors;while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability,by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression.Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness.A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals,73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9,demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass.It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI,lipids,lipoproteins,inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP,Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively,juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol,Testosterone,Free T3,IGF-1,Insulin,and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.展开更多
The testing covariance equality is of importance in many areas of statistical analysis,such as microarray analysis and quality control.Conventional tests for the finite-dimensional covariance do not apply to high-dime...The testing covariance equality is of importance in many areas of statistical analysis,such as microarray analysis and quality control.Conventional tests for the finite-dimensional covariance do not apply to high-dimensional data in general,and tests for the high-dimensional covariance in the literature usually depend on some special structure of the matrix and whether the dimension diverges.In this paper,we propose a jackknife empirical likelihood method to test the equality of covariance matrices.The asymptotic distribution of the new test is regardless of the divergent or fixed dimension.Simulation studies show that the new test has a very stable size with respect to the dimension and it is also more powerful than the test proposed by Schott(2007)and studied by Srivastava and Yanagihara(2010).Furthermore,we illustrate the method using a breast cancer dataset.展开更多
文摘The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences.The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19,including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes,adipose tissue,thyroid,heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males,the aged,and certain medical conditions,including diabetes,CVD,and pulmonary diseases.Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the“cytokine storm,”a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients;the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells;plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19,including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins,thyroid dysfunction,degraded fitness,and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors;while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability,by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression.Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness.A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals,73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9,demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass.It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI,lipids,lipoproteins,inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP,Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively,juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol,Testosterone,Free T3,IGF-1,Insulin,and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.
基金supported by the Simons Foundation,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11771390 and 11371318)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR16A010001)+1 种基金the University of Sydney and Zhejiang University Partnership Collaboration Awardsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The testing covariance equality is of importance in many areas of statistical analysis,such as microarray analysis and quality control.Conventional tests for the finite-dimensional covariance do not apply to high-dimensional data in general,and tests for the high-dimensional covariance in the literature usually depend on some special structure of the matrix and whether the dimension diverges.In this paper,we propose a jackknife empirical likelihood method to test the equality of covariance matrices.The asymptotic distribution of the new test is regardless of the divergent or fixed dimension.Simulation studies show that the new test has a very stable size with respect to the dimension and it is also more powerful than the test proposed by Schott(2007)and studied by Srivastava and Yanagihara(2010).Furthermore,we illustrate the method using a breast cancer dataset.
